• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2012

It is well known that sound waves in the sea propagates under the influence of sea surface and bottom roughness, the sound speed profile, the water depth, and the density of sea floor sediment. In particular, an abrupt change of sound speed with depth can greatly affect sound propagation through an eddy. Eddies are frequently generated in the East Sea near the Korean Peninsula. A warm eddy with diameter of about 150 km is often observed, and the sound speed profile is greatly changed within about 400 m of water depth at the center by the eddy around the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea. The characteristics of low-frequency sound propagation across a warm eddy are investigated by a sound propagation model in order to understand the influence of warm eddies. The acoustic rays and propagation losses are calculated by a range-dependent acoustic model in conditions where the eddy is both present and absent. We found that low-frequency sound propagation is affected by the warm eddy, and that the phenomena dominate the upper ocean within 800 m of water depth. The propagation losses of a 100 Hz frequency are variable within ${\pm}15$ dB with depth and range by the warm eddy. Such variations are more pronounced at the deep source near the sound channel axis than the shallow source. Furthermore, low-frequency sound propagation from the eddy center to the eddy edge is more affected by the warm eddy than sound propagation from the eddy edge to the eddy center.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2004

The quantity of residuals generated from water treatment plants depends upon the raw water quality, dosage of chemicals used, performance of the treatment process, method of sludge removal, efficiency of sedimentation, and backwashing frequency. Sludge production by the physical separation of SS occurs under quiescent conditions in the primary clarifier, where suspended solids are allowed to settle and to consolidate on the clarifier bottom. Raw primary sludge results when the settled solids are hydraulically removed from the tank. The relative solid and liquid fractions of a slurry are most commonly described by the solids concentration, expressed as mg/L or percent solids. The purpose of the present investigation is to estimate a suitability on the design capacities of residuals treatment facilities by the quantity of dewatered sludge generated from water treatment plants.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2011

The residual treatment facilities in WTP(water treatment plant) play an important role in solid-liquid separation. At present, it is difficult to solve problems related with thickening and dewatering of WTP sludge, and discharging waste water to river. The quantity of residuals generated from water treatment plants depends upon the raw water quality, dosage of chemicals used, performance of the treatment process, method of sludge removal, efficiency of sedimentation, and backwashing frequency. Sludge production by the physical separation of SS(Suspended Solid) occurs under quiescent conditions in the primary clarifier, where SSs are allowed to settle and to consolidate on the clarifier bottom. Raw primary sludge results when the settled solids are hydraulically removed from the tank. In this study, Drawing characteristics of the sludge thickening in the thickener of Water Treatment Plants was simulated by Using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2011

주파수 자원을 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 기술인 인지무선통신(CR : Cognitive radio) 기술은 주파수 자원난을 해결하기 위하여 연구되고 있다. CR은 1차 사용자에 할당된 주파수를 2차 사용자가 이용할 수 있도록 한다. 그러나 무선채널에서는 페이딩과 음영지역의 영향으로 스펙트럼 센싱에 있어서 절충안이 필요해진다. 또한, 다양한 CR 시스템을 검출하고 구분하기 위해서 새로운 센싱 알고리즘이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 워터마킹 기술을 이용한 스펙트럼 센싱 알고리즘을 제안하여, Kasami-sequence와 M-sequence를 워터마킹 시퀀스로 이용했을 경우의 검출 성능을 비교한다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2014

스마트워터그리드 시스템의 지하 상수도 배관 관리에 있어서 누수는 중요한 요소인데, 특히 그 배관이 낡았고 인구가 많은 도시의 포장도로나 다양한 건축물의 아래에 매설된 경우이다. 이러한 누수지점의 정확한 탐지는 이들 배관의 효율적인 운용을 위해 필수적이기 때문에, 주파수 대역 변화, 창 필터 그리고 확률에 바탕한 새로운 누수지점 탐지 방법론을 본 논문을 통해 제안한다. 정확한 누수지점의 추정은 누수음에 의한 센서 신호간의 시간 지연 추정의 정확성에 따라 결정된다는 것이 알려져 있기 때문에 중요한 주파수에 가중치를 부여하는 몇 가지의 창 함수들이 개선된 상호상관함수를 계산하기 위해 적용되었다. 실제 주철로 제작된 길이 253.9 m의 지하매설 상수도 배관에 대해 새로운 방법론을 적용한 실험결과는 향상된 누수지점 탐지 성능을 보여 주었다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 제6회 하계 Workshop (98 한국막학회, 국립환경연구원 국제 Workshop, 수자원 보전과 막분리 공정)
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• pp.155-170
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• 1998

