• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1807-1820
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• 2014

The spatial and temporal changes of the annual mean urban heat island(UHI) intensity were investigated using near surface temperature data measured at 16 automatic weather systems(AWS) in Busan metropolitan area(BMA) during the 11-yr period, from 2000 to 2010. For nighttime, the annual mean UHI intensity at Dongnae(U1) in 2000 was weaker than it in 2010. However the change of the annual mean UHI intensity at Daeyeon(U2) during 11 years was different from it at U1. The annual frequency of the UHI intensity over $5^{\circ}C$ considerably increased at U2 and decreased at U1 during 11 years. The center of the UHI also spatially shifted southward with Daeyeon and Haeundae in BMA. It would be caused by the increase of urban area, population-density and transportation near U2 and by the decrease of them near U1. We found that the spatial and temporal differences of the UHI intensity have coincided with changes of land-use, population density and transportation in BMA.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been widely studied as a global concern of the 21st century. Heat generation from urban built-up structures and anthropogenic heat sources are the main factors to create UHIs. Unfortunately, both factors are expanding rapidly in Lahore and accelerating UHI effects. The effects of UHI are expanding with the expansion of impermeable surfaces towards urban green areas. Therefore, this study was arranged to analyze the role of urban cooling intensity in reducing urban heat island effects. For this purpose, 15 parks were selected to analyze their effects on the land surface temperature (LST) of Lahore. The study obtained two images of Landsat-8 based on seasons: the first of June-2018 for summer and the second of November-2018 for winter. The LST of the study area was calculated using the radiative transfer equation (RTE) method. The results show that the theme parks have the largest cooling effect while the linear parks have the lowest. The mean park LST and PCI of the samples are also positively correlated with the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). So, it is concluded that urban parks play a positive role in reducing and mitigating LST and UHI effects. Therefore, it is suggested that the increase of vegetation cover should be used to develop impervious surfaces and sustainable landscape planning.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.846-848
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• 2003

Analysis of UHI in Busan region using Landsat TM data. Between 1987 and 1997 surface temperature increased clearly. Land usage of Busan is construed that instigate UHI changing into industry and commerce area. Also, intensity of UHI in surface temperature appeared strongly in industrial area and business area. On the contrary, residential area, mountain area, suburb area did not appear strongly.

• 대기
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.413-424
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• 2013

Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity is one of vital parameters in studying urban boundary layer meteorology as well as urban planning. Because the UHI intensity is defined as air temperature difference between urban and rural sites, an objective sites selection criterion is necessary for proper quantification of the spatial variations of the UHI intensity. This study quantified the UHI intensity and its spatial pattern, and then analyzed their connections with urban structure and metabolism in Seoul metropolitan area where many kinds of land use and land cover types coexist. In this study, screen-level temperature data in non-precipitation day conditions observed from 29 automatic weather stations (AWS) in Seoul were analyzed to delineate the characteristics of UHI. For quality control of the data, gap test, limit test, and step test based on guideline of World Meteorological Organization were conducted. After classifying all stations by their own local climatological properties, UHI intensity and diurnal temperature range (DTR) are calculated, and then their seasonal patterns are discussed. Maximum UHI intensity was $4.3^{\circ}C$ in autumn and minimum was $3.6^{\circ}C$ in spring. Maximum DTR appeared in autumn as $3.8^{\circ}C$, but minimum was $2.3^{\circ}C$ in summer. UHI intensity and DTR showed large variations with different local climate zones. Despite limited information on accuracy and exposure errors of the automatic weather stations, the observed data from AWS network represented theoretical UHI intensities with difference local climate zone in Seoul.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2020

Urban heat island (UHI) is one of the most important climatic implications of urbanization and thus a matter of key concern for environmentalists of the world in the twenty-first century. The relationship between climate and urbanization has been better understood with the introduction of thermal remote sensing. So, this study is an attempt to understand the influence of urbanization on local temperature for a small developing city. The study focuses on the investigation of intensity of atmospheric and surface urban heat island for a small urbanizing district of Punjab, India. Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite data and field observations were used to examine the spatial pattern of surface and atmospheric UHI effect respectively, for the month of April, 2018. The satellite data has been used to cover the larger geographical area while field observations were taken for simultaneous and daily temperature measurements for different land use types. The significant influence of land use/land cover (LULC) patterns on UHI effect was analyzed using normalized built-up and vegetation indices (NDBI, NDVI) that were derived from remote sensing satellite data. The statistical analysis carried out for land surface temperature (LST) and LULC indicators displayed negative correlation for LST and NDVI while NDBI and LST exhibited positive correlation depicting attenuation in UHI effect by abundant vegetation. The comparison of remote sensing and in-situ observations were also carried out in the study. The research concluded in finding both nocturnal and daytime UHI effect based on diurnal air temperature observations. The study recommends the urgent need to explore and impose effective UHI mitigation measures for the sustainable urban growth.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2010

