• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2016년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.128-129
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• 2016

This study is to categorize the loading of multiple persons on a vertical building elements into three types to test the size of crowd pressure under each loading patterns. The loading patterns is divided under the combination of loading method and loading persons. The loading method is categorized into the method of instantaneous loading of hand on a force plate and the method of continuous loading. The loading persons has been composed of 1~5 persons under the loading patterns. The loading patterns is also divided into lateral loading, longitudinal loading, and agglomeration loading. The subject group has been composed of 12 males in 20s. The load measurement device(size 1800×600×36mm, capacity 20kN, rigidity 28kN/cm) has been designed and manufactured directly. To eliminate the difference of individual, the size of crowd pressure has been converted into the strength to weight ratio (maximum load/weight) for computation. The strength to weight ratio in lateral loading was about 0.91 under instantaneous loading and about 0.47 under continuous loading. The strength to weight ratio in longitudinal loading was about 0.65 under instantaneous loading and about 0.36 under continuous loading. The strength to weight ratio in agglomeration loading was about 0.65 under instantaneous loading and about 0.36 under continuous loading.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 1992

In this article, we study the behavior of half integral weight thetaseries under theta operators. Theta operators are very important in the study of theta-series in connection with Hecke operators. Andrianov[A1] proved that the space of integral weight theta-series is invariant under the action of theta operators. We prove that his statement can be extened for half integral weight theta-series with a slight modification. By using this result one can prove that the space of theta-series is invariant under the action of Hecke operators as Andrianov did for intrgral weight theta-series [A1].

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2010

Gestational age and infant birth weight are influenced by gestational weight gain. This study was aimed to examine the effects of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited at two hospitals in Seoul area. Characteristics and dietary intakes of pregnant women were obtained using 24-hour recall questionnaires. Gestational weight gain was categorized as less (Under-gain) than, within (Recommended gain), or greater (Over-gain) than the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Maternal height and pre-pregnancy weight in the over-gain group significantly higher than under-gain and recommended gain group. Mini dietary assessment score of eating bean has significantly higher in under-gain group than recommended gain group and eating kimchi has significantly higher in undergain group than over-gain group. Score of eating fruit was significantly higher in over-gain group than other groups. The mean intake of carbohydrate in the recommended gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group, and mean intake of potassium in the over-gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group. Under-gain group showed the high rate of the preterm delivery and low birth weight infant delivery. However recommended gain group showed 46% reduced risk of preterm delivery (OR = 0.54 CI = 0.30-0.98). Risk of macrosomia increased with increasing gestational weight gain (p for trend < 0.05). In conclusion, pregnancy outcomes were influenced by gestational weight gain. Therefore, these finding suggested adequate gestational weight gain according to BMI for reducing the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and macrosomia.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the relation-ship between vertical distribution of rice roots and yield traits under field conditions. Eight IRRI's new plant type rices (NPTRs) were tested in a volcanic ash soil paddy field under dense (IO 10 cm) and common (20 20 cm) planting densities. These lines were evaluated to have more spikelet numbers per panicle (SNP), lower filled grain rate (FGR), and lower rough grain weight per hill (RGWH). In dense planting, rough grain weight per stem (RGWS) was increased due to heavier culm and leaf dry weight (CLDW), and both RGWS and CLDW were related with the percentage of root distribution (%RWI) in the 10~30 cm soil layer, while in common planting, RGWS was not closely related with CLDW. SNP was highly related with root dry weight (RDW) in the 0~10cm soil layer. FGR was mainly affected by ROW in the 10~30 cm soil layer under both planting densities. RGWS was positively correlated with top dry weight (TDW) and harvest index (HI), and TDW was positively correlated with RWI under common planting or %RWI under dense planting, and HI was positively correlated with RWI in the 10~30 cm soil layer only under dense planting. RGWS was closely related with root weight index by dry weight (RWI) in the 10~30 cm soil layer and %RWI in the 0~30 cm or 10~30 cm soil layer under dense planting, and with only RWI in the 10~30 cm soil layer under common planting. But RGWH showed the close positive relationship with RDW and RWI in the 10~30 cm soil layer under dense planting, while under common planting, it showed the close positive relationship with RWI and %RWI in the 10~30 cm soil layer or %RWI in the 0~30 cm soil layer. The deeper root system in rice, especially under dense planting, is important for high yield of NPTRs focusing on the increment of top mass production and harvest index.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.740-744
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• 2002

The relationship of gonad weight and liver weight with body weight of six fish species viz; Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthlamichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio under the influence of artificial feed, broiler manure, buffalo manure, N:P:K (25:25:0) and a control pond were examined after a rearing period of one year. The positive relationship between gonad weight and body weight was significant which showed the dependence of gonadal development on body weight in all the six fish species. The currelation coefficients were higher in female fishes. However, the major carps had a much smaller proportional gonadal weight as compared with Chinese carps and a common carp due to their faster growth rate. The overall comparison of six fish species under different experimental treatments revealed that highest liver weight was observed for C. idella closely followed by C. carpio. The maximum correlation value was observed with H. molitrix under the broiler manure. The maximum Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) remained as 32.63 for C. carpio followed by C. idella. The maximum value for Hepatosomatic Index (HSI). remained 1.99 for C. idella followed by C. mrigala.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2010

