• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2012

As a series of studies about natural ventilation driven by wind in basement parking lots of apartment, the influence of opening size and surrounding buildings on ventilation rate was analyzed. Natural ventilation in underground parking lots almost rely on wind than temperature difference. To investigate natural ventilation driven by wind, wind tunnel tests by using scale model and tracer gas method were conducted. $CO_2$-gas concentration was measured, natural ventilation rates were calculated. The experimental results showed that the natural ventilation rate is more reliable to wind direction and surrounding building than opening size and distance between buildings. It was verified that surrounding buildings play a principal role in increasing air flow rate by accelerating wind speed, and growing turbulence intensity. And it showed that ventilation performance is able to be increased by oblique wind to entrance ramp than head on wind in underground parking lots with surrounding buildings.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.161-162
• /
• 2020

Cracks are caused by drying shrinkage between the upper part of the underground parking lot and the apartment wall. As a result of the investigation, the distance between the apartment and the apartment is more than 45m, and the top slab of the underground parking lot is usually flat when there is not with steps. Therefore, the crack occurs more when the underground parking lot is a PC slab than a RC slab. In this study, the reduction of cracks was conducted by extending the slab, expanding the beam size, increasing the wall thickness, and installing a delay joint on slab. In each case, a finite element analysis was performed to examine the crack reduction method.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we propose a Correction Dead Reckoning (CDR) solution using correction information such as Map Matching FeedBack (MMFB) in an underground parking lot. In order to correct position errors in an underground parking lot, vehicle position and heading errors are corrected using MMFB information in road link properties. The proposed method was applied to an in-vehicle navigation system and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed robust dead reckoning solution corrects Dead Reckoning (DR) position errors that occur when driving for a long time in an underground parking lot.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2010

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) has been one of the major concerns of people. Indoor parking lots are subject to be exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants emitted from vehicles. This study was performed to investigate indoor air quality (IAQ) at indoor parking lots. Sampling sites were selected 5 indoor parking lots. Target indoor air quality parameters include a number of criteria pollutants such PM$_{10}$, CO, CO$_2$, and HCHO. In addition, a variation of IAQ according to ventilation system operating was measured at C site (underground parking lot). In general, all pollutants were maintained below indoor air quality maintenance standards. The indoor air quality at indoor parking lots was affected by the availability of the ventilation facility and their operation frequency. At the underground parking lot (C site) with ventilation system, TVOC concentration according to ventilation system operating were found to be lower operating (488.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$) than non-operating (1,401.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$).

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.877-882
• /
• 2008

오피스 지하주차장의 기둥간격은 기준층의 업무환경과 효율적인 주차구획을 고려하여 계획된다. 그러나 비정형의 지하주차장에 정형의 기둥간격에 의한 주차계획을 하다보면 주차장내 많은 부분에 유휴공간이 형성된다. 대부분 주차장의 양 모서리 부분은 주차장 환기시설로서 팬룸이 배치되고, 모서리 일부분은 주차램프가 위치하게 되며 잔여 공간 및 유휴공간에는 창고를 배치할 수 있다. 이때 지하주차장 창고는 필요로 하는 오피스 임차인들에게 외부의 전문창고 임대업체보다 낮은 가격으로 임대하게 된다. 이러한 경우 창고를 만들기 위한 초기 공사비와 유지비용 등이 소요된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 총 LCC와 초기 투자로 벌어들일 수 있는 임대수익 간의 경제성 분석을 통해 사업 초기 지하주차장 유휴공간에 창고를 설치하는 것에 대한 경제성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 현재 사용되고 있는 창고임대료를 기준으로 매년 임대수익을 산정하였을 경우, 2년째부터 수익이 보장되어 경제성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2010

Use of daylight in underground space interacts with physiological need for human beings and provides relief from feeling secluded. Light pipe system can deliver natural light into the space where it is needed and can be used as primary or a secondary light source with benefits of energy, productivity and health. To use light pipe system effectively under various conditions, it is important to investigate the effectiveness of light pipe system with reliable monitoring protocol. This paper presents the results of light pipe system performance used in underground parking lot under different sky conditions. Comparisons were made between the illuminance standards of underground parking lot and the monitored data. The results indicated that adequate illuminance level was shown until 4.5m distance from the light pipe under clear sky condition. However, additional lighting device showed be used under overcast sky to meet the proper illuminance level.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2012

