• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2002

암반파괴의 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인장강도는 등방의 암석과 횡등방의 암석의 경우는 분명히 다를 것이다. 본 논문에서는 일축압축강도시험에서 횡등방 암석의 탄성정수를 구하고, 간접인장강도시험을 통하여 횡등방 암석의 인장강도와 인장파괴 거동을 분석하였다. 일축압축시험에서 구한 이방성 탄성정수와 간접인장강도시험에서 얻어진 변형률로 시료중앙의 응력집중계수를 구하여, 등방으로 가정하여 구한 인장강도 값과 이방성일때의 인장강도 값을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과 횡등방성 암석의 응력집중계수는 층리면의 각도에 따라서 등방재료의 응력집중계수와는 크거나 작은 값을 나타내었다. 횡등방 암석의 인장강도 산정시 등방의 응력집중계수를 사용하는 것은 층리면이 이루는 각도에 따라 인장강도의 과대 혹은 과소 평가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2012

The forming failure of AZ31 alloy sheet during deep drawing processes was predicted by the FEM and ductile fracture criteria. Uniaxial tensile tests of round-notched specimens and FE simulations were performed to calculate the critical damage values for three ductile fracture criteria. The critical damage values for each criterion were expressed as a function of strain rate at various temperatures. In order to determine the best criterion for failure prediction, Erichsen cupping test under isothermal conditions at $250^{\circ}C$ were conducted. Based on the plastic deformation histories obtained from the FE analysis of the Erichsen cupping tests and the critical damage value curves, the initiation time and location of fracture were predicted under bi-axial tension deformation. The results indicate that the Cockcroft-Latham criterion had good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the FE analysis combined with the criterion was applied to another deep drawing process using an irregular shaped blank and these additional results were verified with experimental tests.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.390-398
• /
• 2010

암석의 시간의존성 거동은 지하 광산 설계나 지하 암반구조물의 장기 안정성 평가를 위한 기본 입력자료로써 사용되는 매우 중요한 특성이다. 본 연구에서는 가곡광산에서 채취한 화강암 시험편에 대해 일축압축 크리프시험을 실시하였다. 측정된 크리프 변형률을 모사하기 위하여 Burgers 모형, Griggs 크리프법칙, Singh 크리프법칙을 사용하였으며 이중에서 Griggs 크리프법칙이 가곡광산 화강암의 실제 크리프 변형 거동을 가장 우수하게 모사하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.840-845
• /
• 2014

Vibration profiles consist of two kinds of pattern, random and harmonic, at general engineering problems and the detailed vibration test mode of a target system is decided by the spectral condition that is exposed under operation. In moving mobility, random responses come generally from road source; whereas the harmonic responses are triggered from rotating machinery parts, such as combustion engine or drive shaft. Different spectral input may accumulate different damage in frequency domain since the accumulated fatigue damage dependent on the pattern of input spectrum in high cyclic loading condition. To evaluate the sensitivity of spectral damage according to different loading conditions, a linear elastic system is introduced to conduct a uniaxial vibration testing. Measured data, acceleration and strain, is analyzed using energy isocline function and then, the calculated fatigue damage is compared by different loading cases, random and harmonic.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제4권6호
• /
• pp.607-627
• /
• 2013

The application of shape memory alloys (SMAs) to the seismic response reduction of civil engineering structures has attracted growing interest due to their self-centering feature and excellent fatigue performance. The loading rate dependence of SMAs raises a concern in the seismic analysis of SMA-based devices. However, the implementation of micromechanics-based strain-rate-dependent constitutive models in structural analysis software is rather complicated and computationally demanding. This paper investigates the feasibility of replacing complex rate-dependent models with rate-independent constitutive models for superelastic SMA elements in seismic time-history analysis. Three uniaxial constitutive models for superelastic SMAs, including one rate-dependent thermomechanical model and two rate-independent phenomenological models, are considered in this comparative study. The pros and cons of the three nonlinear constitutive models are also discussed. A parametric study of single-degree-of-freedom systems with different initial periods and strength reduction factors is conducted to examine the effect of the three constitutive models on seismic simulations. Additionally, nonlinear time-history analyses of a three-story prototype steel frame building with special SMA-based damping braces are performed. Two suites of seismic records that correspond to frequent and design basis earthquakes are used as base excitations in the seismic analyses of steel-braced frames. The results of this study show that the rate-independent constitutive models, with their parameters properly tuned to dynamic test data, are able to predict the seismic responses of structures with SMA-based seismic response modification devices.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.539-550
• /
• 2018

