• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1109-1113
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion temperature on puffing of white and red ginseng powder. The extrusion variables were feed material (red and white ginseng powder) and die temperature $(100\;and\;115^{\circ}C)$. The analyzed characteristics of ginseng extrudates were sectional expansion index, microstructure and rheological properties. Most of biopolymer was highly puffed at higher extrusion temperature, but the cross-sectional expansion of white and red ginseng powder was higher at 1000e and longitudinal expansion seems to higher at $115^{\circ}C$. White and red ginseng powder were puffed inconsistently and discontinuously at $115^{\circ}C$. The scanning electron microphotograph of extruded white ginseng was uniform air cell distribution at 100oe, but pore size increased at $115^{\circ}C$ and had fine uniformity due to pore explosion. White ginseng and its extrudate were pseudoplastic. Intrinsic viscosity was lower as a result of increased die temperature. The cross-sectional expansion seems to be inconsistent and decreased due to decrease in melt viscosity at $115^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

In buildings on the street, indiscriminate redevelopment are being made by overlooking the relationship with surrounding landscape to create their own unique meaning, due to industrialization progressed rapidly with human needs of longing for something constantly. Selection and methods of two plans, conservation and utilization should be required, considering heritage values on industrial buildings which are being lost and aged in this redevelopment higher. The attempt for the use of modern industrial heritage becomes a hot topic, and several experimental challenges are being made. However, there are rather many cases of causing industrial buildings' depreciation and one-size-fits-all reproduction performance as it applies other examples as standards by recognizing the reproduction of modern industrial heritage as one trend, not focusing on the trend of the times or paradigm, what the times want. To minimize these problems, we focus on how to utilize industrial buildings beyond the importance of industrial buildings' reproduction, considering the quality of local residents' life as well as the expected effect obtainable due to security of local identity and reproduction of buildings, focusing on the concept of community design that offers and forms a way of community life as the design of shares based on unspecified individuals' common life. Community design's core can be called to have diversity rather than undifferentiated unity by pursuing whole unification, since local residents become those who plan design and all people participate in it. In addition, community design achieves integration with other fields as an enlarged design area without limiting in an environmental area, by making indigenously natural characteristics combined with cultural factors in one context so that people may understand the flow of the place. The importance of effects acquired from modern industrial heritage's reproduction has well-known, and the attempt for utilizing aged heritage as a new value and a function has constantly been made. Now, it's time to focus on how long it lasts through this method, rather than modern industrial heritage's reproduction itself. There can be a significance in this study in proposing methodological solutions on modern industrial heritage's reproduction, not to cause depreciation of industrial buildings by recognizing contemporary trends and uniform regeneration performance, multifaceted research is needed for creative, effective development on modern industrial heritage which will occur constantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.271-274
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• 2016

CT quality assurance imaging evaluation and enforcement as quantitative assessment by phantom image evaluation, assessment items include There are also contrasting the water attenuation coefficient, uniformity, noise, resolution, spatial resolution, 10mm slice thickness evaluation, contrast resolution, space for the resolution, the slice thickness evaluation, it is possible to estimate the error due to the evaluation by the subjective judgment of the tester, using a subjective error image processing program to be computed to minimize the objective evaluation. Basic recording conditions of the CT image quality control assessment is the same as special medical equipment quality control checks, the images were evaluated quantitatively using IMAGE J. For a CT attenuation coefficient, the uniformity, noise evaluation, were evaluated as CT quality control image the standard deviation of the measured value of the digital processing of image smaller and less noise uniform images than the, contrast and resolution assessment is the size of the diameter of a circle having a large the 1 inch, 0.75 inch, 0.5 inch quality if the diameter of the circle, was evaluated in the small circle in the near circle ellipse. Spatial resolution is evaluated by using a self-extracting features of an image processing program, all of the groups of members comprising the acceptance criteria to automatically extract, was evaluated to be very useful for the quantitative assessment. When CT image quality control assessment on the basis of the results such as the above, if using an image processing program to minimize the subjective judgment of the error evaluator and is determined more efficient than would be made quantitative evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2008

Pollen grains of 17 taxa (14 species with two additional subspecies and one variety) of genera Patrinia Juss. and Nardostachys DC. in tribe Patrinieae (Valerianaceae) were studied using light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Pollen grains are medium ($37.41{\times}43.60{\mu}m$ - $45.65{\times}48.50{\mu}m$) to large ($54.88{\times}59.41{\mu}m$ - $61.70{\times}71.00{\mu}m$) in size, tricolpate (rarely tetracolpate) with the characteristic halo surrounding the aperture. In equatorial view, the pollen is oblate to subprolate, and in polar view, it is mostly circular or rarely 3-lobed. Two major pollen types are recognized on the basis of exine sculpturing patterns; Type I: Exine is composed of echinae together with sparse or dense microechinae, and verrucae shallow or rarely absent (Nardostachys and sections Paleopatrinia, and Monanadropatrinia of Patirinia). - Type II: Exine is composed of massive echinae together with dense microechinae, and prominent verrucae (section Centrotrinia of Patrinia). In TEM sections, columellae are extended from the footlayer into verrucae, and exine thickness is uniform at the pole and equator. Additionally, the infrageneric classification systems of the Patrinieae were evaluated on the basis of the present data.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

