• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.284-287
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 hGM-CSF를 생산하는 형질전환된 담배세포배양에서 ultrasound가 세포생장과 hGM-CSF 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 세포의 생장은 ultrasound에 노출된 직후 약간의 저해를 보이지만 2일후에 정상의 세포와 비슷한 수준으로 회복되었다. 세포 외부로 분비되는 hGM-CSF는 ultrasound에 노출된 직후 증가하고 그 이후 감소하다 배양후반에 증가를 보였다. 세포내부에서 생산되는 hGM-CSF는 ultrasound 처리 이후 전반적으로 대조구보다 많이 생산됨을 보였다. 총 생산된 hGM-CSF는ultrasound에 노출 시킨 배양 6일째 $34.9\;{\mu}g/L$로 최대였으며 대조구보다 31.5%의 증가를 보였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2014

Recently, ultrasound therapy has become a new and effective treatment for many brain diseases. Therefore, skull-mimicking phantoms have been developed to simulate the skull and brain tissue of a human and allow further research into ultrasound therapy. In this study, the suitability of various skull-mimicking materials(HDPE, POM C, Acrylic) for studies of brain-tumor treatments was evaluated using focused ultrasound. The acoustic properties of three synthetic resins were measured. The skull-mimicking materials were then combined with an egg white phantom to observe the differences in the ultrasound beam distortion according to the type of material. High-intensity polyethylene was found to be suitable as a skull-mimicking phantom because it had acoustic properties and a denatured-area shape that was close to those of the skull,. In this study, a skull-mimicking phantom with a multi-layer structure was produced after evaluating several skull-mimicking materials. This made it possible to predict the denaturation in a skull in relation to focused ultrasound. The development of a therapeutic protocol for a range of brain diseases will be useful in the future.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 고강도 초음파를 이용하여 분자량이 다른 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)를 증류수에 분산시켜 초음파 가진(加振) 시간이 PEO의 성질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 고강도 초음파는 PEO 수용액 상에서 동공 형성 및 파괴를 일으켜서 PEO 거대 라디칼을 형성하였으며 이로인하여 PEO 자체의 유변학적 성질, 화학 구조 그리고 용융 거동이 현저하게 변화되었다. 초음파 가진에 의하여 PEO의 용융 점도는 감소되었고, 물과 PEO 사슬에서 비롯된 여러 종류의 라디칼들의 상호 작용으로 말미암아 새로운 말단기들이 생성되었다. 아울러 분자량에 따라 상이한 용융 거동을 나타내었는데, 상대적으로 분자량이 큰 경우에는 가진되지 않은 PEO에 비하여 결정화 속도가 느려지고 용융 피크의 강도가 감소되는 특성을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4141-4144
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• 2012

This paper introduces a technique for resolving amino acids that combines the advantages of the conventional CSP (chiral stationary phase) method with the CMPA (chiral mobile phase additive) method. A commercially available chiral crown ether column, CROWNPAK CR(+), was used as the CSP and three cyclodextrins (${\beta}$-CD, ${\gamma}$-CD, HP-${\beta}$-CD) were used as the mobile phase additives. Chromatographic resolution was performed at $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ with or without sonication. A comparison of the chromatographic results under ultrasonic conditions with those under non-ultrasonic conditions showed that ultrasound decreased the elution time and enantioselectivity at all temperatures. In the case of the ${\beta}$-CD mobile phase additive, the elution time and enantioselectivity under ultrasonic condition were significantly higher than under non-sonic condition at all temperatures. Commercially available Chiralpak AD, Whelk-O2 and Pirkle 1-J columns were used as CSPs to examine more meticulously the effects of ultrasonication and temperature on the optical resolution. The optical resolution of some chiral samples analyzed at $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ with or without sonication was compared. As in the previous case, the enantioselectivity was lower at $25^{\circ}C$ but similar enantioselectivity was observed at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.10-26
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• 2019

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an emerging new technology with considerable potential to treat various neurological diseases. With refinement of ultrasound transducer technology and integration with magnetic resonance imaging guidance, transcranial sonication of precise cerebral targets has become a therapeutic option. Intensity is a key determinant of ultrasound effects. High-intensity focused ultrasound can produce targeted lesions via thermal ablation of tissue. MRgFUS-mediated stereotactic ablation is non-invasive, incision-free, and confers immediate therapeutic effects. Since the US Food and Drug Administration approval of MRgFUS in 2016 for unilateral thalamotomy in medication-refractory essential tremor, studies on novel indications such as Parkinson's disease, psychiatric disease, and brain tumors are underway. MRgFUS is also used in the context of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening at low intensities, in combination with intravenously-administered microbubbles. Preclinical studies show that MRgFUS-mediated BBB opening safely enhances the delivery of targeted chemotherapeutic agents to the brain and improves tumor control as well as survival. In addition, BBB opening has been shown to activate the innate immune system in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid plaque clearance and promotion of neurogenesis in these studies suggest that MRgFUS-mediated BBB opening may be a new paradigm for neurodegenerative disease treatment in the future. Here, we review the current status of preclinical and clinical trials of MRgFUS-mediated thermal ablation and BBB opening, described their mechanisms of action, and discuss future prospects.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2009

