• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.394-403
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• 2000

The functional properties of sesame protein concentrate(SPC) using different size of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes were examined and compared with those of conventional acid-precipitated sesame protein concentrate. The protein contents of SPC by UF with molecular size of 10K, 30K and look dalton membranes were 84.2%, 82.7%, and 76.4%, respectively, and that of acid-precipitated SPC was 88.7%. The nitrogen solubility of SPC by UF was higher than that of conventional SPC at various pH levels. Especially, it showed three-fold increase at near isoelectric point. However, water absorption capacity and fat absorption capacity of SPC by UF were decreased. For emulsion and foam properties, there were no significant differences between SPC by acid precipitation and SPC by UF method. At various pH levels, SPC by membrane with pore size of 30K dalton showed the highest emulsion properties. The SPC by UF had slightly higher viscosity than defatted sesame flour and SPC by acid precipitation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2008

For physiological function of aloe concentrate by ultrafiltration (UF) process, jack bean urease inhibitory activity and bentonite flocculating activity of UF aloe concentrate was investigated and compared with fresh aloe gel. Urease inhibitory activity of UF aloe concentrate ranged from 87 to 90% in 1 mL sample. Also, urease inhibitory activity of UF aloe concentrate increased about 10% by heat treatment showing the heat stability. From Lineweaver-Burk plot for UF aloe concentrate, urease inhibition pattern indicated general non-competitive inhibition. From flocculation test of UF aloe concentrate about 1% (w/v) bentonite suspension, maximum flocclulating activity of 97% was obtained at 0.5 mL addition of UF aloe concentrate/ 5 ml bentonite suspension. However, flocculating activity of 81% was obtained at 1 mL addition of UF aloe concentrate/ 5 mL bentonite suspension, which was typical flocculating behavior of polymers with re-dispersion at overdose area. FT-IR spectra of UF aloe concentrate showed the characteristic patterns of $\beta$-binding polysaccharide and less deacetylation indicating higher level of bioactive polysaccharide content.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

In this study we compared traditional cheesemaking process with the process utilizing ultrafiltration(UF) system. The whole milk retentates were prepared by ultrafiltration to volume concentration ratio(VCR) of 2.00:1, 2.25:1 and 2.50:1. Along with the untreated whole milk, there were studies in terms of the change of pH, titratable acidity and Soxhlet-Henkel($\circ $SH) value by mesophilic lactic starter and curd formation by rennet during Gouda cheese manufacture. Due to the increase of buffering effect titratable acidity and $\circ $SH value increased with the higher concentration ratio. When inoculated with the same volume of mesophilic lactic starter, less pH change occurred in UF retentates than in control milk. When added 0.0025% rennet, UF retentates coagulated 16~ 17 minutes ealier then the control milk. Gouda cheese yield from raw milk and UF retentates was 12.5~13.1% equally, but yield efficiency of UF retentate cheese was slightly higher than that of the raw milk cheese. Quantity of whey from retentate cheese was inversely related to VCR. But whey from retentate cheese contained higher percentage of amjor components than that from control milk cheese. In early ripening, the concentrations of lactose and soluble nitrogen compound were higher in retentate cheeses. Lactose content of control milk cheese was 3.49% and that of 2.00:1. 2.25:1, 2.50:1 VCR retentate was 3.77%, 4.89%, 7.03%, respectively. Thus, the more concentrated cheese contained a higher amount of lactose and all the lactose was hyerolyzed durion 35-day ripenion period. Soluble nitrogen compound of control milk cheese was 1.22% and that of UF cheeses was 1.82~2.06%. After 20-day ripening, soluble nitrogen compound increased starply in UF cheese.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination has gained wide and increasing acceptance around the world as a straightforward undertaking to alleviate the alarming water crisis. An enhanced monitoring of the quality of the water feeding in seawater RO (SWRO) plant through the application of an effective pretreatment option is one of the keys to the success of RO technology in desalination plants. Over the past 10 years, advances in ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technologies in application for water and wastewater treatment have prompted an impetus for using membrane pretreatment in seawater desalination plants. By integrating SWRO plant with UF pretreatment, the rate of membrane fouling can be significantly reduced and thus extend the life of RO membrane. With the growing importance and significant advances attained in UF pretreatment, this review presents an overview of UF pretreatment in SWRO plants. The advantages offered by UF as an alternative of pretreatment option are compared to the existing conventionally used technologies. The current progress made in the integration of SWRO with UF pretreatment is also highlighted. Finally, the recent advances pursued in UF technology is reviewed in order to provide an insight and hence path the way for the future development of this technology.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.45-48
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• 2000

