• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-16
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• 2005

In this study, several issues of engineering education of Korea were pointed out through the survey for industrial employees in the areas of civil, chemical and electronics engineering. For the area of civil engineering, a questionnaire based upon the outcomes of ABEEK(accreditation board for engineering education of Korea) was developed for the survey, and the replies from the survey were then analyzed. For the areas of chemical and electronics engineering, data obtained from the literature study were used for analyses. The results of analyses show that the level of engineering education is much lower than that of the industrial demand in the case of all three divisions. It shows the urgency in improvement of engineering education.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.911-921
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• 2015

At least 150 indigenous African cattle breeds have been named, but the majority of African cattle populations remain largely uncharacterized. As cattle breeds and populations in Africa adapted to various local environmental conditions, they acquired unique features. We know now that the history of African cattle was particularly complex and while several of its episodes remain debated, there is no doubt that African cattle population evolved dramatically over time. Today, we find a mosaic of genetically diverse population from the purest Bos taurus to the nearly pure Bos indicus. African cattle are now found all across the continent, with the exception of the Sahara and the river Congo basin. They are found on the rift valley highlands as well as below sea level in the Afar depression. These unique livestock genetic resources are in danger to disappear rapidly following uncontrolled crossbreeding and breed replacements with exotic breeds. Breeding improvement programs of African indigenous livestock remain too few while paradoxically the demand of livestock products is continually increasing. Many African indigenous breeds are endangered now, and their unique adaptive traits may be lost forever. This paper reviews the unique known characteristics of indigenous African cattle populations while describing the opportunities, the necessity and urgency to understand and utilize these resources to respond to the needs of the people of the continent and to the benefit of African farmers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to describe bladder dysfunction in elderly women such as frequency, nocturia, and residual urine. Methods: One hundred elderly women aged 60 and over. The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Symptoms (BFLUT) was used to evaluate the bladder function and to measure the residual urine amount by using a bladder scanner. Data was analyzed with the differences between voiding dysfunction by age group and life habits by t-test, ANOVA and correlation by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: the mean daytime frequency was 6.8 times and night-time frequency 2.7 times. Sixty three percent of subjects had urgency and 41% had urgent incontinence. Over half of subjects had problem in voiding function. There were significant differences in frequency by age groups and constipation, but not in daytime frequency and residual urine. Lastly, there were significant positive relations between daytime frequency and night-time frequency. Also results indicate that more frequency in daytime equaled to a less residual urine amount. Conclusion: We know many elderly women have lower urinary tract symptoms. Specially women over 75 years have more daytime frequency and night-time frequency. This suggests further research needed in order to understand the relation of voiding patterns and life habits and its influence on quality of life.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1986

As public awareness of the various warning signs of malignancy increases, so does the concern evoked by the self identified finding of mass in the head and neck area. Not all the palpable masses are always significantly abnormal, but any nontender mass especially to the adult is significant enough to warrent further full investigation and follow up, the object of which should be to determine the possibility of malignancy and urgency of treatment. Approach to the diagnosis of the neck mass is so important in that it affects decision regarding further evaluation would lead to the determination of the most efficacious mode of therapy, eventually to the good prognosis. So, it should be emphasized that approach to the diagnosis of neck mass should be planned, systematic and thorough, this begins with the taking careful history following performance of complete examination of the head and neck especially to the nasopharynx, tongue base, pyriform sinus, palatine tonsil and larynx. Then a number of laboratory and radiologic studies are available, following triple endoscopy under general anesthesia and blind biopsy if needed. The most important rule to keep is that any biopsy procedures should be delayed to the last modality of effort to the diagnosis and if it should be done, under the plan of radical neck dissection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-183
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• 2006

This paper describes a metadata extraction technique based on natural language processing (NLP) which extracts personalized information from email communications between financial analysts and their clients. Personalized means connecting users with content in a personally meaningful way to create, grow, and retain online relationships. Personalization often results in the creation of user profiles that store individuals' preferences regarding goods or services offered by various e-commerce merchants. We developed an automatic metadata extraction system designed to process textual data such as emails, discussion group postings, or chat group transcriptions. The focus of this paper is the recognition of emotional contents such as mood and urgency, which are embedded in the business communications, as metadata.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.44
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• pp.213-238
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• 2009

