• Title/Summary/Keyword: upland field

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The Performances of Sediment Trap for Reducing Water Pollutants and Soil Loss from Rainfall Runoff in Cropland (농경지 토양유실 및 수질오염물질 유출에 대한 침사구 조성 효과)

  • Park, Se-In;Park, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Han-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.307-313
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    • 2019

  • BACKGROUND: An intensive farming system may be of the most important source for agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, which is a major concern for agricultural water management in South Korea. Various management practices have therefore been applied to reduce NPS loads from upland fields. This study presents performances of sediment trap for reducing NPS and soil loss from rainfall runoff in cropland. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2018 and 2019, three sediment traps (L1.5 m × W1.0 m × D0.5 m = 0.75 ㎥) and their controls were established in the end of sloped (ca. 3%) upland field planted with maize crops. Over the seasons, runoff water was monitored, collected, and analyzed at every runoff. Soils deposited in sediment traps were collected and weighed at the season end. Sediment traps reduced runoff amount (p<0.05) and NPS concentrations, though the decreased NPS concentrations were not always statistically significant. In addition, sediment traps had a significant prevention effect on soil loss from rainfall runoff in a sloped cropland. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the sediment trap could be a powerful and the best management practice to reduce NPS pollution and soil loss in a sloped upland field.

  • https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2019.38.4.41 인용 PDF KSCI

Development of the Estimation System for Agricultural Water Demand (농업용수 수요량 산정 시스템 개발)

  • 이광야;김선주
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.53-65
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    • 2001

  • To estimate agricultural water demand, many factors such as weather, crops, soil, cultivation method, crop coefficient and cultivation area, etc. must be considered. But it is not easy to estimate water demand in consideration of these factors, which are variable according to growth stage and regional environment. This study provides estimation system for agricultural water demand(ESAD) in order to estimate water demand easily and accurately, and arranges all factors needed for water demand estimation. This study identifies the application of estimation system for agricultural water demand with the data observed in the other studies, and analyzes nationwide agricultural water demand. The results are as follows. 1) The practice of different rice cultivation in the paddy field resulted in different water demands. Water depth and infiltration ratio in paddy are the most important factors to estimate water demand. The water depths in paddy simulated by ESAD is very similar to the observed ones. 2) Water demand of upland crops varies with the crops, soil, etc.. Effective rainfall estimated by daily routing of soil moisture varies according to the crops, soil, and effective soil zone(root depth). As crop root become grown, effective rainfall and an amount of irrigation water has been increased. 3) The current unit water demand of upland crops applied as 500mm or 550mm to estimate water demand does not reflect the differences caused by the crops, regional surrounding, weather condition, etc. Results from ESAD for the estimation of water demand of upland crops show that ESAD can simulate the actual field conditions reasonably because it simulates the actual irrigation practices with the daily routing of soil moisture.

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The Minimum Concentration of Organic Solvents Inducing Phytotoxicity and Their Symptoms (유기용매(有機溶媒)의 약해유발(藥害誘發) 농도(濃度)와 그 증상(症狀))

  • Yu, Ju-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Seog;Cho, Kwang-Yun
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.255-264
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    • 1989

  • The minimum concentrations of organic solvents inducing phytotoxicity were investigated after spraying or flooding solvent solutions to annual plants. In the foliar treatment of upland test, solvents with high-boiling point or low-polarity induced severe phytotoxicity. Especially, aromatic solvents induced severe phytotoxicity. The most sensitive plant to phytotoxicity was soybean. In the pre-emergence treatment of upland test, the solvents with high-boiling point only induced phytotoxicity at high concentration. The degree of phytotoxicity induced by foliar spray in the condition of paddy field was similiar to that of upland test, but in the pre-emergence test, the former was more severe than the latter. Among 6 treatments, phytotoxicity induced by solvents was most severe in the pre-emergence test under the condition of flooding paddy field. Generally, alcohols induced severe phytotoxicity, especially, ethanol at 0.001%.

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