• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 정적 다짐된 자연 성해 실트질 모래의 불포화 흡수력의 영향과 변형특성을 평가하기 위해서 불포화 일축압축시험을 수행하였다. 공시체는 초기포화도를 다르게 하여 제작되었고 공시체의 초기 흡수력 및 최대일축압축강도에서의 흡수력 그리고 전단시의 체적변형이 측정되었다. 시험결과, 초기포화도의 크기에 따라 흡수력, 최대 일축 압축강도 및 체적변형 거동을 살펴보고 평가할 수 있었다. 또한, 불포화상태 실트질 모래의 전단강도에서 흡수력에 의해 증가하는 겉보기 점착력을 나타내는 흡수응력($P_s$을 추정하였다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Permeability of the preform is one of key factors in design of RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) mold, determination of processing conditions, and modeling of flow in the mold. According to previous studies, permeability measured in the unsaturated fiber mats are higher than that in the saturated fiber mats by about 20% because of the capillary pressure. In this study, permeabilities of several fiber preforms are measured for both saturated and unsaturated flows. A saturated experiment of radial flow has been adopted to measure the permeability of anisotropic fiber preforms with high fiber content, i.e., circular braided preforms. In this method, four pressure transducers are used to measure the pressure distribution. Permeabilities in different directions are determined and the experimental results show a good agreement with the theory. Since permeability is affected by the capillary effect, permeability should be measured in the unsaturated condition for the textile composites to be manufactured under lower pressure as in the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM).

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 불포화토를 대상으로 슨 압밀조건에서 삼축시험을 수행하여 거동을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 풍화토 시료를 성형하여 모관흡수력을 조절한 불포화 삼축압축시험을 수행하였으며 압밀시 음력경로 및 전단시 응력-변형률 관계를 분석하였다. 실험결과 모관흡수력이 증가할수록 $K_0$ 값은 작아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 불포화토의 파괴 포락선은 동일한 모관흡수력에 대하여 등방압밀조건과 $K_0$ 압밀조건에서 유사한 결과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 한계상태이론에서 사용하는 응력변수를 적용할 경우 Mohr 원을 이용하여 구하는 경우에 비하여 보다 합리적으로 강도정수를 획득할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1C호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 중금속으로 오염된 불포화토에 대한 동전기 정화 기법 적용시 발생되는 동전기 현상과 정화 특성을 실험적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사격장에서 채취한 시료에 대하여 포화도에 따른 일련의 동전기 정화 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 불포화토에서의 납은 주로 확산이중층 내부에서의 직접적인 전기이온이동에 의해 제거되었고, 만약 1V/cm의 전압경사에서 초기 오염농도가 양이온교환능 이하이고 단위토립자당 흡착량이 동일하다면 포화도 증가에 따른 납의 이동효율의 감소로 인하여 제거율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2022

Bearing capacity of shallow foundations is often determined for either dry or saturated soils. In some occasions, foundations may be subjected to external loading which is inclined and/or eccentric. In this study, the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on partially saturated coarse-grained cohesionless and fine-grained cohesive soils subjected to a wide range of combined vertical (V) - horizontal (H) - moment (M) loadings is rigorously evaluated using the well-established limit equilibrium method. The unified effective stress approach as well as the suction stress concept is effectively adopted so as to simulate the behaviour of the underlying unsaturated soil medium. In order to obtain the bearing capacity, four equilibrium equations are solved by adopting Coulomb failure mechanism and Bishop effective stress concept and also considering a linear variation of the induced matric suction beneath the foundation. The general failure loci of the shallow foundations resting on unsaturated soils at different hydraulic conditions are presented in V - H - M spaces. The results indicate that the matric suction has a marked influence on the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. In addition, the effect of induced suction on the ultimate bearing capacity of obliquely-loaded foundations is more pronounced than that of the eccentrically-loaded footings.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.285-305
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• 2024

