• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Purpose : Heavy metal use when producing the block from the workshop. At this time, production of heavy metal dust and fume gives risk in human. This like heavy metal to improve seriousness through measurement and analysis. And by the quest in solution is purpose of this thesis. Materials and Methods : Organization is Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, and the object is Deajeon city 4 workshops in university hospital radiation oncology (Bismuth, Lead, Tin and cadmium). Method is the ppb the pumping it does at unit, comparison analysis. And the Calculation heavy metal standard level in air through heavy metal standard level in body and blood, so Heavy metal temporary standard set. Results : Subterranean existence room air quality the administration laws appointed Lead and Cadmium's exposure recommend that it is $3{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;2{\mu}g/m^3$. And Bismuth and Tin decides $7{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;6{\mu}g/m^3$ through standard level in air heavy metal and standard level in body and blood. Heavy metal measurement level of workshops in 4 university hospital Daejeon city compares with work existence and nonexistence. On work nonexistence almost measurement level is below the recommend level. But work existence case express high level. Also consequently in composition ratio of the block is continuous with the detection ratio. Conclusion : Worker's heavy metal contamination imbrued serious for solution founds basic part. In hospital may operation on local air exhauster and periodical efficiency check, protector offer, et al. And worker have a correct understanding part of heavy metal contamination, and have continuous interest, health control. Finally, learned society sphere administer to establishment standard level and periodical measurement. And it founds basic solution plan of periodical special health checkup.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.213-233
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• 1979

It is generally agreed that the country's population will grow up to the level of 52 million by the year of 2000 and that due the active growth of industry, urbanization and road constructions, sizable portion of existing arable lands will be utilized for other purposes than agriculture in near future. From 1966 to 1977, it was estimated that, the average annual conversion of arable lands to other uses, was 12,909 ha. If this trend persists, it is predicted that from 1978 to 1991 when the 6th Five Years Economic Development Plan will terminate, approximately 181,000 ha of arable lands will be converted for other uses again. On the other hand, it is certain that the increased population (39 million in 1981, 45 million in 1991, 52 million in 2001) and the changes in food pattern along with the enhancement of living standards will bring about the phenomenal increase in demands for not only the staple food but also the livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs, vegetables and fruits. These future increased demands for various foods, naturally mean the increased needs for the expansion of arable lands at the same time. It is predicted that, if more activities than present scale are not taken for the expansion of arable lands, the national food self sufficiency level will drop from 79% in 1977 down to 62% in 1991. To meet the increased food demands in future, there are several ways and means. These will include the increased land use intensity, elevation of unit area yield levels, minimization of conversion of arable lands to other uses and expansion of arable lands through the reclamations of idle hillside lands and tidal lands. Among these, the expansion of arable lands through reclamations of idle hillside lands and tidal lands are more positive measures to cope with the increased production of foods in future. The reclamation of hillside lands demands more attention because it needs more advanced technologies in agronomical and engineering aspects, larger scale fundings and integrated socioeconomic considerations. In agromical aspects, the thechniques for early improvement of chemical and physical properties of soils, proper soil conservation measures and rational cropping systems are of particular importance. As to the financial supports to encourage the farmings in hillside land, much bold fund inputs are essential for the construction of roads, installation of irrigation and drainage facilities, soil conservation mechanisms, which will ensure the stabilized farming with reasonable incomes in the newly reclaimed lands.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.257-272
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for morality of education in home economics education. Through research on the state of morality of education, the following criteria can be achieved ; recognition of the importance, and the level of teaching performance regarding the contents of morality education in home economics instruction. The basic data were obtained by looking at the differences between the recognized importance and the level of teaching performance. Data were collected from the survey mailed to the teachers responsible for home economics area in $\lceil$Technology${\cdot}$Home Economics$\rfloor$ in middle schools in Korea. The 335 questionnaires collected were used for final analysis. SPSS/WIN 10.0program was used for calculating and analysis the frequency, percentage, average. standard deviation. Firstly, most of the home economics teachers show that they continually try to implement morality education through each home economics lesson plan. They focus their attention on the main theme of the lesson of a particular nit, that deals with family life. For example, an excerpt from a particular unit may be the 'Understanding of myself and family members'. Most home economics teachers believe that a family setting