• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The wandering spider, Pardosa astrigera, had four pairs of ocelli that arranged in three rows on the cephalothorax. Along the anterior margin lay a pair of small anterior median (AM) eye flanked on each side by anterior lateral (AL) eye. Two large posterior median (PM) eye was situated on the clypeus behind the anterior row and still more posteriorly was a pair of posterior lateral (PL) eye. The visual cell of retina consisted of cell body, rhabdome, and intermediate segment. Bipolar neuron was found in anterior median eye (principal eye) and unipolar neuron in others (secondary eye). Rhabdome showed that arranged in PMeye and PLeye. But rhabdomes of AMeye and ALeye were irregular in retina. Except AMeye, incontinuous tapetum found in ALeye, PMeye, PLeye. Anterior median eye was similar to anterior lateral eye in length and posterior median eye similar to posterior lateral eye. Component size of eye were similar to 4 pairs eye in cornea. Size of lens, cell body, and rhabdome was similar not only anterior median eye and anterior lateral eye but also posterior median eye and posterior lateral eye. Vitreous body was large posterior median eye than others.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

Authors report a case of poststroke bipolar disorder that occurs much less frequently than poststroke depression(PSD). A MRI study performed to identify the etiology of a secondary manic episode in a patient with preceded PSD after left basal ganglia infarction revealed newly developed right basal ganglia infarction associated with poststroke bipolar disorder. It is interesting to note that (1) the temporal relationship was found between the occurrence of PSD after left hemisphere stroke and the occurrence of poststroke bipolar disorder following right hemisphere stroke, and that (2) the occurrence of PSD and the occurrence of poststroke bipolar disorder are associated with lesion location respectively. It has been reported that bipolar disorders were associated with subcortical lesions of the right hemisphere, whereas right-cortical lesions led to unipolar mania and that risk factors for mania included a family history of psychiatric disorders and mild subcortical atrophy. In this case, MR image shows subcortical lesions of the right hemisphere and mild subcortical atrophy. The investigation of the relationships among stroke lesion locations and potstroke mood disorders and risk factors for poststroke bipolar disorder may contribute to understanding the neurobiology of primary mood disorder. A clinical implication is that the risk of secondary bipolar disorder after cerebral infarction should be highlighted.

• Maritime Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-123
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• 2021

Seoul is under increasing pressure to choose between the US-led IndoPacific Strategy (IPS) and China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Accordingly, this paper undertakes a detailed appraisal of the IPS and the BRI in the context of Korea's national policy imperatives. Based on a study of network structure by Daniel Nexon and Thomas Wright (2007), the present study seeks to identify a particular network structure within the IPS and the BRI. Through this analysis, the relationship between the core and the participant states will be addressed. Awareness of specific configurations of the IPS and the BRI is important as these reveal what participant states can expect from each network. According to Nexon and Wright, there are four types of network structure: unipolar anarchy, hegemonic order, constitutional order, and imperial order. Based on this, we argue that the IPS has a constitutional order and the BRI has an imperial order. Therefore, we suggest to Seoul that participating in the IPS may make more room for an independent foreign policy than would a BRI partnership with China. South Korea would benefit by participating in the IPS in terms of its national security, striking a favourable regional balance of power.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