1. The flux for hydrophilic CA membrane is higher than that for hydrophobic PES membrane at any operating conditions. The difference in bpth fluxes becomes greater as the water recovery is lower. 2. Backwash pressure should be more than twice as high as filtration pressure in order to maintain the higher flux. Backwash frequency is independent of the flux when the UF is operated under the same water recovery. 3. The relatively lower crossflow velocity of around 0.1 m/s would be appropriate because of the lower energy consumption per treated water. 4. The membrane fouling occurring at high turbidity and high concentration of organic compounds in raw water can reduce the flux and increase the removal of the organic compounds. 5. It is confirmed by the pilot plant testing that the UF by using the CA membrane module was well applicable to the drinking water treatment.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.144-149
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• 2006

In this study ice making characteristics are experimentally investigated for the ice slurry generating system which is pneumatically operated. The experimentations are conducted under the various test conditions such as chilled water inlet temperature, aqueous solution concentration, flow rate of cooling water, scraper pitch and frequency of cylinder stroke. For the above experimental conditions, ice making characteristics of the slurry ice generating system are evaluated in terms of the overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and the amount of slurry ice generation. And the experimental results show that the heat transfer rate of the system increases as the flow rate of cooling water solution increases and the concentration of ethylene glycol and inlet temperature of chilled water decreases.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.454-460
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• 1989

자연계로부터 분리한 Gram 음성세균과 함께 유전자 조작기법으로 kanamycin (Km)과 chloramphenicol (Cm)에 대한 내성유전자를 재조합한 균주들에서 그 내성유전자의 전이율을 conjugation 방법으로 몇 가지 상이한 수질환경에서 비교 연구하였다. 자연계로부터 분리한 DK1 균주와 재조합한 DKC601이나 DKH103을 donor로 하고 recipient 및 기타 조건을 같게 했을 때, donor가 가지고 있던 Km$^{${\gamma}$}$ 유전자의 전이율은 자연환경의 하천수에서 보다 실험실 환경의 멸균한 하폐수에서 더 높았고, 실험실 환경에서는 멸균한 하폐수보다 Luria-Bertani (LB) 액체배지에서 휠씬 높았다. 온도를 2$0^{\circ}C$와 3$0^{\circ}C$로 했을 때에는 어느 종류의 균주를 donor로 사용하더라도 전이율에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 전이가 일어나는 시간은 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 조금 빨랐다. 하천수의 자연환경에서나 실험실이 멸균하폐수에서는 항생제내성유전자의 전이율은 두 가지 종류의 균주 사이에 차이가 거의 없거나 재조합된 균주에서 $10^{-1}$ 정도로 낮다. 그러나 실험실 환경의 LB액체배지에서는 전이가 일어나는데 필요한 반응시간이 재조합된 균주에서 더 길 뿐만 아니라, 전이율에 있어서도 $10^{-3}$ - $10^{-4}$ 정도 낮았다. 그리고 MT1 균주를 recipient로 하고 재조합된 균주인 DKC601과 DKH103을 donor 로 했을 경우에는 donor에 따라 전이율의 차이가 없었으나, DKC601을 donor로 하고 MT1과 MT2을 각각 recipient로 했을 경우에는 recipient에 따라 전이율이 $10^{1}$ - $10^{2}$ 정도 차이가 났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2015

Reduction in pollution performance of polymeric insulators, aged due to water absorption stress and thermal stress, is a major threat to the reliable operation of power transmission and distribution system. Formation of partial discharges on the surface of wet polluted insulator plays a major role in determining the life time and pollution performance of outdoor polymeric insulators. However, reports on partial discharge characteristics of water absorption stress aged and thermal aged polymeric insulators are scanty. This paper discusses the pollution performance characteristics of accelerated aged polymeric insulators using the advanced ultra wide band PD signal measurement and analysis. Laboratory experiments on accelerated aged polymeric insulators were carried out as per IEC 60507 under AC voltage, at different humidity and contamination levels using NaCl as a contaminant. PRPD pattern and Time-Frequency map analysis of PD signals were carried out. From the results, it can be speculated that PD analysis is a well suited technique to understand the pollution performance of aged polymeric insulators.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

In this paper, vibration response of gravity-type caisson breakwater is analyzed to suggest the direction for structural health monitoring (SHM) on harbor caisson structure. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, vibration analysis methods are selected to examine the dynamic characteristics of the lab-scale caisson in the frequency and the modal domain. Secondly, vibration tests on the lab-scale caisson breakwater which is installed in 2-D wave tank were performed under several water level conditions. Thirdly, vibration response of the lab-scale caisson were analyzed in the frequency and modal domain. Finally, the direction of SHM for gravity-type caisson breakwater was suggested.