• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop specific primers for PCR detection of Phellinus linteus. Diverse genomes of 15 Phellinus spp. including five Phellinus linteus isolates were fingerprinted by Primer Universal rice primer(URP)1F. The URP-PCR pattern differentiated P. linteus isolates from other phellinus spp. A polymorphic band(2.8 kb), which is unique for P. linteus isolates, was isolated and sequenced. Twenty four-oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed based on information of DNA sequence. The primer set(PLSPF2/PLSPR1) amplified single band(2.2 kb) of expected size with genomic DNA from seven Phellinus linteus, but not with that of other Phellinus species tested. The primers could be used identically in both DNA samples from mycelium and fruit bodies. This specific primers could offer a useful tool for detecting and identifying P. linteus rapidly.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2012

Various RFID-based smart-walk systems have been developed for guiding disabled people. The system sends appropriate message whenever the disabled people arrived at a specific point. We propose universal design concept and optimization techniques for the smart-walk systems. Universal design concept can be adopted for supporting various kinds of disabled such as a blind person, a hearing-impaired person, or a foreigner in a system. It can be supported by storing appropriate messages set in the message database table depending on the kinds of the disabled. System optimization can be done by analyzing operational log(stream) data accumulated in the system. Useful information can be extracted by analyzing or mining the accumulated operational log data. We show various analysis results from the operational log data.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

In a resource-limited wireless communication environment, various approaches to meet the ever growing application requirements in an efficient and transparent manner, are being researched and developed. Amongst many approaches, cross layer technique is by far one of the significant contributions that has undoubtedly revolutionized the way conventional layered architecture is perceived. In this paper, we propose a Universal Cross Layer Framework based on vertical layer architecture. The primary contribution of this paper is the functional architecture of the vertical layer which is primarily responsible for cross layer interaction management and optimization. The second contribution is the use of optimization cycle that comprises awareness parameters collection, mapping, classification and the analysis phases. The third contribution of the paper is the decomposition of the parameters into local and global network perspective for opportunistic optimization. Finally, we have shown through simulations how parameters' variations can represent local and global views of the network and how we can set local and global thresholds to perform opportunistic optimization.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum screw-in forces generated during the movement of various Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) file systems. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 4 groups for the following instruments: Mtwo size 25/0.07 (MTW, VDW GmbH), Reciproc R25 (RPR, VDW GmbH), ProTaper Universal F2 (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Next X2 (PTN, Dentsply Maillefer, n = 10). All the artificial canals were prepared to obtain a standardized lumen by using ProTaper Universal F1. Screw-in forces were measured using a custom-made experimental device (AEndoS-k, DMJ system) during instrumentation with each NiTi file system using the designated movement. The rotation speed was set at 350 rpm with an automatic 4 mm pecking motion at a speed of 1 mm/sec. The pecking depth was increased by 1 mm for each pecking motion until the file reach the working length. Forces were recorded during file movement, and the maximum force was extracted from the data. Maximum screw-in forces were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc comparison at a significance level of 95%. Results: Reciproc and ProTaper Universal files generated the highest maximum screw-in forces among all the instruments while M-two and ProTaper Next showed the lowest (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Geometrical differences rather than shaping motion and alloys may affect the screw-in force during canal instrumentation. To reduce screw-in forces, the use of NiTi files with smaller cross-sectional area for higher flexibility is recommended.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.485-491
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to suggest development guidelines of educational smart application for the students with development disability based on Universal Design for Learning(UDL). The basic guideline set were organized by analyzing UDL studies on different media. The totally 35 preliminary guidelines which consist of 14 items of contents presentation, 12 items of education strategy and 9 items of education engagement were settled through review of smart contents expert developer and professors in special education. Based on the preliminary guideline, a survey was conducted to determine effective guidelines among end users which consist of the teachers who educate students with disability, parents with disabled children and professors in special education major. 3 categories and 20 guidelines are presented by analyzing survey result through excluding items whose importance factor were lower than average of importance.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Information about the formation and filling (in 2014 to 2016) of a terminological dictionary on electronics and radioengineering and collective work (in 2017 to 2018) with a data bank "TERMIN" is presented in this article. In purpose of creating an instrument of navigating the modern scientific-technical space a net of terms with set semantic links is described. This set is based on the analysis of terms' definitions (each term is checked for inclusion in the definitions of all other terms; the definitions were borrowed from reputable reference editions: encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books). The created model of a system that consists of different information sources, in which it (information) is indexed by the terminology of Russian State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information rubrics and/or keywords, is described. There is an access for the search in all these sources in the system. Searching inquiries are referred to in the language of these rubrics or formulated by arbitrary terms. The system is to refer to information sources and give out relevant information. In accordance with this model, semantic links of various types, which allow expanding a search at different modalities of query, should be set among data bank terms. Obtained links will have to increase semantic matching, i.e., they can provide actual understanding of the meaning of the information that is being sought.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

