• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.10-15
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• 2020

Ultraviolet rays, which have wavelengths smaller than 400 nm, are very harmful to the eyes. Recently, high-energy visible light was also revealed to be harmful to retinal cells. Therefore, polymer eyeglass lenses that can block UV and high-energy visible light are needed for eye health. In this study, high-refractive-index polymer eyeglass lens, n=1.67, were manufactured using the injection-mold method with the m-xylene diisocyanate monomer, 2,3-bis((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-1-propanethiol monomer, benzotriazole UV absorber, release of alkyl phosphoric ester, dye mixture of CI solvent violet 13, and catalyst of dibutyltin dichloride mixture. A multi-layer anti-reflection coating was applied to manufactured polymer eyeglass lenses for both sides using an E-beam evaporation system. The optical properties of the manufactured lenses with the UV and high-energy visible light-blocking function were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. As a result, the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5 wt. % blocked 99% of UV and high-energy visible light shorter than 411 nm. The average transmittance of the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5wt.% was 97.9% in the range of 460 ~ 660 nm for photopic eye sensitivity higher than 10%. Therefore, clear image acquisition in photopic vision is possible.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

The human eye and skin is exposed daily to solar energy. Expecially, the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure has been damaged as an important causative factor in corneal disease. These damage of cornea was effected the retina. Therefore the eye function was effected very significant damage. As a results the protect of UVR in the eye is very important in ocular health. Therefore in living the intensive ultraviolet radiation environment by solar energy, human eye have protected the cornea and eyeball by the UV-blocking sunglass, eyeglass, goggles, and contact lens. Finally the specific UV-blocker lens devices available to the primary care for the subjects by optician. Of course, in the future these specific lenses have to development and study by fellowship.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1197-1205
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• 2018

UV protection cosmetics belong to functional cosmetics and contain organic or inorganic UV blocking pigments. The inorganic UV blocking pigments are mainly zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. It is known that inorganic UV blocking pigment has a diameter of 60 to 100 nm and has good blocking ability of UVA and UVB. Also, it has high inactivity against sunlight including UV and is excellent in safety. In addition, it is not absorbed or accumulated on the skin like organic pigments and does not cause skin irritation or allergy. In this study, mica, a plate-shaped inorganic pigment, nanosized titanium dioxide, an UV blocking material, and hydrophobic silica were surface-treated with surfactants. And then, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silica were physically adsorbed on the mica by non-chemical mutual attraction due to differences in charge. Thereafter, the mica complex was surface-treated with silane to prepare a hydrophobic UV blocking pigment complex. The plate-shaped UV blocking composite improves the cohesiveness of a general nanoparticle material titanium dioxide, enhances UV blocking effect due to uniform dispersion, and can greatly improve dispersion stability in cosmetic formulations by surface treatment with hydrophobic property. The surface charge of the pigment was evaluated by zeta potential. The properties of the UV blocking pigment complex were evaluated by FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV-VIS.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2021

Purpose: The ultraviolet reflectance and transmittance of coastal building materials are one of the important factors of ultraviolet radiation in and out of coastal building. In this research, the ultraviolet spectral reflectance of many kinds of building materials was measured. Also, the relationships with the lightness, roughness, and chromaticity, which are surface characteristics, were reviewed and suggested. Method: In this study, according to the CIE classification, the ultraviolet region was defined as short-wavelength region UV-C(10nm~280nm), medium-wavelength region UV-B (280-315 nm), and long-wavelength region UV-A (315-400nm), and the visible light region was defined as (400nm~780nm). Spectrophotometer was used to continuously measure the reflectance from the ultraviolet region to the visible light region. Results: From the measurement results, the ultraviolet reflectance on Wood was shown to be about Visible 55-68%, UV-A^* 7-12%, and UV-B 4-5%. Wall tiles are about Visible18-40%, UV-A^* 8-20%, and UV-B^* 7-8%. That on concrete was shown to be about Visible 37%, UV-A^* 28%, and UV-B^*19%. Conclusion: The ultraviolet reflectance can be estimated by visible reflectance. Also, it is important to select a variety of materials according to the application when blocking UV.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.120-134
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• 2015

This study aimed to determine the physical properties of silk and nylon fabrics that are treated with persimmon juice in accordance with irradiation time of ultraviolet spectrum. Persimmon juice dyeing has the advantage of using the tannin component of the persimmon. Tannin plays an important role in inhibiting photodegradation of fibers or polymers. Among fibrous materials, silk and nylon are prone to deterioration by light. Hence, this study aimed to reduce these weaknesses of silk and nylon by applying persimmon juice treatment. We accordingly carried out investigation and experiments on ultraviolet irradiation, and physical characteristics of treated fabrics. The persimmon juice treatment process led to increased weight and thickness. In addition, the air permeability of silk fabric was increased, as compared to the control specimen; whereas, that of nylon fabric was decreased. Both drape stiffness and flex stiffness of silk and nylon tended to be high in textiles processed with persimmon juice treatment, as compared to the control textile. Peak load and elongation at peak load of untreated samples clearly decreased in both silk and nylon fabrics with the increase of ultraviolet irradiation time, while those of persimmon juice treated samples increased. Furthermore, ultraviolet blocking ratio measurement indicated that the fabric specimens treated with persimmon juice blocked U.V. spectrum better than the control specimen.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.103-107
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• 2023

