• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.80-81
• /
• 2003

The Swan Coastal Plain, on which the City of Perth (pop. 1.32 million) is situated, is formed of aeolian sands of Pleistocene-Recent age. The mainly unconsolidated sediments build a series of dune lines paralleling the coastline. The near-surface water-table sees expression in numerous shallow freshwater lakes and marshes in the interdunal depressions. The sands are highly permeable, and 〉 70% of the city’s total water supply is derived from this local aquifer. (omitted)

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the correlation between hydraulic conductivity and the flow rate of an aquifer, with the flow rate calculated from the laterals of the radial collector well using data obtained by the development project of riverbank filtration (Second Phase) in Changwon City. The hydraulic conductivity was empirically calculated from unconsolidated sediments collected from a sandy gravel layer along the middle-to-downstream sections of the Nakdong River. The Beyer equation produced the most suitable hydraulic conductivity from the various empirical formulas employed. The calculated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.083 to 0.264 cm/s, with an average value of 0.159 cm/s, suggesting that the aquifer in the study area possesses a high permeability with a good distribution of sandy gravel. The relationship between the calculated hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer and the entrance velocity into the screen, the flow rate was analyzed through the linear regression analysis. From the result of regression analysis, it showed that the hydraulic conductivity and the entrance velocity into the screen and the flow rate have a linear regression equation having about 72% of the high correlation. The result of verification in the measured data between each variable showed a high suitability from being consistent with the approximately 72% in the linear regression analysis. This study demonstrates that the groundwater flow rate can be estimated within the laterals of the radial collector well using a linear regression equation, if the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is known. This methodology could thus be applicable to other aquifers with hydraulic conductivity and permeability parameters similar to those in the present study area.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.389-400
• /
• 2009

Iron and manganese contents are usually over the limit of drinking water standard (0.3 mg/L) in unconsolidated aquifer of river bank filtration site in Nakdong river. Surge block and air surging techniques used in this study are useful tools to remove the slime within gravels and pebbles, to increase permeability of aquifer, to provide oxygen into aquifer, and to discharge iron and manganese oxides from a well. Surging activity brought about $5{\sim}8$ and $5{\sim}9$ times decreases in $Fe_{(total)}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ contents, and also 10 times decrease in $Mn^{2+}$ contents compared to non-surging condition, respectively. Additionally, iron oxide and manganese oxide increased up $1{\sim}1.2$ times after surging. This result shows that air injection into the aquifer can help iron and manganese content decreased and in-situ treatment technology needs to be introduced in river bank filtration project in South Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2010

Fresh water injection test in a fractured bedrock aquifer was applied as an efficient approach to lower saline concentrations in the saltwater-freshwater transition zone formed by seawater intrusion in a coastal area. The methodology and effectiveness of fresh water injection for hydraulically controlling seawater intrusion is overwhelmingly site dependent, and there is an urgent need to characterize the permeable fractures or unconsolidated porous formations which can allow for seawater flow and transport. Considering aquifer characteristics, injection and monitoring boreholes were optimally designed and completed to inject fresh water through sand layer and fractured bedrock, respectively. We devised and used the injection system using double packer for easy field operation and maintenance. Overall fracture distribution was systematically identified from borehole image logs, and the section of fresh water injection was decided from injection test and monitoring. With fresh water injection, the fluid electrical conductivity of the monitoring well started to be lowered by the inflow of fresh water at the specific depth. And this inflow leaded to the replacement of the fluid in the upper parts of the borehole with fresh water. Furthermore, the injection effect lasted more than several months, which means that fresh water injection may contribute to the mitigation of seawater intrusion in a coastal area.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2016

Hydraulic falling head and slug tests were carried out in an alluvium aquifer using a borehole stability device. The hydraulic testing had proved difficult in alluvial formations of sands and gravels due to borehole collapse and unstable borehole walls within the test section. This study aims to improve the hydraulic test results by using a borehole stability device. The device can minimize the collapse of borehole walls, and the use of a filter with a constant opening ratio improves the calculations per unit area of the test section. Permeability obtained from the falling head test without a borehole stability device was 8.82 × 10⁻⁵m/sec. When the borehole stability device was installed in the same test section the measured permeability increased to 4.00 × 10⁻⁴m/sec, which is 4.5 times that obtained without the borehole device. The relatively low permeability obtained using the conventional test method is attributed to the presence of a fine-grained slime generated during drilling and a reduction of the test area in the test interval due to a gradual collapse of the borehole walls. This study considers how the use of a borehole stability device to prevent borehole collapse can influence the results of hydraulic tests in alluvial formations. It is expected that the results can be used as a basis for improving the reliability and applicability of hydraulic tests performed in alluvial aquifers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 1994

