• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2003

Frictional properties of ultra-thin carbon coatings on silicon wafer were investigated based on Taguchi experimental design method. Sensitivity analysis was performed with normal load, relative humidity, deposition process, and coating thickness as the variables. It was found that despite low thickness, the carbon coating resulted in relatively low friction coefficient. Also, the frictional behavior was affected significantly by humidity and normal load.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.161-162
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• 2002

This study concerns the tribological behaviors of ultra-thin DLC coating with 3 nm thickness deposited in a mixed gas of argon + 20 % hydrogen as a function of humidity. Reciprocating wear tests employing a micro wear tester were performed under various normal loads and relative humidity in air environment. The chemical composition of the original and worn surfaces were studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It showed that the ultra-thin DLC coating exhibited low friction with enough wear stability at low normal load (0.18 N) and its tribological behavior was strongly dependent on the humidity. The sample surfaces before and after the test were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Capillary force and meniscus areas were discussed in order to explain the influence of humidity on the friction force.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Ultrafine Particle number and size distributions were simultaneously measured at rural area around the power plant in Dangjin, South Korea. New Particle formation and growth events were frequently observed during January, 2021 and classified based on their strength and persistence as well as the variation in geometric mean diameter(GMD) on January 12, 21 and 17. In this study, we investigated mechanisms of new particle growth based on measurements using a high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS). On Event days(Jan 12 and 21), the total average growth rate was found to be 8.46 nm/h~24.76 nm/hr. These growth rate are comparable to those reported for other urban and rural sites in South Korea using different method. Comparing to the Non-Event day(Jan 17), New Particle Growth mostly occurred when solar radiation is peaked and relative humidity is low in daytime, moreover enhanced under the condition of higher precusors, NO₂ (39.9 vs 6.2ppb), VOCs(129.5 vs 84.6ppb), NH₃(11 vs 4.7ppb). The HR-ToF-AMS PM_1.0 composition shows Organic and Ammoniated nitrate were dominant species effected by emission source in domestic. On the other hand, The Fraction of Ammoniated sulfate was calculated to be approximately 16% and 31% when air quality is inflow from China. Longer term studies are needed to help resolve the relative contributions of each precusor species on new particle growth characteristics.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.342-352
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• 2023

Ultra-violet(UV)는 비생물학적 스트레스 요인 중 하나로 식물체 내 산화적인 스트레스를 유발하지만 적정한 수준의 UV조사는 식물체 내 항산화 파이토케미컬 함량을 증진시키는 도구가 될 수 있다. UV에 노출된 식물의 항산화적 페놀릭 물질 축적의 반응은 식물(종, 품종, 연령 등), UV(파장, 에너지, 조사 기간 등) 등에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 하지만 지금까지 잎 두께가 식물 생리활성 화합물의 축적 패턴에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 잎 두께가 다른 케일(Brassica oleracea var. acephala)에 UV-A를 조사하였을 때, 항산화적 페놀릭 화합물의 축적 패턴이 어떻게 변화되는지 확인하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 케일 묘는 온도 20℃, 상대습도 60%, 광주기 12시간, 광원(fluorescent lamp), 광합성 유효 광량자속 밀도 PPFD 121 ±10µmol m^-2 s^-1 의 조건으로 제어되는 식물 생장상에서 4주간 재배되었다. 이후 CO₂ 농도가 서로 다룬 두 조건의 챔버(382±3.2 및 1027±11.7µmol mol^-1)로 케일을 옮겨 10일간 재배하였고, 그 후 5일간 25.4W m^-2의 UV-A LED(피크파장 275+285nm)를 광 주기 동안 보광 처리해 주었다. CO₂ 농도와 UV조사에 따른 식물의 생리 화학적인 변화를 확인하기 위해 생육 특성, 비엽중, 엽록소 형광, 총 페놀 함량과 항산화도, 그리고 개별적인 페놀 성분을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 고농도의 CO₂ 가 처리된 케일 잎의 두께가 유의적으로 증가했으며, 잎이 두꺼울수록 UV-A LED에 대한 스트레스의 정도가 낮았다. 저농도의 CO₂ 환경에서 UV-A에 노출된 케일의 잎의 Fv/Fm(제II광계 최대 광량자 수율)은 UV-A 처리 직후 급격히 감소되었지만, 고농도의 CO₂환경에서 UV-A 처리는 큰 감소가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 총 페놀 함량, 항산화도 그리고 개별적인 페놀릭 화합물이 저농도 CO₂ 잎에서는 UV-A 처리 1일째, 고농도 CO₂잎에서는 처리 3일째 증대되어 잎의 두께에 따라 화합물 축적 패턴이 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 항산화적 페놀릭 화합물 축적을 위한 UV처리 시, 잎의 두께(잎의 발달 단계 등)를 고려해야하며 잎의 구조 형태적 특성에 따라 UV강도를 달리해야 함을 시사한다.