• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 2014

Recently, there has been fierce argument between oriental and western doctors in the medical field. The use of medical devices has particularly come to the fore lately. Appropriate medical devices are required to diagnose and treat patients' conditions or illnesses accurately. At issue recently in medical device sector are diagnostic instruments using radiation, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, IPL(Intense Pulse Light), and instruments used for tonometry. Relating to this issue, Association of Korean Oriental Medicine and The Association of Korean Medicine are sharply opposed. It is predicted that more accusations of this kind will be seen in the future. As oriental medicine contends, ultrasonic imaging itself seems to cause no harm to humans and its use may have an advantage for national health. The use of western diagnostic equipment can expand the diagnostic range of oriental doctors. However, unless new legislation is made, it is against the law for oriental doctors to use this equipment. Both law and medical science require grounds and predictability on the correctness of a decision and all of its consequences. Additionally, oriental medicine's use of ultrasounds and other medical devices should be established by standards and grounds which make same the diagnosis with repetition. Therefore, the scope of oriental medicine can be expanded following a revision of the Oriental Medicine Promotion Act and it is estimated that the state of national health will be greatly improved by the mutual respect of both sides of the health profession.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.483-488
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• 2016

Ultrasound imaging by using piezoelectric materials, such as lead zirconium titanate (PZT) has been one of the most preferred modes of imaging in the medical field due to its simple, low cost and non-ionizing radiation in comparison to other imaging techniques. Recently, the market demand for portable ultrasound is becoming larger with applications in developing countries, disaster area, military, and emergency purposes. However, most of ultrasound probes used is bulky and high power consumable, so unsuitable for such applications. In this study, the 3 layered ceramic specimen consisted of 128 pitches of $420{\mu}m$ in width and $450{\mu}m$ in thickness were prepared by using the Ti-rich PZT compositions co-fired at $1,050^{\circ}C$. Their electrical and ultrasound pulse-echo properties were investigated and compared to the single layer specimen. The 3 layered ultrasound probe showed 1.584 V of Vp-p, which is 3.2 times higher than single layered one, implying that it would allow effectively such a portable ultrasound probe system. The result were discussed in terms of higher capacitance, lower impedance and higher dielectric coefficient of the 3 layered ultrasound probe.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.4 s.287
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• pp.259-263
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• 2006

The applicability of UPT (Ultrasound Pulse Thermography) for real-time defect detection of the ceramic heating plate is described. The ceramic heating plate with superior insulation and high radiation is used to control the water temperature in underwater environment. The underwater temperature control system can be damaged owing to the short circuit, which resulted from the defect of the ceramic heating plate. A high power ultrasonic energy with pulse duration of 280 ms was injected into the ceramic heating plate in the vertical direction. The ultrasound excited vibration energy sent into the component propagate inside the sample until they were converted to the heat in the vicinity of the defect. Therefore, an injection of the ultrasound pulse wave which results in heat generation, turns the defect into a local thermal wave transmitter. Its local emission is monitored and recorded via the thermal infrared camera at the surface which is processed by image recording system. Measurements were Performed on 4 kinds of samples, composed of 3 intact plates and the defect plate. The observed thermal image revealed two area of crack in the defective ceramic heating plate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2007