We studied the risk analysis of fire and explosion caused by gas leak in underground-parking of gas vehicle. However, an entrance regulation of gas vehicles (H2/LPG/CNG etc.) to underground garages has not been enacted in Korea. Incase, a gas explodes in an underground parking garage placed in overcrowded residential area, such as an apartment, the scale of the damage would cause tremendous disaster. Faults of vehicle parts and management problems were evaluated by using the Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which is a qualitative analysis method. The range of the damaged area by the explosion and the damage scale by the explosion pressure were analyzed by using the process hazard analysis software tool (PHAST). The study is expected to facilitate enactment of the regulation for the underground parking to restrict the gas vehicle.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the most reasonable design in the superstructure of an underground parking lot which needs to be considered with the economic efficiency being influenced on the subdivision price, construction duration, workability and the maintenance of crack and leakage status of apartment house. In this research, we've evaluated the fitness for the superstructure of an underground parking lot by examination of construction constraint, which was based on the calculated data of structural design and quantity survey. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The system of the absent structure of beam is proper structure for economic efficiency, construction duration and workability, but it is disadvantageous at the side of maintenance efficiency because of the many part of large slab. In the opposite direction, the establishing structure of beam has the advantages of structural stability except economic efficiency, construction duration and workability 2. It's required a proper selection for the views being contrary to each other which the owners considers good quality, on the other hand, the contractors consider construction duration and workability. 3. In making a selection for the superstructure of an underground parking lot, we have concluded that it is the most important to choose the proper structure for the demanded performance by contrasting with two system. (2Bay or 3Bay)

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.756-766
• /
• 2011

공동주택 주차장의 먼지오염실태를 연구하기 위하여 2010년 3월말에서 6월초까지 대구지역 공동주택 36곳의 지상주차장(36지점)과 지하주차장(36지점)을 대상으로 채취한 총 72개의 시료를 $100{\mu}m$ 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개 원소를 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 미량원소성분의 발생원 평가결과는 지상주차장과 지하주차장 모두 Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V의 성분은 자연적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 반면에 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn의 성분은 인위적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Ca은 지상주차장의 경우에는 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, 지하주차장의 경우에는 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분의 농도분석 결과는 자연적인 발생원과 관련된 성분이 인위적인 발생원과 관련된 성분보다 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. 인위적인 발생원성분의 기여도는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았으며, 미량원소성분의 평균농도 또한 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한 결과는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 5.5배정도 높게 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분간의 상관성 분석결과는 지상주차장이 지하주차장에 비해 유의한 상관성을 나타내는 항목이 많았으며, 특히 자연적 발생원 성분간 유의한 상관성이 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 유해 중금속성분과 지하주차장의 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 주차대수(공간)가 적은 지점이 큰 지점보다, 환기장치를 가동하지 않은 지점이 가동한 지점보다, 그리고 최근 도색년도와 청소일이 오래된 지점이 상대적으로 유해 중금속을 많이 함유하고 있었다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 LPG 자동차 운전자 교육생 544명을 대상으로 자동차의 가스누출 위험성 인식 및 반응 형태 등 운전자의 안전의식 수준을 조사하였다. 전체 응답자의 63%는 LPG 자동차의 가스누출 위험성을 인식하고 있었으며, 79%가 지상주차를 선호하는 것으로 응답하였다. 지하주차장에 대한 주차 제한 필요성에 대해서는 전체 응답자의 58%가 필요하다고 응답하였는 데, 50대 이상 응답자의 71%, 지하주차시 위험성을 인식하고 있다고 응답한 운전자의 73%가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 또한 가스누출 위험성을 인식하고 있다고 응답한 운전자는 지상주차를 선호하고, 지상주차를 선호한 응답자는 지하주차시 위험성 인식과 주차제한 필요성을 상대적으로 크게 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 가스누출 위험성을 인식하고 있는 운전자가 그렇지 않은 운전자에 비해 상대적으로 위험대비 의식이 높기 때문인 것으로 분석된다.