• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2009

Knowledge about how to stabilize soil structure is essential to conserve soil systems and maintain various biogeochemical processes through soil. In urban area, soil structural systems are degraded with inappropriate management and land use and become vulnerable to erosion. We analyzed the structural changes of surface soils with different land uses, i.e., forests, parks, roadside green area, riparian area, and farmlands (soybean fields), in the Anyang Stream Watershed in order to find the factors influencing the stability of soil structure and the implication for better management of surface soil. Soil organic matter contents of other land use soils were only 18~52% of that in forest soils. Soil organic matter increased the stability of soil aggregates in the order of soybean fields < roadsides < riparian < parks < forests and also reduced soil bulk density (increased porosity). The lowest stability of soybean field soils was attributed to the often disturbance like tillage and it was considered that higher stability of park soils comparing to other land use soils except forests was owing to the covering of soil surface with grass. These results suggest that supply of soil organic matter and protection of soil surface with covering materials are very important to increase porosity and stability of soil structure.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.963-972
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• 2016

A survey was performed to present a scheme for building a healing forest park inside a city in consideration of the fact that healing forests are located in non-urban areas because of their nature, and are therefore not conveniently accessible to urban population (n=196). As a result, among 196 respondents to the survey, 74.5% indicated that it was necessary to build an urban healing forest park. In the case of the expected usage pattern, were an urban forest park to be built, the largest proportion responded that it would be used to "walk", followed by "rest and meditation" and then "meeting/talk/date". An analysis showed that the largest proportion responded that they factor in "Accessibility" (48%), followed by "Park condition" (16.8%), and "Vegetation type" (12.2%). According to the analysis of usage preference for healing therapy, it was shown that the largest proportion preferred "Terrain therapy" (37.8%), followed by "Exercise therapy" (19.9%), and "Naturopathy" (18.9%). The factor anlaysis of usage preference regarding urban healing forest park facilities showed that the components were divided into "Operation facilities" and "Natural healing space", and the largest proportion preferred "Trails for healing", followed by "Space or forest for meditation" and "Health promotion center", and then "Facilities for a exercise therapy". In building an urban healing forest park, we think that it is effective to introduce zones and facilities in consideration of park characteristics that are centered on everyday behaviors, such as taking a walk, which differ from those of healing forests located in non-urban areas.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current urban forest network and future plan of forest framework using nearest features program where stepping stones within 5km from the core forest were selected in the program. We found several conclusions as follows: First, we found that cities in inland area including Daegu, Dajeon and Gwangju have quite different types of forest network with comparing to the cities nearby coastline including Busan, Incheon and Ulsan. The cities in inland area have large mountain patch around each city. However they have small and lower number of island forests within their urban area. Otherwise, cities nearby coastline have more forest patches than in the cities in inland area, and Busan and Incheon especially have strong forest network using various size of forest patches. Second, Daegu and Daejeon have much smaller forest patches distributed in each urban area. So additional forest patches should be added to have highly strong forest network within urban area. Third, Ulsan and Gwangju have most stepping-stone forests close to the large mountain patches in suburban area, which are not able to connect to the forest patches in the central area of each city So additional forest patches are needed to be added in the central area of each city for reinforcing the effect of stepping stone in the central area. Though there should be an addition approach except for forest size and its isolation to construct the ecological network in an urban area, this indices can be a good method to check an environmental and ecological status in an urban area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권4호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2021

피톤치드는 식물체에서 방출되는 생물유래 휘발성유기화합물(BVOCs)에 포함되어있는 isoprene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene과 같은 화합물들 형태로 존재한다. 또한 피톤치드는 중요한 산림치유 인자인 동시에 질소화합물과 광학반응을 하여 오존 및 이차 유기에어로졸 생성에 영향을 미치는 물질로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 도시숲 주요 30 수종을 선정하여 표준환경조건(온도: 30℃, 광도: 1,000 μmol/m²/sec)에서 400 L Tedlar bag의 순환형 챔버를 이용하여 시료를 포집하여 열탈착-GC/MS로 분석하였고, 해당 수종의 잎을 건조시켜 건중량 당 수종별 isoprene 및 terpene류의 방출량을 분석하였다. Isoprene 방출량은 전체 수종 중에서 왕대에서 가장 높았으며 졸참나무, 굴거리나무, 회양목이 주요 isoprnen 방출 수종으로 나타났다. Monoterpene 방출량은 리기다소나무에서 가장 높았으며 고로쇠, 일본잎갈나무, 백목련, 메타세쿼이아, 잣나무, 소나무, 전나무가 주요 monpterpene 방출 수종으로 나타났다. Monotrerpene 주요 물질은 α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-pinen, sabinene이였으며, sesquiterpene의 주요 물질은 caryophyllene, farnesene으로 나타났다. Oxygenated monoterpene의 주요 물질은 pulegone, borneol, menthol, eucalyptol, nerol이였고 oxygenated sesquiterpene에서는 carypphyllene oxide가 주요 물질로 검출되었지만 30개 수종에서 sesquiterpene과 oxygenated sesquiterpene의 방출량은 상대적으로 낮았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2020

