• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

People use social media platforms such as Twitter to leave traces of their personal thoughts and opinions. In other words, social media platforms retain the emotions of the people as it is, and accurately understanding the emotions of the people through social media will be used as a significant index for disaster management. In this research, emotion type modeling method and emotional quotient quantification method will be proposed to understand the emotions present in social media platforms. Emotion types are primarily analyzed based on 3 major emotions of affirmation, caution, and observation. Then, in order to understand the public's emotional progress according to the progress of disaster or accident and government response in detail, negative emotions are broken down into anxiety, seriousness, sadness, and complaint to enhance the analysis. Ultimately, positive emotions are further broken down into 3 more emotions, and Russell emotion model was used as a reference to develop a model of 8 primary emotions in order to acquire an overall understanding of the public's emotions. Then, the emotional quotient of each emotion was quantified. Based on the results, overall emotional status of the public is monitored, and in the event of a disaster, the public's emotional fluctuation rate could be quantitatively observed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.253-270
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of student-led assessment on achievement emotions and science concept understanding in middle school science classes. For this purpose, 4 of the 7 classes in the third grade of mid- dle school in small and medium-sized cities were selected as the experimental group and conducted student-led assessment, while the comparative group (3 classes) conducted teacher-led assessment. The student-led assessment consisted of 4 stages in which learners took initiative to set learning goals and develop assessment criteria, conduct self assessment and peer assess- ment, and carry out seven assessment activities. Student-led assessment was effective in improving positive achievement emotions and relieving negative achievement emotions and increasing students' science concept understanding in middle school students. Students perform student-led assessment, grasp their reach, and repeatedly go through reflective thinking to compensate for deficiencies in the learning process. Therefore, student-led assessment can be used as a tool to increase science concept understanding by continuously checking the level of science concept understanding.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2002

In this study, the perceptions and responses of 136 kindergarten children from middle SES families were recorded in one-to-one interviews about the cause, reasons for expression, and responses to negative emotions. Results showed that children perceived he causes of anger and sadness as 'interpersonal events' and they perceived he cause of fear to be 'fantasy/scary events'. The children tended not to express their negative emotions because they expected negative responses from their peers and mothers, but when they did, the expressed their negative emotions to their mothers rather than to peers. Children responded to the negative emotions of their peers with 'problem-solving focused strategies', but they responded to their mothers' negative emotions with passive strategies, such as 'emotion focused response' and 'avoidance'.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.609-623
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• 2017