This study investigated the body image, body stress, eating attitude, and dietary quality in middle school girls. Questionnaires were administered to one hundred fifty seven middle school girls in Seoul area. The subjects were categorized into the five groups according to their body mass index (BMI); 1) severely under-weight (BMI < 16.5 $kg/m^2$), 2) under-weight (16.5 $\leq$ BMI < 18.5 $kg/m^2$), 3) normal weight (18.5 $\leq$ BM I < 23.0 $kg/m^2$), 4) overweight (23.0 $\leq$ BMI < 25.0 $kg/m^2$), and 5) obese (BMI $\geq$ 25 $kg/m^2$). 7.0%, 14.6%, 58.9%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of the subjects were classified as severely under-weight, under-weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Regardless of the BMI, the subjects had disturbed body image, body stress, and poor eating attitude. The actual BMIs of the normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were significantly different from their desired BMI and perceived BMI, representing these subjects dissatisfied their body shape. Almost all subjects tried to lose their body weight even in the severely under-weight and under-weight groups. There were significant correlations of BMI with body image disturbance (p < 0.05), body stress (p < 0.01) and eating attitude (p < 0.05). These results indicated that middle school girls who have higher BMI seemed to have more body image distortion, body stress and risk of eating disorder. However, any significant difference in dietary quality among the five groups was not observed even though their dietary patterns were not balanced. As a conclusion, it is required that middle school girls should correct their distorted body image and body stress. Also, efforts to improve eating attitude, dietary pattern and nutritional status in the middle school girls are needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the self image according to body mass index in middle school students. Methods: The study included 260 students. Self image was measured using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The proportions of under weight, normal weight, and overweight were 36.1%, 53.9%, 10.0% respectively. Also, the mean of the self image score was 4.0. The score of self image was significantly higher in the normal weight group than the over weight group or the under weight group. This trend was also consistent in multiple regression. The score of self image was lower in high school grades, low perceived record, under-weight and over-weight. Conclusion: This study shows that many students are under weight. The score of self image was related with body image. So, level of obesity in each student should also be considered, to elevate the self image.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the BMI and food preference. eating behaviors. and nutrition knowledge score among the middle school male and female students. A total of 394 students from 4 different middle school in Seoul were participated in this study. The students were categorized into 3 groups by BMI : under-weight(〈20). ideal(20$\leq$BMI〈25). and overweight($\geq$25) groups. The data on food preference. eating behavior. and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. All data were analyzed by means as frequency. percentage. mean and standard deviation. F-test. $\chi$$^2$-test. and correlation analysis. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. BMI average of the male students was 21.4 About 45% of the students were in ideal weight group. 40% were in under-weight group. and 15% were in overweight group according to BMI. 2. About 62% of the participants wanted to lose weight : 43% of the male students. and 82% of the female students. And 33% of the students wished to lose more than 7kg of body weight. 3. Preference score for animal protein foods was the highest in overweight group. On the other hand. preference score of vegetables was the highest in under-weight group. 4. All 3 BMI groups eat more foods on dinner compared to lunch or breakfast. Eating amount score of between-meal was highest(eat more) in under-weight group. and the lowest(eat less) in overweight group. But the percentage of students who eat snack at night was the highest in overweight group. 5. Among the eating behavior variables. eating frequency of snack at night and eating speed were significantly different among 3 groups. Overweight group eat snack at night less frequently and eating speed is faster than the other groups(p〈.05). 6. Nutrition knowledge score was the highest in overweight group. but the difference was insignificant. It is shown that about 40% of the participants belong to under-weight group. but 62% wished to lose weights. Parents and teachers should watch out the juvenile students'health. especially whether they try to lose weight or maintain unrealistically low weight.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Minimum weight design of laminated composite panel under combined loading was studied using linear and nonlinear deformation theories and by closed-form analysis and finite difference energy methods. Various buckling load factors are obatined for laminated composite panels with rectangular type longitudinal stiffeners and various longitudinal length to radius ratios, which are made from Carbon/Epoxy USNl25 prepreg and are simply-supported on four edges under combined loading, and then for them, minimum weight design analyses are carried out by the nonlinear search optimizer, ADS. This minimum weight design analyses are constructed with various process such as the simple design process, test simulation process and sensitivity analysis. Subseguently, the buckling mode shapes are obtained by buckling and minimum weight analyses.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

인공안개처리에 따른 보리의 생장, 잡초경합양상 및 제초제반을을 검토코자 온실내에서 일련의 pot시험이 수행되었다. 안개조건에서 보리의 초장, 엽령, 엽폭 및 지상부 생체중은 증가하였으나 출수가 지연되고 출수율과 수량 구성요소인 수당영화수, 천립중 및 발아율은 감소하였다. 안개조건으로 초종수의 차이는 없으나 잡초발생량은 유의적으로 증가하였고, 주요한 발생초종은 둑새풀, 새포아풀, 벼룩나물, 점나도나물, 황새냉이 및 갈퀴덩쿨등이었다. 안개조건에서는잡초와의 경합기간이 길수록 초장의 감소가 인정되었으며 1,000립중은 초기경합에서만 감소하였으며 그밖의 보리의 생장은 경합의 영향을 받지 않았다. 안개조건에서 제초제처리에 따른 보리의 생체중은 공시 제초제 공히 증가되었으나 1,000립중은 오히려 감소되었으며, 그 중 Butachlor 및 Thiobencarb의 약해가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 처리 후 25일째 생체중에 의한 잡초방제가는 75∼90%로써 안개조건이 비안개조건보다 3∼15% 낮게 나타났으나 60일째는 96%이상으로 대등한 방제가를 보였다.