and/or schools, whether private or public institutions, are appropriate places for productive education. As well, each of these educational settings, should take complete responsibility for teaching morality of education. As a way to activate the morality education, teachers believe that working with the students and understanding the needs of their students, along with the cooperation of parents, are key factors in the teaming process. Another way is the change of teacher's perceptions and educational conditions or environment. Secondly. home economics teachers in middle school. are showing a higher level of understanding on the importance regarding the contents of morality education, which can be noticed through the high level of their teaching performances. Regarding the importance of morality education, the first priority goes to showing respect for parents and the elderly, as well as sexual ethics and respect for life must always be taken into consideration. In regards to the level of teaching performance, the first priority goes to responsibility and co-operation. Secondly. showing respect for parents and the elderly and sexual ethics will be the third. Through data achieved through this study, the majority of home economics education teachers believe that morality education in home economics education is very important and a key factor in their teaching practices.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to develop cyber home study program on consumer life for youth in middle school students and to compare the learning effect of this program with that of teacher's off-line lecture in class. The contents of the middle school Home Economics. Technology textbooks was analyzed. Based on this analysis 4 cyber home study lesson plans on youth's consumer life were developed. The topics of lesson plan were as 'youth and consumer behavior', 'utilizing consumer information'. 'effective consumer choice', 'resolving consumer problems'. The cyber home study were composed of 5 steps which were 'guiding' $\rightarrow$ 'learning activities' $\rightarrow$ 'evaluation' $\rightarrow$ 'further study' $\rightarrow$ 'summery'. The second grade middle school students as an experimental group participated in cyber home study through on-line class. The control group of students who had same condition with the experimental group were taught by home economics teacher using traditional instructional methods in off-line class. After the experiment, the changes in consumer's attitudes and knowledge of both groups were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The significant improvements of consumer's attitudes and knowledge were found in both the experimental and control groups of students. However, the consumer's attitudes and knowledge of the students who were taught by the teacher in off-line class improved more than those of the students who studied using cyber home study program in on-line class. Thus, the following conclusion is made that the cyber home study could be one of the useful learning methods to aid traditional off-line teaching in class.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.453-463
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• 1997

The contents of high school 'Common science' textbooks was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Seven common science textbooks were selected and its contents, structure, inquiry, activities, appendix and its characteristics were investigated, and analyzed using the Goal Clusters of Project Synthesis and Romey's indices of text evaluation were calculated. The contents of each unit are not much different among textbooks because they are written according to the curriculum ordinance and textbook guidelines of the Ministry of Education. The textbooks was consist of $471{\sim}519$ pages. It was distribute similarly among the chapter of 'materials', 'forces', lives' and 'earth'. The chapter of 'energy' and 'environment' was treat significantly. The contents and structure of common science is a mere physical consolidation. I make an alternative plan that a topic form. Inquiry activities used in the textbooks are 11 type, however most of that is interpretation of data, experiment, survey and discussion. Ninety six percents of the experiment, belong to the 1st level, four percents of that belong to the 2nd level of the Schwab's inquiry level and there are no activities of the 3rd level. Little attention is given to Goal Cluster I, II, IV in the common science textbooks currently employed. Its content should be broadened to include all Goal Clusters of Project Synthesis. Homey's indices representing the degrees of student involvement. are $0.57{\sim}1.14$ for sentence analysis, $0.60{\sim}1.67$ for figure and diagram analysis, $0.67{\sim}1.50$ for analysis of questions at chapter ends, respectively, student activity per page investigated being $0.6{\sim}0.9$. But chapter summaries cease to repeats the conclusions of the chapter also it be rather formally and inattentively written.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.215-234
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• 2007

