• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Background: The correlation between hospital volume and postoperative outcomes has led to the centralization of complex procedures in several countries. However, the results reported in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are contradictory. This study aimed to analyze GC surgical volumes and 30-day postoperative mortality in Italy and to provide a simulation for modeling centralization of GC resections based on district case volumes. Methods: A national registry was used to identify all GC resections, record mortality rates, and track the national in-border GC resection health travel. Hospitals were grouped according to caseload. Centralization of all GC procedures performed within the same district was modeled. The outcome measures were a minimal volume of 25 GC resections/year and the 30-day postoperative mortality. Results: In 2018, 5,873 GC resections were performed in 498 Italian hospitals (mean resections per hospital per year: 11.8); the postoperative mortality rate (5.51%) was tracked from 2016-2018. GC resection health travel ranged from 2% to 50.5%, with a significant (P<0.001) difference between northern and central/southern Italy. The mean mortality rate was 7.7% in hospitals performing one to 3 GC resections per year, compared with 4.7% in those with >17 GC resections/year (P≤0.01). Most Italian districts achieved 25 procedures/year after centralization; however, 66.3% of GC cases in southern Italy vs. 42.2% in central and 52.7% in the northern regions (P<0.001) required reallocation. Conclusion: Postoperative mortality after GC resection correlated with hospital volume. Despite health travel, most Italian districts can reach a high-volume threshold, but discrepancies in mortality rates are alarming.Trial RegistrationResearch Registry Identifierresearchregistry6869

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1993

Unit price of meal provision in industrial foodservice differs with each business. It is believed that menu management work, contents of menu, and nutrition supply performed by dietitian are different with unit price of meal provision. In this sense, purposes of this study are to examine meal management work and contents of menu, by food cost, at industrial foodservice in Taegu, Kyungbuk area and to evaluate variety of menu and nutrition supply. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Average number of side dishes provided at meal, including Kimchi, was 2 at low unit price, 3.0 at middle unit price and 3.1 at high unit price. 2. Possession ratio of account books using for menu management was low. 3. With regard to kind of menu, high unit price was most various and showed more various, compared to low unit price, especially in cooking oil-used cook methods such as broil, pan-fried food, fry, and roast. 4. High unit price was found as the highest in kind of used food and supply volume. 5. Sugar, Mineral, Vitamine, and Protein were satisfied with standard food content, but fat and calcium were not. 6. Supply volume of food was positively correlated to supply volume of nutrient, but kinds of cook methods and food type were not correlated to that of nutrient.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2006

For development of an on-line monitoring unit of fermentation process, an auto dilution unit based on traditional chemical and biological analytical method was developed and the performance was evaluated. The dilution unit was constructed with two syringe pumps and flow direction change valves and fully automated. Total delivery volume of two pumps using distilled water was measured to confirm the operating stability And diluted concentrations of three substrate solutions (glucose, lactic acid, ethanol) were compared with a standard method with a high performance liquid chromatograph (glucose, lactic acid) and gas chromatograph (ethanol). Relative error values of total delivery volume of the pumps were below 3% and standard deviation values were 0.003 (n=5). Relative error values of diluted concentration of the dilution unit measurements were below 2% with 1/10 of dilution ratio and 70, $80{\mu}{\ell}$ of sample volume conditions for glucose and lactic acid, 1/30 of dilution ratio and $70{\mu}{\ell}$ of sample volume conditions for ethanol, respectively. In case of the ethanol, cause of the evaporative characteristics, the relative error values showed over 5% whole experimental conditions.

• Carbon letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Unidirectional polymer composites were prepared using high-strength carbon fibers as reinforcement and phenolic resin as matrix precursor with keeping fiber volume fraction at 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. These composites were carbonized at $1000^{\circ}C$ and graphitised at $2600^{\circ}C$ in the inert atmosphere. The carbonized and graphitised composites were characterized for mechanical properties as well as microstructure. Microscopic studies were carried out of the polished surface of carbonized and graphitised composites after etching by chromic acid, to understand the effect of fiber volume fraction on oxidation at fiber-matrix interface. It is found that the flexural strength in polymer composites increases with fiber volume fraction and so does for the carbonised composites. However, the trend was found to be reversed in graphitised composites. In all the carbonized composites anisotropic region has been observed at fiber-matrix interface which transforms into columnar type microstructure upon graphitisation. The extension of strong and weak columnar type microstructure is function of fiber volume fraction. SEM microscopy of the etched surface of the sample reveal that composites containing 40% fiber volume has minimum oxidation at the interface, revealing a strong interfacial bonding.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 1994