The Hydrogeologic data of 455 water wells comprising geologic log and aquifer test were analyzed to determine hydrogeologic characteristics of the Cheju island. The groundwater. of the Cheju island is occurred in unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits and crinker interbedded in highly jointed basaltic and andesic rocks as high level, basal and parabasal types under unconfined condition. The average transmissivity and specific yield of the aquifer are at about 29,300㎡/day and 0.12 respectively, The total storage of groundwater is estimated about 44 billion cubic meters. Average annual precipitation is about 3,390 million ㎥ among which average recharge is estimated for 1,494 million ㎥ being equivalent 44.1% of total annual precipitation with 638 million ㎥ of runoff and 1,256 million ㎥ of evapotranspiration. Based on groundwater budget analysis, the sustainable yield is about 620 million ㎥(41% of annual recharge)and rest is discharging into the sea. The geologic logs of recently drilled thermal water wells indicate that very low-permeable marine sediments(Sehwa-ri formation) composed of loosely cemented sandy silt derived from mainly volcanic ashes at the 1st stage volcanic activity of the area is situated at the 120${\pm}$68m below sea level. Another low-permeable sedimentary rock called Seogipo-formation which is deemed younger than the former marine sediment is occured at the area covering north-west and western part of the Cheju island at the ${\pm}$70m below sea level. If these impermeable beds art distributed as a basal formation of fresh water zone of the Cheju island, the most of groundwater in the Cheju island will be para-basal type. These formations will be one of the most important hydrogeologic boundary and groundwater occurences in the area.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 1978

The Gum-Ho river basin is one of the densely populated area having more than 35% of the total population and it was also well irrigated since earlier days in the Nackdong river basin. Most of the easily developed source of surface water are fully utilized, and at this moment the basin is at the stage that no more :surface water can be made available under the present rapid development of economic condition. Since surface water supplies from the basin have become more difficult to obtain, the ground water resources must be thoroughly investigated and utilized greatly hereafter. In economic ground of the basin what part could ground water play? In what quantities and, for what uses could it be put? The answer to these questions can be relatively simple;the ground water resources in the basin can be put at almost any desired use and almost anywhere in the basin The area of the basin is at about $2088km^2$ in the middle part of Nackdong river basin and it is located along the Seoul-Pusan express highway. The mean annual rainfall is about 974.7mm, most of which falls from June to September during the monsoon. Accumulated is appeared approximately after every 8 year's accumlated dry period with the duration of 5 years. The water bearing formation in the basin include unconsolidated alluvial deposits in Age of Quaternary, saprolite derived from weathered crystalline rocks, Gyongsang sedimentary formations of the period from late Jurassic to Cretaceouse, and igneouse rocks ranging of the Age from Mesozoic to Cenozoic. The most productive ground water reservoir in the basin is calcareous shale and sandstones of Gyongsang system, which occupies about 66% of the total area. The results of aquifer test on Gyongsang sedimentary formation show that average pumping capacity of a well drilled into the formation with drilling diameter and average depth of $8{\frac{1}{2}}$ inch and 136m is $738m^3/day$ and also average specific capacity of those well is estimated $77.8m^3/D/M$. Total amount of the ground water reserved in the basin is approximately estimated at 37 billion metric tons, being equivalent 18 years total precipitations, among which 7 billion metric tons of portable ground water can be easily utilized in depth of 200 meters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.228-228
• /
• 2018