To develop array magnetic sensors, specular-type giant magnetoresistive- spin valve (GMR-SV) film of Glass/Ta(5)MiFe(7)/IrMn(10)NiFe(5)/$O_2$/CoFe(5)/Cu(2.6)/CoFe(5)/$O_2$/NiFe(7)/Ta(5)(nm) was deposited by using a high-vacuum sputtering system. One of 15 way sensors in the area of $8{\times}8mm^2$ was Patterned a size of $20{\times}80{\mu}m^2$ in multilayer sample by Photo-lithography. All of 15 sensors with Cu electrodes were measured a uniform magnetic properties by 2-probe method. The highest magnetic sensitivity of MR and output voltage measured nearby an external magnetic field of 5 Oe were MS = 0.5%/Oe and ${\triangle}$V= 3.0 mV, respectively. An easy-axis of top-free layers of $CoFe/O_2/NiFe$ with shape anisotropy was perpendicular to one of bottom-pinned layers $IrMn/NiFe/O_2/CoFe$. When the sensing current increased from 1 mA to 10 mA, the output working voltage uniformly increased and the magnetic sensitivity was almost stable to use the nano-magnetic devices with good sensitive properties.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2012

The uniform nanofibers of poly(L-lactide-$co$-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) (PLCL) with different contents of marine collagen (MC) were successfully prepared by electrospinning method. The effects of the major parameters in electrospinning process such as tip to target distance (TTD), voltage, nozzle size and flow rate on the average diameter of the electrospun nanofiber were investigated in generating composite nanofiber. The diameter and morphology of the nanofibers were confirmed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, we measured a water contact angle to determine the surface wettability of the nanofibers. The average diameter of the nanofibers decreased as the value of TTD, MC contents, and voltages increased in comparison with that of pristine PLCL nanofiber. In contrast, the diameter of the nanofibers increased as the flow rate and inner diameter of nozzle increased in comparison with that of pristine PLCL. In addition, the hydrophilicity of the nanofiber and attachment of MG-63 cells on the sheets increased as incorporated collagen contents increased. Therefore, the marine collagen would be a potential material to enhance cellular interactivity of synthetic materials by mimicking the natural tissue.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.518-525
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• 2013

To improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) biocomposites reinforced with sulfuric acidtreated green algae (SGA), SGA/graphite nanoplatelets (GNP)/PP biocomposites were prepared and their properties were evaluated depending on the particle size and content of GNP. The flexural and impact strength of SGA/GNP/PP biocomposites decreased with the addition of GNP, whereas the flexrual and storage moduli were greatly improved with increasing GNP loading. SGA/GNP/PP biocomposites reinforced with GNP5 showed generally better mechanical properties compared to that reinforced with GNP15 mainly due to the improved dispersion of the smaller GNP. SGA/GNP/PP biocomposites reinforced with GNP5 showed a lower resistance to the thermal expansion because the relatively uniform dispersion of smaller GNP was responsible for the effective heat transfer to the polymer matrix. As a result, SGA/GNP/PP biocomposite was acceptable for the general purpose application due to the improved flexural resistance, storage moduli, and damping characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2010

We grew multi-stacked InAs/$In_{0.1}Ga_{0.9}As$ DWELL (dot-in-a-well) structure by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and investigated optical properties by photoluminescence and I-V characteristics by dark current measurement. When stacking InAs quantum dots (QDs) with same growth parameter, the size and density of QDs were changed, resulting in the bimodal emission peak. By decreasing the flow rate of TMIn, we achieved the uniform multi-stacked QD structure which had the single emission peak and high PL intensity. As the growth temperature of n-type GaAs top contact layer (TCL) is above $600^{\circ}C$, the PL intensity severely decreased and dark current level increased. At bias of 0.5 V, the activation energy for temperature dependence of dark current decreased from 106 meV to 48 meV with increasing the growth temperature of n-type GaAs TCL from 580 to $650^{\circ}C$. This suggest that the thermal escape of bounded electrons and non-radiative transition become dominant due to the thermal inter-diffusion at the interface between InAs QDs and $In_{0.1}Ga_{0.9}As$ well layer.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.381-390
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• 2016

In this study, the natural mordenite (MOR) zeolite seeds were used for the synthesis of high purity mordenite crystals. The effect of seed concentration and crystallization time on the phase purity and surface morphology of MOR crystals has also been reported. The diffraction, elemental and scanning analysis of MOR zeolite particles obtained from 100 g hydrothermal solution batch containing 3 g natural seed, hydrothermally treated at $140^{\circ}C$ for 72 h reveal the high phase-purity of as-synthesized sample having crystals of uniform size ($1-2{\mu}m$). Moreover, high seed concentration leads to the production of mesoporous MOR particles composed of needle shape primary nano crystallites. The gases adsorption performances of as-synthesized MOR particle were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$ and 0-1 bar. Surprisingly, MOR particles show good adsorption potential for $CO_2$ (97.19 mg/g) compared to other gases. Thus it confirms that high purity MOR particles can be synthesized without using any organic template which gives an advantage of separation performance at lower price.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.41-51
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• 2012

Soils are commonly unsaturated in the near surface. The stiffness of soils is affected by the amount of air and water. The objective of this study is to evaluate the porosity of the unsaturated soils by using the elastic waves including compressional and shear waves. The elastic waves are measured at different degrees of saturation by controlling the matric suction. Thus, the unsaturated soils are characterized at different levels of the matric suction. Shear and compressional waves are measured by using the bender elements and the piezo disk elements, respectively. Both transducers are installed on the walls of the rectangular cell. The unsaturated soils are prepared by using uniform size sands and silts. Test results show that both compressional and shear wave velocities change according to the matric suction. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and the Poisson's ratio are estimated based on the measured elastic wave velocities. In addition, the void ratio of the unsaturated soils estimated using elastic wave velocities matches well with the volume based void ratio. This study demonstrates that the elastic waves can be effectively used for the characterization of unsaturated soils.