• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1991

Population dynamics of Matted sole Limanda yokohamae($G{\"{U}}NTHER$) in Tokyo bay, Japan has been studied by virtual population analysis (VPA) for multi cohort and experimental fishing. Based on the biological data, the present parameters of the Limanda yekohamae stock at the Tokyo bay, Japan were estimated as follows: natural mortality coefficient(M) were 0.313 for male and 0.250 for female, terminal fishing mortality coefficient(F) were 2.190 for male, and 0.798 for female, rate of exploitation(E) was $30\%\;to\;50\%$. From the result of virtual population analysis for multi cohort, the population size were estimated from 3,5000,000 to 9,200,000 fishes, according to the result of experimental fishing, estimated stock size were 2,400,000 to 8,700,000 fishes. Stock size difference of the two methods were about two times in 1987, however, other years has been showed from 0.8 to 1.5 times. Both method has been showed same increase and decrease tendency of the c. p. u. e. and catches. From the isopleth diagram plot by Beverton and Holt's yield per recruit, the catches could be increase two times for female, 1.3 times for male than present aspects by the fishing management. And further, as reducing fishing effort, extension of mesh size and rising the length at first caputre, are reasonable in order to manage the stock at the optimum level.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 2011

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of different fish meal and wheat flour contents in extruded pellets on the growth and apparent nutrient digestibility of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four extruded pellets (HB1, HB1T, HB2 and HB2T) were prepared using two kinds of high quality brown fish meal and low quality tuna fish meal. Two diets (HB1 and HB2) contained two different kinds of brown fish meal, respectively; in HB1T and HB2T, we substituted 50 % of the brown fish meal with 10 % wheat flour. Three replicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 82 g) were fed the experimental pellets to visual satiation for 15 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed HB1, and weight gain of fish fed HB2 was significantly higher than that of fish fed HB2T (P<0.05). Feeding efficiency for fish fed HB1 was significantly higher than that of fish fed HB1T and HB2T (P<0.05), but was not significantly different from fish fed HB2. Apparent dry matter digestibility in HB1 and HB2 was significantly higher than in HB1T and HB2T (P<0.05). The highest crude protein digestibility was observed in HB1, and protein digestibility in HB1T and HB2 was higher than in HB2T (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that fish meal quality considerably affects growth and nutrient digestibility of olive flounder fed extruded pellets, and the use of HB1 is recommended over HB1T, HB2 and HB2T for efficient olive flounder production.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.211-231
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• 2011

RYUTSUKEIRETSUKA(Vertical Marketing System) developed by the Japanese Leading Manufacturers began to turn weak with the presence of the large- scaled retail enterprises since 1980’s. Therefore the alliances between major manufacturers & large distributors that were in the conflict relations for a long time began to progress. In accordance with this change in the distribution channel practice, the stance of the distribution channel theory in Japan had also changed. As the normative researcher group who had been critical to RYUTSUKEIRETSUKA and sympathetic to the task of merchant judged that it would disappear sooner or later, they considered positively the alliances between major manufacturers & large distributors which the latter were in dominant position. On the other hand, even the empirical researchers who supported the affirmative function of RYUTSUKEIRETSUKA changed their standpoint. They recognized the new channel practice, in other words the vertical alliances between the power companies, would be the frontier of research in accordance with the impetus of positivism in terms of the Marketing methodology. Thus, researchers of distribution channel theory in Japan who supported the normative approach become few and even changed to hurry to absorb in the empirical research, while moving the main focus of the research from RYUTSUKEIRETSUKA to the Alliances. In the long run, the distribution channel theory which was regarded as the leading principle of the Japanese Marketing has just made the methodological paradigm shift. The author suggests a critical viewpoint against the current Japan’s academism with the assumption that RYUTSUKEIRETSUKA has negative aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.576-581
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• 2008

The germination responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla seeds collected from four provenances to constant temperature were investigated over the range $5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. Difference among seeds in percentage and rate of germination and cardinal temperatures was observed. The seeds from Inje had high germination percentage at low temperature ($5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$) whereas those from Gangneung had high germination percentage at high temperature ($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$). Three cardinal temperatures viz., the base ($T_b$), the maximum ($T_m$) and the optimum ($T_o$) for germination percentage and germination rate varied among four provenances. $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ for F. rhynchophylla seed germination as estimated by the quadratic models were the lowest in Inje while those were the highest in Gangneung. The cardinal temperatures ($T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$) were estimated by linear sub- and supra-optimal models for germination rate as a function of temperature response. $T_b$ was the lowest in Hoengseong while that was the highest in Gangneung. $T_m$ and $T_o$ were the lowest in Inje while those were also the highest in Gangneung. That is, the seeds from the provenance where the annual mean temperature was high had the higher cardinal temperatures ($T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$) as compared to seeds from the provenance where the annual mean temperature was low.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1721-1728
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• 2018