Fur apparel is a representative luxury item that displays wealth and social status; however, it is also recognized as an unethical product criticized for its animal maltreatment in the production process. Understanding consumer responses to an ambivalent object, such as fur apparel, is an important research topic both academically and practically. This study investigates the hierarchical effects of perceived benefits and risks of fur apparel on consumers' emotions and purchase intention by applying the ABC model of attitudes to identify the mediating effects of consumer emotions. An online survey was conducted on 390 female consumers that verified hypotheses through structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis using phantom variables. The initial results of the survey showed that the relationship between perceived conspicuous benefits and purchase intention towards fur apparel was partially mediated by positive emotion. Second, the relationship between perceived epistemic benefits and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive emotion. Third, the relationship between perceived ethical risk and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive and negative emotions. Fourth, perceived social risk did not affect the purchase intention of fur apparel significantly. The results support that cognitive beliefs about the subject have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions through emotions as suggested in the ABC model of the attitude. This study provides an in-depth understanding of consumer responses to ambivalent objects by revealing the individual mediating effects of consumers' positive and negative emotions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study examined the influences of age, offenders' intention, victims' emotional reactions on the moral emotional understanding of preschool children. Eighty eight children aged 4, 5, and 6 participated in this study, and were interviewed using four moral transgression stories. The responses of the children were then analyzed in terms of the levels of moral emotional understanding, from error through to the understanding of secondary emotions. The results indicated that older children showed higher levels of moral emotional understanding than younger children. Additionally, children's moral emotional understanding was higher in situations in which offenders' behaviors were intentional, and in which the victims expressed sadness. The attribution of moral emotions was influenced by victims' emotional reactions only in 6-year-old children. Discussion of these results also included the development of intervention programs for children with aggressive behaviors, as well as a number of suggestions for future study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.293-310
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences that appeared in the episodes in understandings of the emotional display rules according to the types of emotions and subjects for expressing emotions. In addition, the interaction effects of intention reasoning types and gender on children's understandings of the real emotions and emotional display rules are explored. 144 4-5 year old children in Chungbuk province participated in the experimental interviews. The results are as follows. First, children comprehended the emotional display rules more clearly in a relationship with peers than adults. In terms of a type of emotion, it was the negative emotions rather than positives ones that those children understood better for real emotions and emotional display rules. Second, the main effect of the intention reasoning types on children's understanding of the emotional display rules appeared significant in all episodes. Especially, in negative emotion-peer episode, children with different types of intention reasoning showed a different level of understanding emotional display rules depending on gender of the children.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This study aimed to (a) investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on customer orientation, (b) examine the impact of customer orientation on customer relationship management (CRM) performance (including CRM-related variables such as 'relationship commitment,' 'image of corporation,' and 'customer loyalty'), and (c) identify the conceptual framework of emotional intelligence. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire given to a sample of employees of luxury hotels in the metropolitan area. To test the hypotheses, AMOS were conducted for the 271 respondents of the sample using the SPSS Win 17.0 software. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has been on the radar of many leaders and managers over the past few decades. Emotional intelligence is generally accepted to be a combination of emotional and interpersonal competencies that influence behavior, thoughts, and interactions with others. Emotional intelligence consists of four factors: understanding the self's emotion, understanding other people's emotions, emotion utilization, and emotion control. Understanding the self's emotion means to understand of my own emotions. Understanding other people's emotions is to understand of the emotions of the people around me and to know how my friends feel based on their behavior. The concept of emotion utilization means to set goals for myself and then try to achieve them, encouraging myself to do my best. The concept of emotion control means I can control my temper, handle difficult situations rationally, and calm down quickly when I am very angry. Results - As a result of the analysis, three factors (understanding the self's emotion, understanding of other people's emotions, and emotion utilization) were shown to have a significant effect on customer orientation. Emotion control had an insignificant effect on customer orientation. Only emotion control makes it difficult to solve customers' problems because it is a passive behavior. In order to solve the customers' problems, hotel employees have to show a positive attitude. Second, customer orientation had a significant effect on customer relationship management performance (customer relationship commitment, corporate image, and customer loyalty). In other words, customer orientation increases commitment to customer relationships. For example, employees who have a customer-orientated perspective provide good service to their customers, while employees who don't have a customer-orientated perspective can't satisfy their customers. Customer orientation can also generate a good image among customers, because they evaluate the image of a hotel through the behavior of hotel employees. So it is very important for employees to show excellent customer orientation. Conclusions - It is very important for hotel CEOs to manage their employees' emotional intelligence. In order to increase their employees' emotional intelligence abilities, CEOs have to manage the overall corporate culture and reward programs to achieve what they want. This is because the system can lead to a customer-orientated mind-set and CRM performance among employees. As a result, the hotel CEO has to pay attention to the emotional intelligence of employees to achieve strong CRM performance. The sentence as originally written was a bit unclear. If this edit does not retain your intended meaning please consider: "Only emotion control does not have a significant impact on customer orientation, and therefore on the ability of an employee to solve customer problems, because it is a passive behavior." Please use the version of the sentence that best captures your original meaning.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.26-34
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• 2024

Most human emotions are conveyed through facial expressions, which represent the predominant source of emotional data. This research investigates the impact of crowds on human emotions by analysing facial expressions. It examines how crowd behaviour, face recognition technology, and deep learning algorithms contribute to understanding the emotional change according to different level of crowd. The study identifies common emotions expressed during congestion, differences between crowded and less crowded areas, changes in facial expressions over time. The findings can inform urban planning and crowd event management by providing insights for developing coping mechanisms for affected individuals. However, limitations and challenges in using reliable facial expression analysis are also discussed, including age and context-related differences.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

This study attempted to identify the relationships among perceived value (hedonic and utilitarian values), consumption emotions, and satisfaction. In addition, this study also tested the relationships of measurement items of these variables. The data were collected from American restaurant diners who have experienced any Asian restaurants within the last 30 days. A total of 435 responses was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, reliability test, and regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data. The results found that hedonic value influenced positive emotions and satisfaction. Utilitarian value increased positive emotions and satisfaction while decreases negative emotions. In addition, positive emotions increased customer satisfaction; negative emotions decreased customer satisfaction. In the measurement level, traditional music, traditional aspects of food, and restaurant layout of hedonic value influenced positive emotions and interior design had an impact on customer satisfaction. On the other hand, food taste and healthy food option of utilitarian value influenced positive emotions and satisfaction; only food taste was negatively related to negative emotions. Managerial implications were provided.