To solve the reliability problem of organic devices that are often used outdoors, multifunctional gas barriers that block reactive gases such as moisture and oxygen and reflect harmful light such as ultraviolet rays are needed. In this study, ALD nanolaminate-based optically functional n-DBR was developed to overcome the poor gas permeability of polymer substrates and protect organic devices from harmful light. n-DBR not only achieved a WVTR of 8.76 × 10^-6 g·m^-2·day^-1, but also showed a visible light transmittance of 94.3% and an ultraviolet ray blocking ability of 2.67%. In particular, n-DBR based on a nanolaminate structure maintained its permeability characteristics even in a high temperature and high humidity environment despite being used as a layer of Al₂O₃. This functional barrier Structure can not only be used as a functional encapsulation barrier for the reliability of organic devices, but can also be used as a tinting film for vehicles.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.669-671
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• 2016

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method and also silver was introduced on the surface of HAP through an ion exchange reaction. The crystal phase and morphology of HAP were then evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the absorption property of HAP was characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of silver nanoparticles on the surface of HAP was also verified by XRD and TEM analysis. Particularly, the silver doped HAP showed an enhanced absorption property in UV-Vis region compared to that of the pristine HAP.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2019

I reviewed about dyeing fastness and functional properties of the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron mordant dyed cotton with astringent persimmon juice. In the UV-VIS spectrum of astringent persimmon juice, the maximum absorption wavelength of the juice was 272.0 nm, which was a characteristic peak of tannin. In dyeing fastness, light fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton was a little low at grade 2~3. But by the iron mordant treatment, the light fastness was good at grade 4. Dry cleaning fastness to discoloration and contamination was excellent at grade 4~5 for both the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron-mordant dyed cotton. Their rub fastness were grade 3 and grade 2~3 respectively, in the dry condition, and grade 2~3 and grade 3 respectively, in the wet condition. In the perspiration fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton, the discoloration from acidity and alkalinity was grade 3~4 and grade 3, respectively, and contamination from acidity and alkalinity was relatively good at grade 4. Meanwhile, in the perspiration fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton, discoloration from acidity and alkalinity was fair, both recording grade 3~4, and contamination from acidity and alkalinity was very good, both recording grade 4~5. In the ultraviolet protection effect of the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron-mordant dyed cotton, the ultraviolet protection factor was both 50+, both of which showed an excellent ultraviolet blocking effect. And the protection rate of UV-A appeared 98.4% and 99.1%, respectively, and the protection rate of UV-B showed 98.7% and 99.2, respectively. In addition, both exhibited an excellent deodorization rate over 99.9% or more, irrespective of the passage of time. Also, both showed an excellent antimicrobial activity over 99.9% or more against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

In this study the optimum dyeing conditions and blocking effect of UV deodorization efficiency of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb were investigated. Colorants were water-extracted from Ligustrum japonicum Thunb fruit and freeze-drided to obtain colorants powder. The effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and the number of dipping count were studied. Fastness to dry cleaning, rubbing, perspiration, and light were measured according to KS K 0644, KS K 0650, KS K 0715 and KS K 0700, respectively. In order to examine the dyeability according to dyeing conditions, reflectance of fabrics were measured by using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The bath ratio was 1:20. Dyeing concentration was 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500% on the weight of fiber. Dyeing time was 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes. Dyeing temperature was 20, 40, 60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$. The infrared high pressure dying machine was used. As dyeing concentration increased, dye adsorption increased up to 400% and it slowed down. Dye uptake was increased with raising themperature up to $80^{\circ}C$ and it slowed down. Dye adsorption occurred rapidly at first 20 minutes and then it slowed down and reached almost maximum dye uptake at 60 min. Dye uptake increased by repeated dyeing. Therefore, it is considered that optimum dyeing condition is 400%(o.w.f.), $80^{\circ}C$, 60 min. And repeated dyeing improves dye uptake. Color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing was good, but light fastness and perspiration fastness was not good. Blocking effect of ultraviolet radiation and deodorization efficiency was good.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2002

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, is reported to ameliorate inflammation and inhibit the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages stimulated with endotoxin. It is also reported that FDP has cytoprotective effects against hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain and heart, and may play a protective role in ultraviolet B (UVB, 280~320 nm)-injured keratinocyte by attenuating prostaglandin (PG)-E$_2$production and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, which are possibly through blocking the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Therefore FDP is considered to act as a potent antioxidant especially in the skin. We conducted the several safety tests (single-dose toxicity, primary skin irritation test, eye irritation test, skin sensitization test, phototoxicity test, photosenitization test and human patch test) to see if FDP is safe in case used for the skin application. Our data obtained hitherto suggest that FDP is very safe if applied to the skin.