MPEG-21's digital item adaptation technology becomes a new way for universal multimedia access. It needs transcoder to change media resource's format and so on according to delivery context Then, the use of heavy transcoder with various transcoding functions integrated into one altogether is so complicated and difficult in supporting universal multimedia access. Unit transcoder Is useful is to resolve this question, in which a transcoder has only one transcoding function. This requires considering how to compose a set of unit transcoders. Thus, given a set for end-to-end different service quality pairs according to the character of application as defined by user, this study suggests how to compose complete unit transcoders that can always create one and more transcoding path(s) for each pair in the set. This method has a question of creating too many transcoding paths for each pair or end-to-end different service quality. Thus, this study also suggests the algorithm that generates minimum unit transcoder sets to support multimedia adaptation with minimum unit transcoder. The algorithm suggested was implemented into multimedia stream engine, and this paper describes the results of experiment for this algorithm.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-core set (ICF-core set) for children and youth (CY) with cerebral palsy (CP) provides a useful conceptual framework and a guide for health care planning and measuring the changes brought by interventions across a multitude of dimensions from body functions to personal activities, social participation, and environmental factors for them. Objects: This single case study was reported to illustrate the use of a goal directed approach in applying the ICF-core set for CY with CP from a physical therapist perspective. Methods: An eleven year old boy with spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V, and his mother participated in an evaluation of his functioning state. The intervention goal was set through an interview using the ICF-core set, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Physical therapy was carried out on an outpatient basis using a goal directed approach for 30 min, 1 time/week during 12 weeks and the boy's gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 version (item set 2) before and after the intervention. Results: As measured by the boy's mother, the COPM score showed a meaningful clinical change (performance=mean 3.5, satisfaction=mean 2.5) and the T-score of GAS changed 34.4 after the goal directed approach. The GMFM-66 (item set 2) score changed from 31.8 to 38.7 and evaluation using the ICF-core set displayed improvement in 6 items of activity level between before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The ICF-core set for CY with CP is useful for understanding the overall functioning of CY with this condition and provides an opportunity to share and integrate information and opinions from different disciplines. We consider it as a useful tool in the universal language for the therapy and education of CY with CP.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-169
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out whether the environment is based on the Color Universal Design (CUD, CUD Recommended Color Set Guidebook), which is located in the area with the highest proportion of elderly people in the city of Busan in Korea. Five nearby parks in the walking district of Busan were selected to measure the environmental color with a spectrophotometer(Minolta CM-2600d) and web color search. The range of the color survey was limited to the pavement; public facilities(sign, benches, restroom), and exercise&sports facilities. The results of the study are as follows. Overall, the Y color group was dominant, with similar color usage and intensity, and similar levels of saturation. This was analyzed based on the Color Universal Design theory, suggesting that the visual characteristics of the elderly were not taken into account, and the Neighborhood Park located in Busan was found to lack the environmental color of consideration for the visual characteristics. In addition, this study could act as a basic study that can be applied to social and environmental colors that reflect the color perception and cognitive characteristics of the elderly.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.351-380
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• 2010

Multinational Enterprises set the prices for transactions between affiliates based principally on their global interest. But the customs authority in Korea wants to set the arm's length price as high as possible to get higher dutiable value for customs purpose, while the internal tax authority in Korea prefers lower arm's length price to get higher value for corporation tax purpose by cutting costs. Problem caused by the inconsistent valuation methods on the same imported goods of the two tax authorities is the single most important tax issue facing multinational enterprises. In the meantime, the customs authority in Korea has thought that it is a universal trend worldwide for the Customs and Internal tax authorities to adopt different methods of valuation on transfer prices between related parties, so KCS couldn't accept APA prices. But the internal tax authority in Korea has taken the initiative in APA program so NTS provided taxpayer with safe-harbor. Recently, KCS created the Advance Customs Valuation Arrangement(ACVA) provisions in the 2008 revision bill of the Customs Act through benchmarking APAs program. Can APAs work for customs? Neither WCO or OECD presents any recommendation on the integration of the valuation methods, but calls for close cooperation between two authorities, which still leaves taxpayers very unstable. We will start to seek ways to integrate the customs valuation and transfer pricing in this study.