Although many researches for heat island study have been developed, there is little attempt to link the findings to actual and hypothetical scenarios of urban developments which would help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in cities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the UHI at urban area with different geometries, land use, and environmental factors, and emphasis on the influence of different geometric and environmental parameters on ambient air temperature. In order to evaluate these effects, the parameters of (i) Air pollution (i.e. Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)), (ii) Green space Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), (iii) Anthropogenic heat (AH) (iv) Building density (BD), (v) Building height (BH), and (vi) Air temperature (Ta) were mapped. The optimum operational scales between Heat Island Intensity (HII) and above parameters were evaluated by testing the strength of the correlations for every resolution. The best compromised scale for all parameters is 275m resolution. Thus, the measurements of these parameters contributing to heat island formation over the study areas of Hong Kong were established from mathematical relationships between them and in combination at 275m resolution. The mathematical models were then tabulated to show the impact of different percentages of parameters on HII. These tables are useful to predict the probable climatic implications of future planning decisions.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The urban thermal environment can be an important index to detect heat island phenomena and manage it to improve urban life quality. Cheongju is a typical plain-city that main part has been formed and developed in lowland. The Mushim stream crosses the city from south to north. We reviewed the use of thermal remote sensing in stream around areas and the thermal environments, focusing primarily on the Urban Heat Island(UHI) effect. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the stream nearby urban area and the stream cooling effect of UHI. The objectives are to determine the usefulness of KOMPSAT-2 bands MS3 and MS4 for vegetation cover mapping, and the usefulness of LANDSAT TM band 6 in identifying thermal environmental characteristics and UHI. Land Surface Temperatures (LST) are retrieved by single-channel algorithm to study the UHI from the 6th band (thermal infrared band) of LANDSAT TM images and thermal radiance thermometer based on remote sensing method and the LST distribution maps are accomplished according to the retrieval results. There is also comparison of satellite-derived and in situ measured temperature. The results indicated that the LST of urban center is higher than that of suburban area, the temperature of mountain and water are the lowest area, so it is clearly proved that there are obvious UHI effects by stream. The surface temperature distribution of Mushim stream is detected $2^{\circ}C$ lower than urban area.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Purpose: Temperature in urban areas increase much more than suburban areas and it is called urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. There are several solutions to control UHI phenomenon such as green roof system, water space construction, and cool roof system. However, application of green roof system and cool roof system to some of the buildings which compose the city has a critical limit. Therefore, in order to diminish the temperature rising and UHI phenomenon due to climate change of the city, it needs to approach from the viewpoint of site or city, rather than the viewpoint of individual buildings. This study is aims at analyzing UHI phenomenon by characteristics of surface materials and suggesting the solutions to reduce UHI phenomenon by types of complex. Method: Literature reviews were conducted to analyze the cause, mitigating plan, and recent trends of UHI phenomenon. For the simulation analysis, the type of complex was classified 3 representative complex. Based on measured reflectivity, simulation about UHI phenomenon was conducted by setting 4 strategies; albedo of roof, road pavement, green roof system, and vegetating around buildings. Result: As the results of simulating the UHI reduction factor by types of complex, it showed that the effect of temperature reduction on the building roof layer is more effective than adjusting the reflectivity of buildings such as green roof system, planting near the buildings in both the detached house complex, apartment complex, and commercial complex.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2017

Because of lack of accurate understanding of the mechanism of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and lack of scientific discussion, it is hard to come up with effective measures to mitigate UHI phenomenon. This study systematically described the UHI and suggested the solutions using green-infrastructure (green-infra). The factors that control UHI are very diverse: radiant heat flux, latent heat flux, storage heat flux, and artificial heat flux, and the air temperature is formed by the combination effect of radiation, conduction and convection. Green-infra strategies can improve thermal environment by reducing radiant heat flux (the albedo effect, the shade effect), increasing latent heat flux (the evapotranspiration effect), and creating a wind path (cooling air flow). As a result of measurement, green-infra could reduce radiant heat flux as $270W/m^2$ due to shadow effect and produce $170W/m^2$ latent heat flux due to evaporation. Finally, green-infra can be applied differently on the macro(urban) scale and micro scale, therefore, we should plan and design green-infra after the target objects of structures are set.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권5_3호
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• pp.821-834
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• 2017

도시화로 인한 산업비율 증가는 도시의 기온이 주변지역보다 높아지는 도시 열섬(Urban Heat Island)현상을 유발하였으며 기후변화와 함께 그 강도가 점점 증가하고 있다. 열섬현상이 발생하는 여러 도시 중에서도 서울시는 각 구 또는 동별로 시가화 정도, 녹지율, 에너지소비량, 인구밀도가 다 다르기 때문에 열섬현상의 강도역시 다르다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 서울특별시를 대상으로 행정구, 행정동 단위 열섬현상강도(UHI Intensity)를 추출하여 행정구역별 차이를 확인하고 세 가지 범주(기상상태, 인위적 열 발생, 토지이용특성)에 포함되는 변수들과 선형회귀분석을 실시하여 각 행정구역의 열섬현상강도 차이의 원인을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 UHI Intensity는 행정구별, 행정동별 특징 및 주변 환경에 따른 차이가 존재하며 행정동 단위에서 차이가 더 크게 나타났고 구의 UHI Intensity와 구에 속한 동의 UHI Intensity분포 또한 차이가 존재하였다. 선형회귀분석결과 평균 풍속, 개발정도, 토양보정식생지수(SAVI), 정규화시가지지수(NDBI) 값이 행정구역별 열섬현상강도 차이를 발생시키는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 토양보정식생지수와 정규화시가지지수는 행정동단위 까지 그 값의 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, 열섬현상 완화를 위한 바람길 환경 조성은 행정동 차원에서의 시행이 필요한 사항이다. 따라서 토지피복 개선 계획, 바람길 조성 계획, 개발지역에 대한 벽면 녹화계획 등 열섬현상 완화를 위한 사업들은 행정구 단위의 차이만을 고려하기보단 구안에 속한 행정동까지 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시 도시열섬현상 완화를 위해 행정동 단위에서의 분석의 필요성과 고려해야할 변수를 도출하여 향후 도시 열환경 설계 및 정책 개발 시 접근방향을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.