An UET (ultrasound excited thermography) has been used for several years for a remote non-destructive testing in the automotive and aircraft industry. It provides a thermo sonic image for a defect detection. A thermograhy is based On a propagation and a reflection of a thermal wave, which is launched from the surface into the inspected sample by an absorption of a modulated radiation. For an energy deposition to a sample, the UET uses an ultrasound excited vibration energy as an internal heat source. In this paper the applicability of the UET for a realtime defect detection is described. Measurements were performed on two kinds of pipes made from a copper and a CFRP material. In the interior of the CFRP pipe (70mm diameter), a groove (width - 6mm, depth - 2.7mm, and length - 70mm) was engraved by a milling. In the case of the copper pipe, a defect was made with a groove (width - 2mm, depth - 1mm, and length - 110 mm) by the same method. An ultrasonic vibration energy of a pulsed type is injected into the exterior side of the pipe. A hot spot, which is a small area around the defect was considerably heated up when compared to the other intact areas, was observed. A test On a damaged copper pipe produced a thermo sonic image, which was an excellent image contrast when compared to a CFRP pipe. Test on a CFRP pipe with a subsurface defect revealed a thermo sonic image at the groove position which was a relatively weak contrast.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The angular dependence (or profile) of backscattered ultrasound was measured for steel specimens with a range of surface roughness, $1{\sim}71{\mu}m$. Backscattering profiles at or near the Rayleigh angle still showed roughness dependence while the assessment of surface roughness via normal profile became impossible due to the paint layer masking the roughness. The peak amplitude directly radiated at the Rayleigh angle was proportional to the surface roughness, while the averaged peak amplitude radiated from the backward propagating Rayleigh wave, produced by reflection at a corner, was inversely proportional. In the painted specimens, the linearity of direct backward radiation with the roughness was observed even at the roughness of less than three hundredths of a wavelength, and the abnormal multiple bark reflection caused by periodic roughness disappeared.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.432-437
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• 2008

In this study, polysilanes were synthesized by electroreduction with different monomers such as $CH_3HSiCl_2$, $PhSiCl_3$, $CH_3SiCl_3$ and $(CH_3)_2SiCl_2$ by Mg electrodes under ultrasonic radiation. The effects of monomers and additives (p-dibromobenzene (DBB), naphthalene (NAPH) and anthracene (ANTH)) on the reaction rate were investigated. Polymerization of $PhSiCl_3$ among the four monomers showed the highest rate. p-dibromobenzene (DBB) was proved the most effective additive. Based on the observations, some possible reaction mechanisms of the polymerization were proposed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

Respiration sating radiotherapy technique developed In consideration of the movement of body surface and Internal organs during respiration, is categorized into the method of analyzing the respiratory volume for data processing and that of keeping track of fiducial landmark or dermatologic markers based on radiography. However, since these methods require high-priced equipments for treatment and are used for the specific radiotherapy. Therefore, we should develop new essential method whilst ruling out the possible problems. This study alms to obtain body surface motion by using the couch based computer-controlled motion phantom (CBMP) and US sensor, and to develop respiration gating techniques that can adjust patients' beds by using opposite values of the data obtained. The CBMP made to measure body surface motion is composed of a BS II microprocessor, sensor, host computer and stopping motor etc. And the program to control and operate It was developed. After the CBMP was adjusted by entering random movement data, and the phantom movements were acquired using the sensors, the two data were compared and analyzed. And then, after the movements by respiration were acquired by using a rabbit, the real-time respiration gating techniques were drawn by operating the phantom with the opposite values of the data. The result of analysing the acquisition-correction delay time for the data value shows that the data value coincided within 1% and that the acquistition-correction delay time was obtained real-time $(2.34{\times}10^{-4}sec)$. And the movement was the maximum movement was 6 mm In Z direction, In which the respiratory cycle was 2.9 seconds. This study successfully confirms the clinical application possibility of respiration gating techniques by using a CBWP and sensor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7121-7126
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• 2013