Our country security industry 1960's service expense of the beginning U.S. army unit it accomplishes the growth which is quick with start, currently about 2,500 triumph the security enterprises which it goes over are being active. But the majority in these enterprise about lower cotton can a forever characteristic with pressure and the manpower civil official ability insufficient back of faithlessness management and capital power. To sleep with afterwords it presents the security dogs deployment plan for an efficient security together from the research which it sees hereupon and it does. First, it cultivates the domestic mountain progress dog which is a breed which is suitable with the security dogs and the shovel flesh dog back with the security dogs. Specially the Jindo of the breed which is excellent training which is suitable in task of the security dogs it leads and if it uses appropriately, it industrializes our specific the Jindo and protection there is a possibility of getting the effect which falls to also the gist which it rears rightly. It cultivate the second, security dogs and it magnifies training. The security dogs consequently is it will be able to accomplish the task above 2 branches to training method. Namely, after finishing obedience training, it is to be in security activity it will execute guard or detection back special training which is suitable in task and it will be able to commit. Third, it uses the security dogs which is trained rightly in task. The security dogs the adult escorts, facility expense, the explosive and narcotic drug detection, it will be able to use with the other blind man guidance dogs back. The narcotic drug detection dogs which currently is used specially technique intelligence anger, when considering the tendency of the narcotic drug smuggling offense field which becomes diversification that the role very it is important is a possibility of saying at day. It cultivate a fourth, escort relation specialty manpower and it improves the breed of the security dogs. The hazard which cultivate the security dogs use necessary personnel the breed of security dogs, the security dogs training center it opens the security crane relation subject of the college which stands and (university) it improves it establishes and training which is suitable in task it is to do to execute letting in the training map company. Specially, the hazard which improves the breed of security dogs in the progress mind quality which stands against the portion where the breed improvement is demanded as the portion where the internal organs research and investment are necessary sees. The security dogs compares in labor cost and the expense holds few, if it uses the our specific domestic dogs it will be able to use efficiently in the task which is various it solves the multi branch plans for wisly with the security dogs industrial development security of course contemporary history sliced raw fish sees demands compared to being immediacy and the life which is happy business the place where it does it sees it will be able to contribute a lot as.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.4 s.38
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• pp.157-173
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy on the learning motivation and academic attitude toward the subject. To accomplish the purpose, teaching-learning plan using motivation(ARCS) strategy was developed and the subjects for this study were 155 End grade male students randomly chosen from four classes at a middle school in Incheon Metropolitan City. In the 5th period instruction about 'utilization of resources and environment' unit, 76 students of two classes as an experimental group received the Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy, while 79 students of two classes as a comparative group took lecture type instruction. The results of this study were as the follows 1. Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy was more effective than the lecture type instruction to improve learning motivation and positive change in academic attitude toward Home Economics subject. 2. Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy was effective to improving learning motivation regardless of their levels of students prior learning motivation and learning achievement. 3. Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy was effective to positive change in academic attitude toward Home Economics subject regardless of their levels of students Prior learning achievement and at the aspect of prior motivation to learn, the high level students were more effective than the low level students. 4. According to responses of students and teacher for Home Economics instruction using motivation(ARCS) strategy, it was effective to improving active participation and interest for Home Economics instruction.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.80-109
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• 2020

The Sacheonwangsa Temple in Silla is an esoteric temple that was founded provisionally in 670, and was completed in 679. This study attempted to elucidate the planning method of the Sacheonwangsa Temple based on the results of research on excavations and investigations into its construction processes and construction measures thereof. The research results are as follows. (1) In the site construction, assuming the size of one Bang (坊) on the south of Nangsan Mountain, after dividing the north-south width into three equal parts, there is a possibility that two of these parts were set to the flat portion. (2) In the 'Jochang (祖創, 670)', it is estimated that an area of 300 cheoks by 300 cheoks was postulated on the flat surface, and, as an initial conception, the mandala's plane design of the outer square 2 hasta (3 cheoks) and inner square 1 hasta (1.5 cheoks) was originally devised for the setting of 'Mudra (神印)', and an area 100 times greater has been set as the basis in the scale and layout planning of the central block. (3) During 'Gaechang (攺刱, ~679)', it is judged that because of the narrowness of the distance between the Pagoda and Geumdang Hall, which occurs when the center of the Geumdang Hall coincides with the center of 'the first stage of the foundation (先築基壇)', the scale and layout planning were adjusted from the initial conception. (4) The arrangement of the building was determined by dividing the fixed size of the central block (280 cheoks by 320 cheoks). Specifically, the east-west direction is set on the quartile's line of the east-west width of the central block, and in contrast, the north-south direction is based on the structural characteristics of the central block. It is presumed that the position of the transept was determined through the division and adjustment of the column spacing of the east-west corridor, then the Geumdang Hall and Altar were based on this. (5) The scale of the Geumdang Hall and Pagoda is determined by the petition of the division by the unit fraction starting from the quartile's line of the central block's east-west width. This planning is understood to be based on the self-similarity, which is rooted in the mandala's plane design as the model.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.2-15