This thesis examines the problems faced in the clearance procedures of Korea's e-customs system for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. Practical implications regarding the advancement of Korea's e-customs system are as follows. First, the substructure of the e-customs clearance system, which is the basis for the establishment of a global single window, should be developed into a more modern and advanced system. Second, additional improvements in the law are required to render the broad array of Internet-based export and import documents legally binding. Third, customized services should be provided in order to improve the operating efficiency of the e-customs clearance system. Fourth, the reputation of Korea's e-customs clearance system should be raised via the strengthening of a cooperative system between concerned parties, including exporters and importers. This innovative approach to systematic improvements will come about when we can simplify current customs clearance procedures and establish a fairer customs inspection administration regime. Additionally, when we review the methods intrinsic to our customs system, we must emphasize the urgency of proper completion of related systems and arrangements in the trade business and similar fields.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.15-23
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• 2014

Purpose - This study is one of a series of studies on the successful Sextic industry, which was conceived because of the urgency of transforming agriculture to cope with global market-opening pressures as well as to solve domestic difficulties facing Korean rural areas. Research design, data, and methodology - This study involved constructing a questionnaire based on evaluation standards proposed by prior research. Further, this study intended to lay the groundwork for the development of the Sextic industry through the use of IPA. It also sought to explore the possibility of developing scales capable of performing causality analysis. We conducted 149 effective questionnaires, and applied the paired t-test and IPA for the analysis. Results - The results of the analysis indicated that the degrees of producers' perceptions regarding the importance and performance with respect to five variables of the performance indicators were different. Conclusion - It was suggested that the implementing subjects of the Sextic industry should prevent possible problems relating to several factors by building close cooperative relationships with the interested parties of each industry.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

In early 90s the worldwide awareness about the energy crisis and global warming had been increased and emission reduction (by improving energy efficiency), as well as increasing the capacity of clean and renewable energies, showed themselves as the most important steps towards the sustainable development approach. However, investigations on Iran's environmental situation show huge decline in recent decades and apparently there is no sense of urgency about these issues through the vision of Iranian politicians. In this article the idea of replacing the old gas turbines of Polkalleh natural gas compressor station - as one of the main compressor stations of Iran - with newer and more efficient gas turbines is evaluated, emphatically for reducing greenhouse gases emissions and their environmental costs and decreasing natural gas consumption as well. Clearly such idea is costly, but analyzing its economic impacts, huge declines in annual costs and greenhouse gases emissions can be seen as well. So an investment about $95 million can decrease 40% of Polkalleh compressor station annual costs, 25% of natural consumption and 30% of $CO_2$ and $NO_x$ emissions. Besides the simple payback period of this investment is about 2.5 years from the cut-expenses of annual costs.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize sub-goals for infants and young children among the Korean Sustainable Development Goals (K-SDGs). Methods: The expert panel of this study consisted of 15 faculty members from the department of early childhood education or children's studies at 12 universities and was put together in order to conduct a Delphi survey. Results: As a result of the study, first, a total of 16 sub-goals were developed in order to target infants and young children. Second, the 16 sub-goals were then ranked according to their importance and urgency, and the most important goal were 'the improvement of mental health and prevention of drug abuse (K-SDG 3-2)'. And 'the elimination of violence and discrimination against girls (K-SDG 5-1, 5-2)', 'the safe and inclusive learning environment (K-SDG 4-8)' and 'end of abuse, trafficking, exploitation and all forms of violence against children (K-SDG 16-2)' were the next important and urgent goals. These priority objectives reflect the inviolable rights that infants and young children in Korea should be guaranteed by default. Conclusion/Implications: This study provided a basis for its effective implementation by identifying goals and priorities for infants and young children in comprehensive and interdependent K-SDGs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 2004

Descending nectorizing mediastinitis (DNM). represents a virulent form of mediastinal infection requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to reduce the high morbidity mortality associated with this disease. Intr. avenous broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy alone is not efficient without adequate surgical drainage of the cervical and mediastinal collections, extensive debridement and excision of necrotic tissue, and wide mediastino-pleural irrigation. A 38-year-old man admitted via emergency room with painful left neck swelling and uncontrolled high fever. Chest computed tomogram showed left paratracheal abscess descending into the superior and anterior mediastinum. Transcervical mediastinal drainage was performed with 26 Fr. chest tube and left paratracheal drainage was performed with Penrose drain in urgency. Culture and sensitivity test grew Yeast. The drains removed via gradually shortening on day 39 after surgery.