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)을 에멀젼 상태에서 초음파를 조사하여 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)을 중합하였다. 중합에 활용된 초음파 반응기는 주파수가 20 KHz의 horn 유형과 40 KHz의 bath 유형이었으며, horn과 bath를 혼용한 경우의 중합 공정의 특성도 평가해 보았다. 고려된 주요 변수들은 반응 온도와 초음파 조사 시간 이었으며, 중합물에 대하여 각 시료의 고유 점도와 전환율 측정을 통하여 각 중합공정의 효율성과 특성을 조사하고, 최적의 공정 조건을 도출해 보고자 하였다. Horn 유형의 반응기에서는 수 분 이내에 80% 이상의 전환율이 달성되고 높은 점도의 PDMS를 얻을 수 있었으나, 조사 시간에 따라 전환율과 점도는 최대값을 보인 이후에 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 초음파의 강도가 상대적으로 약하게 유지되는 bath 유형의 반응기에서는 1 h 이상의 조사가 필요하였으며, horn 유형과 달리 전환율과 점도가 조사 시간에 따라 지속적으로 증가하는 경향이 지배적이었다. Horn유형과 bath유형을 조합한 혼합형 반응기에서는 다른 반응기와는 매우 다른 결과들이 나타났으며, 각 반응기의 특성은 전산 모사를 이용한 반응기 내의 음파 해석을 바탕으로 설명되었다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2002

A series of thermoplastic polymers and their blends were melt-processed with high intensity ultrasonic wave in an intensive mixer. For the effective transfer of ultrasonic energy, an experimental apparatus was specially designed so that polymer melt can directly contact with ultrasonic horn. It was observed that significant variations in the rheological properties of polymers occur due to the unique action of ultrasonic wave without any aid of chemical additives. It was also found that the direct sonication on immiscible polymer blends in melt state reduces the domain sizes considerably and stabilizes the phase morphology of the blends. The degree of compatibilization was strongly affected by viscosity ratio of the components and the morphology was stable after annealing in properly compatibilized blends. It is suggested that ultrasound assisted melt mixing can lead to in-situ copolymer formation between the components and consequently provide an effective route to compatibilize immiscible polymer blends.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Ultrasound sonication along with microbubble (MB) could enhance drug delivery to promote the absorption of anticancer drugs into cancers in a noninvasive and targeted manners. In this study, we verify the acute drug delivery enhancement (within an hour) of two representative focused ultrasound driven drug delivery enhancement methods (MB and Doxorubicin-coated Nanoparticle complex (MB-NP) based). Experiments were conducted using in vivo mouse model with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Ultrasound generated by single-element 1 MHz focused ultrasound transducer was delivered in pulsed sonication consisted of 0.125 msec bursts at a pulse repetition frequency of 2 Hz for 20 seconds without a significant increase in local temperature (less than $0.1^{\circ}C$) or hemorrhage. Doxorubicin concentrations in tumors were improved by 1.97 times in the case of MB-NP, and 1.98 times by using Doxorubicin and MB separately. These results indicate anticancer drug delivery based on MB and MB-NP can significantly improve the effect of anticancer drugs delivered to tumors in a short time period by using low-intensity focused ultrasound.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 난분해성 물질인 페놀을 초음파와 자외선 광선(UV-C)을 이용하여 분해를 알아본 연구이다. 초음파, 자외선, 그리고 초음파와 자외선의 결합반응에서 주파수, 온도, 용액의 pH, 아르곤 가스 purging, 그리고 자외선 세기의 효과를 조사하였다. 초음파 단독 반응의 경우 pH 4, $5^{\circ}C$, 35kHz에서 360분 동안 30%의 페놀의 최적 분해효율을 보였다. 자외선(UV-C) 단독 반응의 경우 $19.3\;mW/cm^2$의 자외선 세기와 pH 4, $5^{\circ}C$에서 60분에 100%의 페놀 분해 효율을 보였다. 이에 반하여 초음파와 자외선의 결합반응에서는 동일 조건에서 45분 동안 페놀이 모두 제거되었다. 초음파와 자외선의 결합 반응에서 페놀은 자외선 강도가 $7.6\;mW/cm^2$일 때 360분 안에 $19.3\;mW/cm^2$일 때는 45분 안에 완전히 분해되었고, 각각의 분해 속도 상수는 $17.3{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}$와 $138.1{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}$이었다. 페놀의 분해반응에서 OH 라디칼의 scavenger로 작용하는 메탄올을 첨가하는 실험을 한 결과 초음파와 자외선 광선의 조합반응에서 페놀 분해의 주요인자는 OH 라디칼이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 페놀 분해의 반응효율 비교는 초음파 + 광반응 조합반응 > 자외선 광선 단독 반응 > 초음파 단독 반응과 같이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2023

Objective : The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an obstacle for molecules to pass through from blood to the brain. Focused ultrasound is a new method which temporarily opens the BBB, which makes pharmaceutical delivery or removal of neurodegenerative proteins possible. This study was demonstrated to review our BBB opening procedure with magnetic resonance guided images and find specific patterns in the BBB opening. Methods : In this study, we reviewed the procedures and results of two clinical studies on BBB opening using focused ultrasound regarding its safety and clinical efficacy. Magnetic resonance images were also reviewed to discover any specific findings. Results : Two clinical trials showed clinical benefits. All clinical trials demonstrated safe BBB opening, with no specific side effects. Magnetic resonance imaging showed temporary T1 contrast enhancement in the sonication area, verifying the BBB opening. Several low-signal intensity spots were observed in the T2 susceptibility-weighted angiography images, which were also reversible and temporary. Although these spots can be considered as microbleeding, evidence suggests these are not ordinary microbleeding but an indicator for adequate BBB opening. Conclusion : Magnetic resonance images proved safe and efficient BBB opening in humans, using focused ultrasound.