Objective: The use of genetic markers can help to enhance reproduction in cattle, which is a very important trait for profitability in dairy production systems. This study evaluated the association between genotypes of leptin (LEP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and chemokine receptor of interleukin 8 C-X-C motif (CXCR1) genes and fertility traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Methods: Phenotypic data from 786 Czech Fleckvieh cows raised on 5 farms in the Czech Republic were used, along with information from the 1st three parities. To determine genotype, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. Results: Except for LEP g.-963C>T, all studied genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two LEP SNPs (g.-963C>T and c.357C>T) were associated with the age at the 1st calving, days open (DO), pregnancy rate after 1st service (PR), and calving interval (CLI). In LEP g.-963C>T the TT genotype heifers firstly calved 24 days earlier than CC genotype and the CT genotype cow showed a tendency for shorter DO and higher PR. In LEP c.357C>T we observed longer CLI and DO period in TT cows. In general, we can propose the TT genotype of g.-963C>T as favorable and the TT genotype of c.357C>T as unfavorable for a cow's fertility. Heterozygotes in TLR4 c.-226C>G were significantly associated with shorter CLI, and presented a nonsignificant tendency to be associated with higher PR. In CXCR1 c.777 C>G, we did not observe any relationship of this SNP with reproduction. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that LEP could be an effective marker for improving reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. This study also provides novel insights into the relationship between TLR4 and CXCR1 SNPs and reproduction in dual-purpose cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2020

Objective: Minerals are one of the important nutrients for supporting the growth of sheep grazing in the highland, northwest of China. The experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship of both macro and micro minerals in sheep grazing in the highlands of six districts located in the Qilian Mountain of China. Methods: Samples of herbage (n = 240) and soil (n = 240) were collected at random in a "W" shape across the area designated for harvesting from 24 farms, where the sheep commonly graze in October (winter) for mineral analyses. In addition, serum samples were taken via jugular vein from 20 sheep per farm from 24 farms (n = 480 samples in total) for serum minerals analyses. Mean values of macro and micro minerals were statistically compared among districts and the correlations among soil-plant-animal were statistically analyzed and correlations were regressed, as well. Results: The results revealed that there were variations for both macro and micro minerals among districts. Statistical analysis of the correlation coefficients between herbage and sheep were significantly different for most of the minerals but not for P, Cu, and Se. Many correlation regression coefficients were found significantly different among minerals of herbage, soil, and sheep serum especially those of K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between herbage and sheep serum), and Fe and Mn (between herbage and soil), Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between soil and sheep serum), respectively. The regression coefficient equations derived under this experiment for prediction of Ca (R² = 0.618), K (R² = 0.803), Mg (R² = 0.767), Na (R² = 0.670), Fe (R² = 0.865),Zn (R² = 0.950), Mn (R² = 0.936), and Se (R² = 0.630), resulted in significant R² values. Conclusion: It is inferred that the winter herbage minerals in all the districts were below the recommended levels for macro minerals which indicated there would be some mineral deficiencies in sheep grazing the herbage in these regions. Supplemental minerals may therefore play an important role in balancing the minerals available from the herbage in winter and would lead to increased productivity in sheep on the highland areas of China. These findings could be potentially applied to the other regions for improving the livestock productivity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chitosan on the growth and yield of fall-planted potatoes. The research was carried out in fall-planted potatoes from August 2000 to Aprial 2001 at the height of 250m above sea level in Jeju Island. Soaking for 30 min. of seed potatoes in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan shortened days to emergence by 4 to 6 days. Stem length, number of stems and number of stolons per plant were 56.5 cm, 4.3, and 19.0, respectively, when seed potatoes were soaked for 30 min. in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitossan. Total potato yield in this treatment reached 2,963 kg per 10a and was significantly greater than in other treatments. Yield of marketable tubers (greater than 30g) per 10a for treatment of seed potatoes soaking in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan and for treatment of foliage spray with 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan plus chitosna power (10 kg per 10a) miximg with soil was 2,761 kg and 2,628 kg, respectively. Contents of Mg, Fe and B were the greatest in the treatment of 30 min. soaking of seed potatoes in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosanm. The increased contents of these elements are considered to have caused yield increase as a result of increased chlorophyll content for photosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.701-706
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• 1999

The crystal structure and magnetic properties of magnetic oxide system (F $e_2$ $O_3$)$_{5}$(A $l_2$ $O_3$)$_{4-x}$(G $a_2$ $O_3$)$_{x}$)SiO has been studied using X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy The changes of magnetic structure by the Ga ion substitution and the temperature variation have been investigated using Mossbauer spectroscopy, and the results are compared with those of the SQUIB measurements. Results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystal structures of the system change from a cubic spinel type to an orthorhombic via the intermediate region. This magnetic oxide system seems to be new kind of spinel type ferrites containing high concentration of cation vacancies. Various and complicated Mossbauer spectra were observed in the samples (x>0.2) at temperatures lower than room temperature. This result could be explained by freezing of the superparamagnetic dusters. On cooling and substitution, magnetic states of the system show various and multicritical properties. Unexpected dip in magnetization curves below 50K was observed in SQUID measurements. It was interpreted as an effect of spin canting including spin freezing or collective spin behavior.ior.r.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.501-510
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• 2016

Because hotels contain the cultural and artistic information of an era and plays a role as an iconic building to experience the unique regional culture, they are more than just a building. In recent years, as Jeju is emerging as a popular tourist city, a multi-functional and systematic plan for hotels is needed. Therefore, this study provides basic design data for hotel construction in the future by analyzing the public space of the luxury tourist hotels on Seogwipo-si. The public space of hotels, divided into service, food and beverage, banquet, leisure and convenience space, are categorized in terms of the cross combination type, entrance space form, plan type, unit space form to understand their relativity in the public space of hotels. This study reviewed the hotel construction based on the reference and literature, and, visited the sites to determine the current general status of hotels and then analyzed the architectural planning factors and spatial composition types.