• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제30권1C호
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2010

함수특성곡선은 불포화지반의 거동을 분석하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 물성으로 활용되고 있으나 많은 경우 상재하중과 세립분의 영향을 고려하지 않은 상태에서 측정되어 적용해 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국내의 대표적인 풍화토를 대상으로 상재하중과 점토의 함유량에 따른 함수특성 영향을 살펴보았다. 상재하중, 세립분, 그리고 이력 조건을 고려하여 함수특성과 불포화 투수계수를 SWCC 시험결과를 토대로 평가하였다. 또한 불포화시 습윤용적과 확산능력에 대하여도 살펴보았다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 1998

This paper present an analysis which may be used to obtain a rational design of a system of inclined piles used in preventing downhill creep of unsaturated clay formations. It uses two simple and relatively easy to measure parameters (an estimate of the maximum downhill creep together with a knowledge of the depth of the so called active zone) to calculate the required section size and the optimal spacing (pitch) of the piles for a desired efficiency of the system as a whole. Design charts are provided to facilitate the process.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the road-subsidence mechanism in unsaturated sandy soils. METHODS : A series of soil chamber tests were conducted under various conditions. RESULTS : The cavity-expansion characteristics in unsaturated sandy soils due to seepage were affected by the outlet size, seepage intensity, relative density, and fine content. CONCLUSIONS : In unsaturated sandy soils, the cavity-expansion speed was affected by the outlet size, relative density, seepage intensity, and clay content; however, the cavity-expansion shape was very similar. As the outlet size and seepage intensity increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased. As the relative density increased, the cavity-expansion speed increased because of a sudden decrease in shear strength, resulting from the increased saturation (reduction of matric suction). The cavity expanded faster with the increasing clay content, up to a certain threshold. It expanded at a slower rate once it passed the threshold. Finally, it reached a stable state where the cavity did not expand due to seepage.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 불포화 지반의 특성을 파악하고, 강우시 불포화 사면의 포화깊이에 따른 안정성을 파악하기 위해 국내 지반의 전형적인 화강풍화토(SW)에 점토(CH) 함유량 0∼30%을 변화시켜 가며 함수특성곡선 산정 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 강우로 인해 증가되는 포화깊이에 영향을 미치는 투수계수 및 suction을 구하기 위해 다짐도에 따른 강도정수 변화를 측정하였다. 침투로 인해 발생하는 지반내의 suction 변화를 점토함유량에 따라 모형 시험과 수치해석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 특히 불포화 지반에서 포화지반으로 바뀌는 과정에 잔류하는 wetting front suction은 점토함유량과 지반의 다짐도에 따라 민감하게 변화하였다. 강우시 침투수의 거동을 파악하기 위해 상용프로그램인 SEEP/W를 통해 침투해석을 수행하였고, 침투해석 결과를 연동시켜 포화깊이에 따른 사면의 안정성을 SLOPE/W 프로그램을 이용하여 포화깊이 및 점토함유량에 따라 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 해석결과를 통해 wetting front suction은 초기 포화깊이에 영향을 미치며 안전율이 변하는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2014

불포화토의 전단특성 평가는 제방구조물의 안정성과 투수특성 평가에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 낙동강 유역에서 제방 제체재료로 사용되는 모래, 점토에 대한 불포화 전단특성을 평가하기 위해 불포화 삼축시험을 수행하였다. 모관흡수력에 따른 불포화강도변화를 살펴보기 위해 다단계실험방법을 적용하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 비선형성을 고려한 겉보기 점착력($C_{max}$)에 맞추어 비교 분석하였다. 또한 실험결과를 바탕으로 선형적인 강도를 나타내는 Mohr-Columb 파괴강도를 활용할 수 있는 평균적인 ${\varphi}^b$ 값을 산출하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.419-429
• /
• 2020