Concrete is highly non-linear material which is originating from the transition zone in the form of micro-cracks, governs material response under various loadings. In this paper, the constitutive models published by many researchers have been used to generate novel stiffness parameters and constitutive curves for concrete. Following such linear material formulations, where the energy is conservative during the curvature, and a nonlinear contribution to the concrete has been made and investigated. In which, nonlinear concrete elastic modulus modeling has been developed that is capable-of representing concrete elasticity for grades ranging from 10 to 140 MPa. Thus, covering the grades range of concrete up to the ultra-high strength concrete, and replacing many concrete models that are valid for narrow ranges of concrete strength grades. This has been followed by the introduction of the nonlinear Hooke's law for the concrete material through the replacement of the Young constant modulus with the nonlinear modulus. In addition, the concept of concrete elasticity index (${\varphi}$) has been proposed and this factor has been introduced to account for the degradation of concrete stiffness in compression under increased loading as well as the multi-stages micro-cracking behavior of concrete under uniaxial compression. Finally, a sub-routine artificial neural network model has been developed to capture the concrete behavior that has been introduced to facilitate the prediction of concrete properties under increased loading.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제76권5호
• /
• pp.653-661
• /
• 2020

The paper presents a study regarding rubber compressibility behavior. The objective is to analyze the effect of compression degree of rubber on its mechanical properties and propose a new methodology based on reverse engineering to predict compressibility degree based on uniaxial stretching test and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In general, rubbers are considered to be almost incompressible and Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5. Since this property is intimately related to the rubber packing density, little changes in Poisson's ratio can lead to significant changes regarding mechanical behavior. The deviatory hyperelastic constants were obtained through experimental data fitting by least squares method for the most relevant constitutive models implemented in commercial software Abaqus, such as: Neo-Hooke, Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh and Arruda-Boyce, whereas the hydrostatic part was determined through an optimization algorithm implemented in the Abaqus environment by Python scripting. The simulation results presented great influence of the Poisson's ratio in the rubber specimen mechanical behavior mainly for high strain levels. A conventional pure volumetric compression test was also carried out in order to compare the results obtained by the proposed methodology.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2021

Dynamic behavior of piezoelectric ZnO nanowires is investigated using finite element analyses (FEA) on FE models constructed based on previous experimental observations in which nanowires having aspect ratios of 1:2. 1:31, and 1:57 are obtained during a hydrothermal process. Modal analyses predict that nanowires will vibrate in lateral bending, uniaxial elongation/contraction, and twisting (torsion), respectively, for the three ratios. The natural frequency for each vibration mode varies depending on the aspect ratio, while the frequencies are in a range of 7.233 MHz to 3.393 GHz. Subsequent transient response analysis predicts that the nanowires will behave quasi-statically within the load frequency range below 10 MHz, implying that the ZnO nanowires have application potentials as structural members of electromechanical systems including nano piezoelectric generators and piezoelectric dynamic strain sensors. When an electric pulse signal is simulated, it is predicted that the nanowires will deform in accordance with the electric signal. Once the electric signal is removed, the nanowires exhibit a specific resonance-like vibration, with the frequency synchronized to the signal frequency. These predictions indicate that the nanowires have additional application potential as piezoelectric actuators and resonators.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2019

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has high compressive and tensile strengths due to the particle packing, and its ductile behavior can be ensured by utilizing steel fibers. However, since the UHPC members exhibit different characteristics of crack behavior and tensile behavior from normal concrete, the tension stiffening and cracking characteristics of the UHPC should be accurately modeled for the design and analysis of the UHPC members. In this study, uniaxial tension tests was conducted on the UHPC members with strands, where the test variables were diameter and reinforcing ratio of strands. Detailed analyses were also conducted to identify the tensile characteristics and crack behavior of the UHPC members. By comparing the test results with current code provisions and other models proposed by existing researchers, their applicability for estimation of crack behavior of the UHPC members was examined.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2021

Water infusion has long been taken as an effective way to eliminate coal burst risk as coal properties can be loosen and soften by water infusion. However, not all industrial trials of water infusion for coal burst prevention have been necessarily effective in all situations as the effectiveness of this method can be affected by water infusion time, coal properties and the parameters of water injection. Hence, some fundamental issues including the effects of water infusion time on burst propensity and energy evolution need to be further discussed. In this paper, four groups of coal specimens with 0 day, 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days water saturation time are tested under uniaxial compression load with the application of AE monitoring. To comprehensively compare the burst behavior of coal specimens under different water saturation time, stress-strain curves, AE counts, fragmentation characteristics and burst propensity of these groups are analyzed. It was found by this research that sufficient water saturation can mitigate the burst behavior of coal samples while insufficient water infusion might cannot reach the burst mitigation aims.