Reverse osmosis filtration(RO) system and ultrafiltration(UF) system are principally use for domestic home drinking water treatment systems. The object of this study is to make a comparison between two systems in terms of theirs abilities to remove RNA coilphage QB as an indicator of pathogenic enteroviruses. The virus removal ratio of RO system was 99.999%, which was higher than EPA virus treatment guideline(99.99%). In the course of filtration, removal ratios of sediment filter, pre-carbon filter, reverse osmosis membrane and post-carbon filter were 75.000%, 93.208%, 99.997% and 99.999%, repectively. In case of UF system, virus removal ratio was 99.708%. Removal ratios of sediment filter, pre-carbon filter, post-carbon filter and ultrafiltration membration membrane were 71.038%, 91.530%, 98.283% and 99.708%, respecively, in UF steps. Therefore, RO system is more effective than UF system in virus removal.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.175-181
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• 1997

This paper describes the commercial application of custom ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in the resolution of two aqueous-based problems: the recovery and recycling of laundry wash water and the fmal polishing of sodium hydroxide sterilization solution in the dairy and brewing industries. Both applications are currently in the pilot Stage and employ custom-made UF membranes developed by Liumar Technologies Corporation of Ottawa, Canada.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.183-195
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• 2014

The efficiency of two metal ions (cadmium, zinc) removal from aqueous solutions by ultrafiltration (UF) and Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) processes were investigated in this work. The UF and PEUF studies were carried out using an ultrafiltration tangential cell system equipped with 5.000 MWCO regenerated cellulose. A water-soluble polymer: the polyacrylic acid (PAA) was used as complexant for PEUF experiments. The effects of transmembrane pressure, pH, metal ions and loading ratio on permeate fluxes and metal ions removals were evaluated. In UF process, permeate fluxes increase linearly with increasing pH for different transmembrane pressure, which may be the consequence of the formation of soluble metal hydroxyl complexes in the aqueous phase. In PEUF process, above pH 5.0, the Cd(II) retention reaches a plateau at 90% and Zn(II) at 80% for L = 5. Also, cadmium retention at different L is greater than zinc retention at pH varying from 5.0 to 9.0. In a mixture solution, cadmium retention is higher than zinc for different loading ratio, this is due to interactions between carboxylic groups of PAA and metal ions and more important with cadmium ions.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2023

Milk protein is often fractionated/concentrated by using various techniques in dairy industries. Among these techniques, ultrafiltration (UF) is particularly efficient at concentrating the casein fraction of milk protein. The objectives of this study were to produce casein hydrolysates by concentrating the casein fraction in skim milk using the UF technique and to investigate the chemical composition of the casein hydrolysates. The skim milk was concentrated using a UF laboratory test unit equipped with 10 kDa and 30 kDa membranes. After UF, the protein content of the milk was concentrated up to ~7.2% and the Ca was concentrated up to ~196 mg/100 g of milk. Trypsin was then added to the concentrated skim milk to produce the casein hydrolysates. The results of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the casein fraction was not present after hydrolysis, indicating that casein in the milk had been hydrolyzed. The Ca content in the casein hydrolysates was much higher (p<0.05) compared to Ca content in commercial casein phosphopeptides (CPP) indicating that was acidified during the manufacture of commercial CPP. In conclusion, it seems that casein hydrolysates containing large concentrations of protein and Ca can also be made from concentrated UF milk without acidification or renneting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 1996

Ultrafiltration(UF) and powdered activated carbon(PAC) adsorption were combined to treat wastewater contaminated with refractory organic compounds. Secondary sewage effluent of RBC process was used for the investigation. It was determined from batch test results that a contact time of 2 hours and a PAC dose of 450mg/l would be used in the experiments. Backwashing was accomplished by forcing the permeates back ward with pressure of $2.5kgf/m^2$ for 90 seconds. It was shown that refractory organics removal by the PAC-UF process was more efficient than UF process without PAC pretreatments. As backwashing frequency was decreased from four times to one time in an hour, the removal efficiency was significantly increased. The addition of PAC to the UF process mitigated the fluctuation of filtrate quality which was increased in UF process without PAC treatment as transmembrane pressure was increased.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.225-237
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• 2011

In this study, response of reversibility of membrane flux during chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) to changes in filtration time, filtration flux and coagulant concentration dosing during ultrafiltration (UF) process was investigated using a regression model. The model was developed via empirical modelling approach using response surface methodology. In developing the model, statistically designed UF experiments were conducted and the results compared with the model output. The results showed that the performance of CEB, evaluated in terms of the reversibility of the membrane flux, depends strongly on the changes in coagulant concentration dosage and the filtration flux. Also the response of the reversibility of membrane flux during CEB is independent of the filtration time. The variance ratio, VR << $F_{value}$ and $R^2$ = 0.98 obtained from the cross-validation experiments indicate perfect agreement of the model output with experimental results and also testify to the validity and suitability of the model to predict reversibility of the membrane flux during CEB in UF operation.