강변여과는 지하수 인공함양 방식 중 유도함양(induced recharge) 또는 간접함양 방식에 속한다. 이는 하천 및 강변 부근에 집수시설을 설치한 후, 미고결층 대수층(unconsolidated aquifer)의 자연 오염 저감능을 이용하여 지표수를 간접 취수하는 방식으로 수질이 불량한 지표수가 대수층을 관류하면서 희석, 화학적 이온 교환 및 반응, 흡착, 생물막(biofilm; 미생물에 의한 자연저감), 여과 등을 통하여 수질이 개선된다. 강변여과수내의 용존 농도가 높은 철과 망간은 수처리 비용증가, 용수관정 및 시설물의 수명단축을 초래한다. 따라서 강변여과 지역의 미고결 대수층에서 효과적인 철과 망간 동시 제거(vyredox)를 위해 에어서징(air surging)과 블록 서징(block surging)을 실시하기 위해서 실내 물탱크 모델(water tank model)에서 에어서징에 따른 공기 순환 우물시스템을 관찰하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 현장시험(Test bed)에 적용하였다. 미고결 대층수층에서의 철 망간은 음용수 기준치(각각 0.3 mg/L)를 초과하고 있으며, 강변여과 취수 개발 및 이용을 제한하는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서 사용된 에어서징과 블록서지 기술은 자갈층 및 미고결 대수층에 충진된 슬라임 및 폐색(clogging)을 제거함과 동시에 관정 주변의 대수층의 투수성 개선과 산화환경으로 치환되며, 대수층에 잔존하는 철/망간의 산화물들을 관정내로 빼낼 수 있는 방법이다. 따라서 서징에 따른 폐색 제거효율을 검토한 결과에서 철 망간 이온농도 저감효과와 관정 주변의 수리전도도(hydraulic conductivity) 및 저류계수(coefficient of storage)가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 강변여과에 의한 폐색은 미고결층내 공기주입 및 블록서지를 통하여 철/망간 이온농도 저감 및 수리특성 개선 효과에 유용한 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2012

During rainfall period, to identify the characteristics of the infiltration of moisture, electrical resistivity monitering survey was carried out to weathered zone. Four regions of geophysical exploration areas with different rock types, four regions were selected. An area consists of mafic granite and three areas are composed of sedimentary rocks (Sandstone, Shale, Unconsolidated Mudstone). Survey was conducted from June (rainy season) to November (dry season), and during the period the change in resistivity was observed. According to the result of monitoring exploration on Geumjeong and Jinju areas, for the estimation of the standard rainfall, it is necessary to estimate the effects of the antecedent rainfall during the rainy season based on the overall rainfall from June till October and also necessary to consider this for the estimation of the half period. Also, the vertical distribution of the low resistivity anomaly zone does not show that the infiltration of moisture does not occur uniformly from the surface of the ground to the lower ground but shows that it occurs along the relaxed gap of the crack or soil stratum of the weathering zone. In Pohang area, the type of moisture infiltration is different from that of the granite or sedimentary rock. Since, after the rainfall, the rate of infiltration to the lower ground is high and the period of cultivation to the lower bedrock aquifer is short, it has similar effect to that of the antecedent rainfall applied for the estimation of the standard rainfall being presently used. In Danyang, due to the degree of water content of the ground, the duration period of the low resistivity anomaly zone observed in the lower ground of the place where clastic sedimentary rock is distributed is similar to that in Pohang area. The degree of lateral water diffusion at the time of localized heavy rain is the same as that of the sedimentary rock in Jinju. According to the above analysis results, in Danyang area, the period when the antecedent rainfall has its influence is estimated as three weeks or so.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2007

Unconsolidated and permeable alluvial deposit composed of sand and gravel is distributed along the fluvial plain at the Iryong study area. Previous studies on the area show that a single alluvial well can produce at least 1,650m3d-1 of bank infilterated shallow groundwater(BIGW) from the deposit. This study is aimed to evaluate and simulate the influence that seasonal variation of water levels and temperatures of the river have an effect on those of BIGW under the pumping condition and also to compare seasonal variation of COPs when indirectly pumped BIGW or directly pumped surface water are used for a water to water heat pump system as an heat source and sink using 3 D flow and heat transport model of Feflow. The result shows that the magnitude influenced to water level of BIGW by fluctuation of river water level in summer and winter is about 48% and 75% of Nakdong river water level separately. Seasonal change of river water temperature is about $23.7^{\circ}C$, on other hand that of BIGW is only $3.8^{\circ}C$. The seasonal temperatures of BIGW are ranged from minimum $14.5^{\circ}C$ in cold winter(January) and maximum $18.3^{\circ}C$ in hot summer(July). It stands for that BIGW is a good source of heat energy for heating and cooling system owing to maintaining quite similar temperature($16^{\circ}C$) of background shallow groundwater. Average COPh in winter time and COPc in summer time of BIGW and surface water are estimated about 3.95, 3.5, and about 6.16 and 4.81 respectively. It clearly indicates that coefficient of performance of heat pump system using BIGW are higher than 12.9% in winter time and 28.1% in summer time in comparision with those of surface water.