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• 1982

In this report, a total domestic demand for major commercial fertilizer for crop production in Korea up to 1996 was estimated. The agricultural products and area for demand for both 1982 and 1986 was quoted from the estimate of the 5th Five-year Economic plan. And the demands estimated for 1991 and 1996 reflected possible changes of diet from cereal to meat and their indirect effects on the increase of cereal consumption. As the advanced countries followed, consequently, the demands for soybean, corn and other feed grains were expected to be increased as well as the land for growing those crops. 1. Total annual demands for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were estimated 1,050,000M/T, 1,110,000M/T, 1,280,000M/T and 1,010,000M/T for the year 1982, 1986, 1991, and 1996 respectively. 2. It was assumed that there would be difficulties in self-sufficiency of grains at the cost of the maximum utilization of land and fertilizers in 1996. 3. It was clear that the increase of the productivity per unit area is possible by improving the conditions of arable land which could resulted a self-sufficiency of food in Korea. As a consequence, the demand for fertilizers at that time would exceed the level of estimates. 4. The recent decrease in demand for commercial fertilizers (currently estimated 850,000M/T) was due to an inadequate application of fertilizers for respective crop reqirement. This inadequacy should be checked and encouraged the consumptions of fertilizers to be increased by supporting the price of grain.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, the change to a more complex social structure has led to an increased frequency of traumas due to violence, accident and so on. In addition, the severity of the traumas and the frequency of penetrating injuries have also increased. Traumas to cervical and abdominal areas, what are commonly seen by general surgeons, can have mild to fatal consequences because in these areas, various organs that are vital to sustaining life are located. The exact location and characteristics of the injury are vital to treating patients with the trauma to these areas. Thus, with this background in mind, we studied, compared, and analyzed clinical manifestations of patients who were admitted to Wonju Christian hospital for penetrating injuries inflicted by themselves or others. Methods: We selected and performed a retrospective study of 64 patients who had been admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital from January 2005 to December 2009 and who had cervical or abdominal penetrating injuries clearly inflicted by themselves or others. Results: There were 51 male (79.7%) and 13 female (20.3%) patients, and the number of male patients was more dominant in this study, having a sex ratio of 3.9 to 1. The range of ages was between 20 and 86 years, and mean age was 43.2 years. There were 5 self-inflicted cervical injuries, and 19 self-inflicted abdominal injuries, making the total number of self-inflicted injury 24. Cervical and abdominal injuries caused by others were found in 11 and 29 patients, respectively. The most common area involved in self-inflicted injuries to the abdomen was the epigastric area, nine cases, and the right-side zone II was the most commonly involved area. On the other hand, in injuries inflicted by others, the left upper quadrant of the abdomen was the most common site of the injury, 14 cases. In the neck, the left-side zone II was the most injured site. In cases of self-inflicted neck injury, jugular vein damage and cervical muscle damage without deep organ injury were observed in two cases each, making them the most common. In cases with abdominal injuries, seven cases had limited abdominal wall injury, making it the most common injury. The most common deep organ injury was small bowel wounds, five cases. In patients with injuries caused by others, six had cervical muscle damage, making it the most common injury found in that area. In the abdomen, small bowel injury was found to be the most common injury, being evidenced in 13 cases. In self-inflicted injuries, a statistical analysis discovered that the total duration of admission and the number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were significantly shorter and smaller, retrospectively, than in the patient group that had injuries caused by others. No statistically significant difference was found when the injury sequels were compared between the self-inflicted-injury and the injury-inflicted-by-others groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that, in self-inflicted abdominal injuries, injuries limited to the abdominal wall were found to be the most common, and in injuries to the cervical area inflicted by others, injuries restricted to the cervical muscle were found to be the most common. As a whole, the total duration of admission and the ICU admission time were significantly shorter in cases of self-inflicted injury. Especially, in cases of self inflicted injuries, abdominal injuries generally had a limited degree of injury. Thus, in our consideration, accurate injury assessment and an ideal treatment plan are necessary to treat these patients, and minimally invasive equipment, such as laparoscope, should be used. Also, further studies that persistently utilize aggressive surgical observations, such as abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, for patients with penetrating injuries are needed.