To investigate the effect of spatial variability on hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils, a numerical model is set up which can simulate seepage process in an unsaturated heterogeneous soil. The unsaturated heterogeneous soil is composed of matrix sand embedded with a small proportion of clay for simulating the heterogeneity. Soil-water characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve of the unsaturated soil are expressed by Van Genuchten model. Hydraulic parameters of the matrix sand are considered as random fields. Different autocorrelation lengths (ACLs) of hydraulic parameter of the matrix sand and different proportions of clay are assumed to investigate the influence of spatial variability on the equivalent hydraulic properties of the heterogeneous soil. Four model sizes are used in the numerical experiments to investigate the influence of scale effects and to determine the sizes of representative volume element (RVE) in the numerical simulations. Through a number of Monte Carlo simulations of unsaturated seepage analysis, the means and the coefficients of variations (COVs) of the equivalent hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous soil are calculated. Simulations show that the ACL and model size has little influence on the means of the equivalent hydraulic parameters, but they have a large influence on the COVs of the equivalent hydraulic parameters. The size of an RVE is mainly affected by the ACL and the proportion of heterogeneity. The influence of spatial variability on the hydraulic parameters of the heterogeneous unsaturated soil can be used as a guidance for geotechnical reliability analysis and design related to unsaturated soils.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.292-295
• /
• 2004

Recently, polymer-clay hybrid materials have received considerable attention from both a fundamental research and application point of view. This organ-inorganic hybrid, which contains a nanoscale dispersion of the layered silicates, is a material with greatly improved thermal and mechanical characteristics. Two classes of nanocomposites were synthesized using an unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix and sodium montmorillonite as well as an organically modified montmorillonite as the reinforcing agents. X -ray diffraction pattern of the composites showed that the interlayer spacing of the modified montmorillonite were exfoliated in polymer matrix. The mechanical properties also supported these findings, since in general, tensile strength, modulus with modified montmorillonite were higher than the corresponding properties of the composites with unmodified montmorillonite. Adding organically modified clay improved the tensile strength of unsaturated polyester by $22\%$ and the tensile modulus of unsaturated polyester was also improved by $34\%$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2021

Cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is an effective groundwater detection tool in geophysical investigations. In this paper, an artificial water injection test was conducted on a small clay sample, where the high-resolution cross-borehole ERT was used to investigate the moisture migration law over time. The moisture migration path can be two-dimensionally imaged based on the relationship between resistivity and saturation. The hydraulic conductivity was estimated, and the magnitude ranged from 10^-11 m/s to 10^-9 m/s according to the comparison between the simulation flow and the saturation distribution inferred from ERT. The results indicate that cross-borehole ERT could help determine the resistivity distribution of small size clay samples. Finally, the cross-borehole ERT technique has been applied to investigate the self-sealing characteristics of clay.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

A semi-analytical solution to responses of overconsolidated (OC) unsaturated soils surrounding an expanding spherical cavity under constant suction condition is presented. To capture the elastoplastic hydro-mechanical property of OC unsaturated soils, the unified hardening (UH) model for OC unsaturated soil is adopted in corporation with a soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and two suction yield surfaces. Taking the specific volume, radial stress, tangential stress and degree of saturation as the four basic unknowns, the problem investigated is formulated by solving a set of first-order ordinary differential equations with the help of an auxiliary variable and an iterative algorithm. The present solution is validated by comparing with available solution based on the modified Cam Clay (MCC) model. Parametric studies reveal that the hydraulic and mechanical responses of spherical cavity expanding in unsaturated soils are not only coupled, but also affected by suction and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) significantly. More importantly, whether hydraulic yield will occur or not depends only on the initial relationship between suction yield stress and suction. The presented solution can be used for calibration of some insitu tests in OC unsaturated soil.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2007

국내 풍화토사면의 경우 순수 균질 사면보다는 대부분 점토 및 세립분이 섞인 비균질 상태로 존재하며 이러한 함유비율은 풍화도 및 지역에 따라 다르다. 따라서 세립분함량 변화에 따른 불포화사면에의 분석을 위해, 화강풍화토(SW)에 일정비율의 세립분(CH)을 섞어 성형한 시료를 통해 GCTS pressure plates을 이용한 함수특성곡선 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 및 침투해석결과 강우지속시간에 따른 포화깊이의 증가율은 세립분이 증가할수록 또한 상대밀도가 증가할수록 작아졌다. 또한 침투해석과 포화 및 불포화강도정수를 이용한 사면 안정성 해석결과(SLOPE/W), 전반적으로 세립분함량 $10\sim15%$의 범위까지는 침투깊이 증가에 따른 흡수력 변화가 안전율에 지대한 영향을 미치는 반면 이를 초과하는 경우(>15%)에는 오히려 세립분함량 증가에 따른 강도정수의 변화가 크게 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.