Aim: To examine lymph nodes obtained after lipolysis and liposuction of subcutaneous fat of the inguinal region of female vulvar cancer patients to explore the feasibility of clinical application. Methods: The field of operation was on the basis of the range of the conventional resection of inguinal lymph nodes. We injected lipolysis liquid fanwise, started liposuction after 15-20 minutes; then the subcutaneous fatty tissue was sucked out clearly by suction tube. We selected the first puncture holes located on 2-3 cm part below anterior superior spine, the others respectively being located 3cm and 6cm below the first for puncturing into the skin, imbedding a trocar to intorduce $CO_2$ gas and the specular body, and excise the lymph nodes by ultrasonic scalpel. The surgical field chamber was set with negative pressure drainage and was pressured with a soft saline bag after surgery. Results: A lacuna emerged from subcutaneous of the inguinal region after lipolysis and liposuction, with a wide fascia easily exposed at the bottom where lymph nodes could be readily excised. The number of lymph nodes of ten patients excised within the inguinal region on each side was 4-18. The excised average number of lymph nodes was 11 when we had mature technology. Conclusion: Most of adipose tissue was removed after lipolysis and liposuction of subcutaneous tissue of inguinal region, so that the included lymph nodes were exposed and easy to excise by endoscope. This surgery avoided the large incision of regular surgery of inguinal region, the results indicating that this approach is feasible and safe for used as an alternative technology.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.199-212
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• 2007

If a type IP-2 transport package were to be subjected to a free drop test and a penetration test under the normal conditions of transport, it should prevent a loss or dispersal of the radioactive contents and a more than 20% increase in the maximum radiation level at any external surface of the package. In this paper, we suggested the analytic method to evaluate the structural safety of a type IP-2 transport package using a thick steel plate for a structure part and a bolt for tying a bolt. Using an analysis a loss or dispersal of the radioactive contents and a loss of shielding integrity were confirmed for two kinds of type IP-2 transport packages to transport radioactive waste drums from a waste facility to a temporary storage site in a nuclear power plant. Under the free drop condition the maximum average stress at the bolts and the maximum opening displacement of a lid were compared with the tensile stress of a bolt and the steps in a lid, which were made to avoid a streaming radiation in the shielding path, to evaluate a loss or dispersal of radioactive waste contents. Also a loss of shielding integrity was evaluated using the maximum decrease in a shielding thickness. To verify the impact dynamic analysis for free drop test condition and evaluate experimentally the safety of two kinds of type IP-2 transport packages, free drop tests were conducted with various drop directions. For the tests we examined the failure of bolts and the deformation of flange to evaluate a loss or dispersal of radioactive material and measured the shielding thickness using a ultrasonic thickness gauge to assess a loss of shielding integrity. The strains and accelerations acquired from tests were compared with those by analyses to verify the impact dynamic analysis. The analytic results were larger than the those of test so that the analysis showed the conservative results. Finally, we evaluated the safety of the type IP-2 transport package under the stacking test condition using a finite element analysis. Under the stacking test condition, the maximum Tresca stress of the shielding material was 1/3 of the yielding stress. Two kinds of a type IP-2 transport package were safe for the free drop test condition and the stacking test condition.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the roughness and surface alternations of three differently blasted titanium discs treated by $Nd:YVO_4$ Laser irradiation in different conditions. Materials and methods: Thirty commercially pure titanium discs were prepared and divided into three groups. Each group was consisted of 10 samples and blasted by $ZrO_2$ (zirconium dioxide), $Al_2O_3$ (aluminum oxide), and RBM (resorbable blasted media). All the samples were degreased by ultrasonic cleaner afterward. Nine different conditions were established by changing scanning speed (100, 300, 500 mm/s) and repetition rate (5, 15, 35 kHz) of $Nd:YVO_4$ Laser (Laser Pro D-20, Laserval $Korea^{(R)}$, Seoul, South Korea). After laser irradiation, a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, and surface roughness analysis were used to assess the roughness and surface alternations of the samples. Results: According to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), titanium discs treated with laser irradiation showed characteristic patterns in contrast to the control which showed irregular patterns. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, only $Al_2O_3$ group showed its own peak. The oxidation tendency and surface roughness of titanium were similar to the control in the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis. The surface roughness was inversely proportional to the scanning speed, whereas proportional to the repetition rate of $Nd:YVO_4$. Conclusion: The surface microstructures and roughness of the test discs were modified by the radiation of $Nd:YVO_4$ laser. Therefore, laser irradiation could be considered one of the methods to modify implant surfaces for the enhancement of osseointegration.