This research and technology development project is based on the concept and plan of Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., and designed by Nikken Sekkei Ltd., and is aiming to realize 350 m supertall timber-framed buildings in urban areas by 2041, the 350 year anniversary of Sumitomo Forestry's founding(Fig. 1). By constructing office-based multi-use buildings which have 70 stories above ground with GFA of 455,000 ㎡, using a huge amount of timber of 185,000 ㎥, this project envisions to connect forests and cities, and to solve the problems in both of forests and cities. At the present stage, the main objective is to identify the issues related to wood, such as building structural systems, construction methods, materials used, and resource development, and to create a roadmap for future technologies to be researched and developed.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2005년도 임시총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.161-163
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• 2005

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

This study researches attributes , behaviors , satisfaction factors and degrees of curiosity of visitors to recreational forests in the suburbs of a large city. It aims to present suggestions for urban forest development and management policy by offering basic data which help to plan, design and manage recreational forests to increase the quality of these environments. The results are as follows First, in attribute, the visiting rate of males is higher than that of females, and the main users are in their thirties and forties. Sixty percent of visitors graduated from university and their rate of employment is evenly distributed. 95 percent of visitors are residents of the metropolitan area. In terms of behavior, major visitors are family units visiting during summer seasons and for overnight stays. 75% are re-visitors. 85% of visitors came to escape the city with families and friends, keep in good health and experience nature. Second, to extract the factors affecting visitor satisfaction in recreational forests, the natural environment, facilities, and management/use systems were identified as independent variables, while subordinate satisfactions were dependent variables. so regression analysis was used. Thus, the variables affecting the natural environment are quality of water, stream use, biodiversity, fresh air and landscape factors. The variables affecting facilities are puking, convenience, play facilities, sanitary arrangement and camping. Most important among the variables affecting management/use systems are educational facilities and access condition. On the basis of generalizing the study in the existing individual site, we must verify the visiting characteristics in recreational forests in the suburbs of a large city. Since development of recreational forests is understood as a sequence considering a site and a given condition, and since management and improvement must unfold according to these characteristics, a strategy is needed to reveal visitors' opinions about the site. Depending on the facilities and service, satisfaction of recreational forests is generally influenced by social and economic qualities. Also, this study can look into the effect according to use pattern motive and season. As suburban recreational forests have many overnight-users and younger men, programs suitable for these groups are needed. On the basis of variables affecting satisfaction according to natural environment, facilities, and use system, policies which can manage the natural environment and introduce educational programs are needed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.566-574
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• 2022

중금속은 생체 내에서 분해되지 않고 장기간에 걸쳐 축적되는 특성으로 도시의 생물 다양성을 위협하는 위험한 오염물질 중 하나이다. 도시지역의 대기 중 중금속오염을 평가하기 위해 중금속 노출 정도에 따라 생물 체내의 축적농도를 비교하는 생물학적 모니터링의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 중금속 모니터링 시료로서 둥지 재료의 활용 가능성을 검토하고 중금속이 박새과 조류에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구지역은 충청남도 천안시 소재 대학교 캠퍼스 내 녹지공간(14개), 도시산림(11개), 도시공원(29개)으로 총 54개의 인공새집이 설치되었다. 조류 이용률은 도시공원 6/29개(20.68%), 캠퍼스 내 녹지공간 11/14개(78.57%), 도시산림 8/11개(72.72%)로 나타났다. 수거한 둥지로부터 이끼 재료를 채취하였고 중금속 분석을 통하여 도시녹지 유형별 중금속축적특성과 중금속이 박새과 조류의 이소 성공 여부에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 분석결과 아연의 평균 농도는 228.08±209.62㎍/dry g, 납의 평균 농도는 17.67±6.72㎍/dry g로 나타났다. 도시녹지 유형별 아연농도는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나(Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value=0.28) 납 농도는 유의한 차이를 보였다(Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05^*). 중금속 분석을 진행한 21개의 박새과 조류 둥지 중 11개(52.38%)의 둥지에서 조류의 이소가 관찰되었다. 각 도시녹지 유형에서 관찰된 조류의 이소는 캠퍼스 내 녹지공간 7개(77.78%), 도시산림 6개(85.71%), 도시공원 1개(20%)로 주로 도시산림과 캠퍼스 내 녹지공간에서 이소가 확인되었다. 박새과 조류의 이소 성공 여부에 중금속 축적특성이 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 중금속 농도를 비교하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(Zn : W=44, p-value=0.74, Pb : t=0.64676, df =7.2422, p-value =0.54). 본 연구는 박새과 둥지 재료를 중금속 모니터링 시료로 사용한 기초 연구로 비침습적인 생물학적 모니터링의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2023

Street trees have been incorporated into urban forests to regulate the microclimate and provide shade as well as provide aesthetic and environmental functions and to evaluate their physiological characteristics. Zelkova serrata is a major tree species that has been planted on various South Korean streets. We determined the physiological characteristics of Z. serrata in street trees of Goyang and Paju in Gyeonggi Province. According to survey sites, net CO₂ assimilation rates was 13.9-16.4 µmol CO₂ m^-2s^-1, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was 0.80-0.82, and proline contents was showed 3.4-3.7 mg g^-1 FW. The studied trees were assumed to be physiologically stressed, but it was found that Z. serrata was planted as street trees were not significantly stressed when compared to chlorophyll fluorescence responses and proline contents. In the future, the continuous monitoring system is needed to evaluate the physiological characteristics of urban trees.