This study investigates the behaviour of hunchback retaining walls supporting unsaturated sandy backfill under active earth pressure conditions. Utilizing a horizontal slice method and a unified effective stress methodology, the influence of various factors on lateral earth pressure, including the position of the hunch along the wall, friction angles, and wall heights, is explored. The results suggest that relocating the hunch position from close to the wall's top to near its base leads to a significant decrease (ranging from 54% to 81%) in lateral earth pressure. However, as the hunch position transitions from near the top to mid-height, the point of application of active thrust shifts upward initially, then slightly downward as the hunch position approaches the toe. Notably, the reduction in lateral earth pressure is more pronounced for shorter wall heights and higher friction angles. Building upon these findings, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based model is developed to accurately predict the lateral earth pressure coefficient and point of application, achieving R² values of 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. In addition, an analytical model based on Coulomb's earth pressure theory is presented and compared with ANN models. These models are anticipated to assist designers and practitioners in optimizing hunchback retaining walls for unsaturated backfill.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1999

To estimate the thermal effect of the vegetation canopy on the surface sublayer environment numerically, we used the combined model of Pielke's1) single layer model for vegetation and Deardorff's2) Force restore method(FRM) for soil layer. Application of present combined model to three surface conditions, ie., unsaturated bare soil, saturated bare soil and saturated vegetation canopy, showed followings; The diurnal temperature range of saturated vegetation canopy is only 20K, while saturated bare soil and unsaturated bare soil surface are 30K, 35K, respectively. The maximum temperature of vegetation canopy occurs at noon, about 2 hours earlier than that of the non-vegetation cases. The peak latent heat fluxes of vegetation canopy is simulated as a 600Wm-2 at 1300 LST. They have higher values during afternoon than beforenoon. Furthermore, the energy redistribution ratios to latent heat fluxes also increased in the late afternoon. Therefore, oasis effect driving from the vegetation canopy is reinforced during late afternoon compared with the non-vegetated conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2367-2374
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• 2013

Lysine (Lys) immobilized on zeolite 4A was prepared by a simple adsorption method. The physical and chemical properties of Lys/zeolite 4A were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis. The obtained organic-inorganic composite was effectively employed as a heterogeneous basic catalyst for synthesis of ${\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. No by-product formation, high yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity with reusability of the catalyst are the salient features of the present catalyst.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1993

다공성 지반 위를 파랑이 진행함에 따라 물과 지반의 경계면에서는 파압이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 파압은 파랑의 조건과 해저 퇴적층의 조건에 따라 해저면 내에 유효음력 및 공극수압의 변화를 유발하며 이런 변화에 의해서 해저면의 안정에 여러문제가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 탄성지반에 발생하는 공극수압과 유효응력의 문제를 해석하기 위하여 지배방정식을 유도하고 이에 적당한 경계조건을 도입하여 파랑에 의하여 지반 내에 발생하는 과잉 공극수압과 유효음력 및 파랑에 의한 액상화를 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Vegetable seed oils (VSOs) have been extracted and used not only as ingredients in food and as sources of dietary lipids, but also as sources of nutraceuticals used to overcome the various oxidative stresses that contribute to the development of diseases, including cancer and other chronic conditions. The chemical compositions and oxidative stabilities of various VSOs were therefore investigated; samples were stored for 35 d, with each oil having been tested under $O_2$ exposure, sealed from $O_2$ exposure and sealed from $O_2$ exposure while containing $O_2$ scavengers. Oxidative stability was evaluated by peroxide value (POV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), iodine value (IV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. Perilla seed and flaxseed oil were mostly composed of linolenic acid (45.5% and 59.7%, respectively), whereas pine seed oil was mostly composed of linoleic acid (48.3%). Meanwhile, camellia seed and olive oils contained 80% oleic acid, which correlated strongly with oxidative stability. The POV, p-AnV, and TBA values were the highest under $O_2$ exposure, and the lowest in the presence of $O_2$ scavengers. These results indicate that VOS oxidative stability depends not only on storage conditions, but on unsaturated fatty acid profiles as well.