There is a difficulty because of classifying the anatomical structure in the neck CT scan by the beam hardening artifact no more than disease and it including the 6, 7 number cervical spine and intervertebral disk. In case of enforcing the neck CT scan cause of the inner diameter of beam artifact tried to be inquired by the image evaluation according to the change of the image evaluation according to the direction of the shoulder joint applying the variation method of a posture and location and Kernel value and it was most appropriate, the lion tax and Kernel value try to be searched for through an experiment. Somatom Sensation 16 (Siemens, Enlarge, Germany) equipment was used in a patient 30 people coming to the hospital for the neck CT scan. A workstation used the AW 4.4 version (GE, USA). According to a direction and location of the shoulder joint, the patient posture gave a change to the direction of the shoulder joint as the group S it gave a change as three postures and placed the both arms comfortably and helps a group N and augmented unipolar left in the wealthy merchant and group P it memorized the both hands and ordered the eversion and drops below to the utmost and enforced a scan. By using a reconstructing method as the second opinion, it gave and reconstructed the Kernel value a change based on scan data with B 10 (very smooth), B 20 (smooth), B 30 (medium smooth), B 40 (medium), B 50 (medium sharp), B 60 (sharp), and B 70 (very sharp). By using image data which gave the change of the examination posture and change of the Kernel value and are obtained, we analyzed through the noise value measurement and image evaluation of. The outside wire eversion orders the both hands and the examination posture is cost in the neck CT scan with the group P it drops below to the utmost. And in case of when reconstructing with B 40 (medium) or B 50 (medium sharp) being most analyzed into the inappropriate posture and Kernel value and applying the Kernel value to a clinical, it is considered to be very useful.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Non-human primates are widely used for experimental animal and raised as companion animal in Korea. To establish the electrocadiogram (ECG) of non-human primates that are domestically raised, the author measured bipolar limb leads and augmented unipolar limb leads, after tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ) injection as sedative agents. The amplitudes of P,Q, R,S and T wave and duration time of P wave, QRS complex, PR and QT interval in each lead of ECG were evaluated in 7 non-human primates at 15 minutes after TZ injection, respectively. The amplitude of P wave in I, II,III, aVR, aVL and aVF leads revealed 0.06$\pm$ 0.05,0.14$\pm$ 0.05, 0.1 $\pm$ 0.05,-0.11 $\pm$ 0.06,-0.04$\pm$ 0.04 and 0.12$\pm$ 0.05 mV respectively. The amplitude of Q wave revealed -0.16$\pm$ 0.15, -0.23$\pm$ 0.18, -0.17$\pm$ 0.13, 0.16$\pm$0.13, 0.04$\pm$ 0.09 and -0.2$\pm$0.13 mV, respectively. The amplitude of R wave revealed 0.56$\pm$0.56, 1.24$\pm$ 0.67, 0.92$\pm$0.33, -0.37$\pm$ 1.14, -0.22$\pm$ 0.47 and 1.12 $\pm$ 0.47 mV, respectively. The amplitude of S wave revealed -0.02$\pm$ 0.08, -0.04$\pm$0.06, -0.06$\pm$0.04, 0.02$\pm$0.04, 0.04$\pm$0.09 and -0.04 $\pm$ 0.06 mV, respectively. The amplitude of T wave revealed -0.01 $\pm$ 0.15,-0.02$\pm$ 0.13, 0.01 $\pm$ 0.08, 0.02$\pm$ 0.12, 0.01 $\pm$ 0.11 and -0.03$\pm$ 0.09 mV, respectively. The duration time of P wave revealed 0.05 $\pm$ 0.01, 0.04$\pm$ 0.01, 0.05$\pm$ 0.02, 0.05 $\pm$ 0.02, 0.04$\pm$ 0.01 and 0.04$\pm$ 0.01 sec, respectively. The duration time of QRS complex revealed 0.05 $\pm$ 0.02,0.05$\pm$ 0.01, 0.05 $\pm$ 0.01, 0.04$\pm$ 0.01, 0.05$\pm$ 0.01 and 0.05 $\pm$ 0.01 sec, respectively. The duration time of PR interval revealed 0.08$\pm$ 0.01, 0.07$\pm$0.01,0.08$\pm$ 0.03, 0.08$\pm$0.01, 0.08$\pm$ 0.01 and 0.08$\pm$0.01 sec, respectively. The duration time of QT interval revealed 0.23$\pm$ 0.06, 0.22$\pm$ 0.05, 0.23 $\pm$ 0.06, 0.23$\pm$ 0.06, 0.24$\pm$ 0.05 and 0.22$\pm$ 0.02 sec, respectively. No significant changes were observed in e amplitude of P and T waves. The amplitude of QRS complex in ketamine group was higher than that of TZ group. However, no significant changes were observed in both intra-group and inter-group. There were no significant changes in the duration time of P wave, QRS complex and PR interval obtained from both groups. Also, the duration time of QT interval in TZ group was significantly longer at 30 min.(P< 0.05) an that of 10 minutes after injection. However, significant difference was not found between two groups. The mean cardiac electric axis in ketamine group tended to decrease until 30 min. after injection and then gradually increase. However, mean cardiac electric axis of TZ group was increased until 30 min. after injection and then decreased. But significant differences were not observed between groups. These results suggest that the ECG pattern after TZ injection to non-human primates reared in korea was established. It was also considered that the injection of ketamine and TZ didn't significantly affect on ECG pattern of the non-human primates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.319-337
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• 1997

The electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in the normal Korean black goat have been measured with a 3-channel Electrocardiograph and computed, analyzed. ECG in 243 black goats were made with the limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF), that were recorded conduction parameters of wave and interval, and were analyzed as to shape and amplitude of the P and T waves and the components of the QRS complex. Heart rate were recorded by the ECG which were a mean of 106.1$\pm $21.8 beats/min. Average conduction times in the PR, the QRS complex and the QTc interval were recorded 103.9$\pm $34.9 msec., 58.3$\pm $23.2 msec. and 302.6$\pm $67.8 msec., in the P and T wave duration recorded 24.8$\pm $6.4 msec. and 51.7$\pm $10.8 msec. respectively. The shape of wave in each leads were observed various types, and any spacial wave type appeared the highest frequency in each lead that ware shown less than 60%, and these frequent rate and average amplitudes as fallow: 1. In P waver the frequent rate and average amplitudes of the positive type showed in leads I, II and aVL that were 54.8% (93.0$\pm $ 33.2 $\mu $V), 50.5% (90.1$\pm $30.5 $\mu $V) and 41.7% (58.5$\pm $ 31.1 $\mu $V). Average amplitude of the negative type showed the frequent rate of 49.8% in lead aVE which was -77.6$\pm$ 25.2 $\mu $V. Biphasic type in leads III and aVF were 46.1% (108.4 $\mu $V, -90.2 $\mu $V.) and 45.7% (137.4 $\mu $V, -105.4 $\mu $V.), and amplitudes between positive and negative of it were significant difference. 2. The highest amplitudes of the QRS complex in all leads were 534.8$\pm $ 232.3 $\mu $V of lead II. The frequent rate and amplitudes of the R wave type in the I, II, III and aVF were 30.2% (277.8 $\pm $131.3 $\mu $V), 45.1% (393.1$\pm $114.2 $\mu $V), 48.5% (349.3$\pm $178.3 $\mu $V) and 54.9% (334.4$\pm $129.7 $\mu $V), and QS ways type in the lead aVL was 49.5% (359.2$\pm $195.5$\mu $V), and RS and QS wave types in the lead a VR were 43.3% (312.4 $\mu $V, -212.7 $\mu $V.) and 41.1% (399.2$\pm $92.2 $\mu $V), respectively. 3. In T wave, the frequent rata and amplitudes of the positive type in the leads I, II, III and aVF were 44.6% (207.9$\pm $ 97.1 $\mu $V), 41.6% (245.1$\pm $92.1 $\mu $V), 46.9% (189.8$\pm $ 82.7 $\mu $V) and 53.0% (195.4197.8 $\mu $V), and the negative in the lead aVR was 41.2% (-230.7$\pm$ 103.1 $\mu $V), respectively. The positive and negative types in the lead aVe appeared with same frequent rate of 43.2%.4. Frontal plane vectors for P, QRS, and T were found to lie at 38.1$\pm $ 21.5, 142.0$\pm $ 57.2, and 117.2$\pm $ 63.9 degrees, respectively. These results in ECG of goats may be served to the limited purposes as to conduction parameters, arrhythmias except abnormal ECG because of waveforms, amplitudes and electrical axis of it were variability.