A validation of the nursing diagnosis 'fluid volume deficit' was completed by using the diagnostic content validity method. Articles pertaining to fluid volume depletion were reviewed to identify the signs and symptoms used to describe the nursing diagnosis. The topics addressed in the articles included hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, trauma, fluid balance, hydration, burn injury, thirst, dehydration. A validation instruments was constructed of 52 signs and symptoms. A validation tool was examined by expert nurses group who work on intensive care unit, kidney transplantation unit, internal medicine and general surgery unit. The study sample rated the signs and symptoms on a scale from one to five, evaluating their relevance to this diagnosis. Of the 52 signs and symptoms on the validation tool, 10 were categorized as critical indicators and 34 were categorized as defining characteristics.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2005

This paper describes on the volume change of Sewage Dredged Soils by using laboratory test and volumetric change test. The tremendous change of Moisture Content occured in the Sewage Dredged Soils during the Elapsed Time. The Unit Weight increases during the normally shrinkage limit void ratio and then the unit weight decrease. A volume of Sewage Dredged Soils according to the moisture content is a difference maximum 2.5 times. And there is the difference 3.5 times according to the change of unit weight. Therefore, the moisture content and unit weight computation are very important for the computation on the volume of Sewage Drdeged Soils.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 화강풍화대를 통과하는 슬러리 TBM 굴진 중 지표 침하 및 체적손실 산정에 관한 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 터널 천단 침하 계측 결과로부터 TBM 굴진 단계별 침하 발생 경향을 분석하였고, 횡방향 지표 침하 트라프로부터 굴진 중 체적손실 및 트라프 변수를 산정하였다. 또한, 체적손실 산정 모델을 이용하여 지반 특성과 굴진 중 측정된 기계데이터가 반영된 굴진 단계별 체적손실을 산정하였으며, 이를 실제 계측 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 슬러리 TBM의 경우 대부분의 지표침하는 쉴드 본체 통과 및 뒤채움 주입 이후 발생하는 것으로 나타났고 문헌에 보고된 총 체적손실 및 트라프 곡선 형태가 확인되었다. 실제 굴진 중 체적손실은 굴진 단계별로 쉴드손실 예측값의 90%, 테일부 손실 예측값의 60% 수준으로 분석되었고, 쉴드 손실에 비해 테일부 손실의 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1998

In this study, collapse test of thin-walled structure is performed under axially quasi-static and impact load in collapse characteristic to develop the optimum structural member for a light-oriented automobile. Furthermore, the energy-absorbing capacity is observed according to the variety of configuration(circular, square), aspect ratio in aluminum specimen to obtain basic data for the improved member of vehicle. In both quasi-static and impact collapse test, Al circular specimens collapse, in general, with axisymmetric mode in case of thin thickness while collapse with non-axisynmetric mode according to the thickness increase. For Al rectangular specimens, they collapse with axisymmetric mode in case of thin thickness, with mixed collapse mode according to the increase of thickness. In terms of initial max. load, Al square specimen turns out the best member among specimens, and then Al square, circular and circular with large scaling ratio, respectively. In case of quasi-static compression test, the absorbed energy per unit volume and mass shows higher in Al circular specimen, and then Al square, circular with large scaling ratio, respectively, according to shape ratio the absorbed energy per unit volume and mass in case of max. impact compression load is higher than that of static load. But the absorbed energy per unit volume and mass shows that Al circular specimen is the best member. Especially, unlike max. compression loan, the absorbed energy per unit volume and mass in impact test turns out the low value.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.181-183
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• 2002

The accurate permeability for preform is critical to model and design the impregnation of fluid resin in the composite manufacturing process. In this study, the in-plane and transverse permeability for a woven fabric are predicted numerically through the coupled flow model which combines microscopic with macroscopic flow. The microscopic and macroscopic flow which are flows within the micro-unit and macro-unit cell, respectively, are calculated by using 3-D CVFEM(control volume finite element method). To avoid checker-board pressure field and improve the efficiency on numerical computation, A new interpolation function for velocity is proposed on the basis of analytic solutions. The permeability of plain woven fabric is measured through unidirectional flow experiment and compared with the permeability calculated numerically. Based on the good agreement of the results, the relationships between the permeability and the structures of preform such as the fiber volume fraction and stacking effect can be understood. The reverse and the simple stacking are taken in account. Unlike past literatures, this study is based on more realistic unit cell and the improved prediction of permeability can be achieved. It is observed that in-plane flow is more dominant than transverse flow in the real flow through preform and the stacking effect of multi-layered preform is negligible. Consequently, the proposed coupled flow model can be applied to modeling of real composite materials processing.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2005

The fault detection and diagnosis technology may be applied in order to decrease the energy consumption and the maintenance cost of an air-conditioning system. In this study, partial faults for fans, coils, dampers, and sensors of a constant volume air handling unit were considered. A fuzzy algorithm was developed to detect and diagnose these faults. Diagnostic results by the fuzzy algorithm were compared with those by the model reference algorithm. The fuzzy algorithm showed better results in diagnostic accuracies.