• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2020

With the increasing demand for improved marine environments and safety, greater ability to minimize damages to coastal areas from harmful organisms, ship accidents, oil spills, etc. is required. In this regard, an accurate assessment and understanding of current systems is a crucial step to improve forecasting ability. In this study, we examine spatial and temporal characteristics of current systems in the adjacent seas of Jeju Island using a high-resolution regional ocean circulation model. Our model successfully captures the features of tides and tidal currents observed around Jeju Island. The tide form number calculated from the model result ranges between 0.3 and 0.45 in the adjacent seas of Jeju Island, indicating that the dominant type of tides is a combination of diurnal and semidiurnal, but predominantly semidiurnal. The spatial pattern of tidal current ellipses show that the tidal currents oscillate in a northwest-southeast direction and the rotating direction is clockwise in the adjacent seas of Jeju Island and counterclockwise in the Jeju Strait. Compared to the mean kinetic energy, the contribution of tidal current energy prevails the most parts of the region, but largely decreases in the eastern seas of Jeju Island where the Tsushima Warm Current is dominant. In addition, a Lagrangian particle-tracking experiment conducted suggests that particle trajectories in tidal currents flowing along the coast may differ substantially from the mean current direction. Thus, improving our understanding of tidal currents is essential to forecast the transport of marine pollution and harmful organisms in the adjacent seas of Jeju Island.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

Purpose: Korean society has already entered an aged society but there aren't many evidence-based studies on the elderly-friendly design elements in the apartment environment, which is the main residential type in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to verify the necessity and expandability of the outdoor environment design in the public rental apartment complex through the evaluation of the effectiveness and satisfaction of SMG(Seoul Metropolitan Government) Cognitive Health Design Project in GR 1 apartment complex. Methods: The research subjects were GR 1-complex as experimental group and the nearby Wolgye Deer 1-complex as control group, both public rental apartment and located in Seoul. As a research method, the survey was conducted before and after the implementation of SMG project for residents of the apartment. A total of 200 preliminary surveys and 203 post surveys were conducted. Results: As a result of this study, residents' accidents related safety have decreased, and both the frequency of use and satisfaction of most facilities have increased. It is noteworthy that the increase in cognitive items in the post-survey. Also, 74.5% of the residents evaluated that the complex was better to live after the project was implement. Implications: The fact that the preliminary surveys were not conducted for the same person is considered as the limitation of the study, but it is meaningful in that it systematically assesses the effectiveness of the project on the cognitive health of the outdoor residential environment towards age-friendly city.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.250-265
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• 2022

자율주행차의 도입으로 인적 오류에 의한 교통사고가 크게 줄어드는 것과 같은 긍정적 파급효과를 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 자율주행차의 H/W 또는 S/W의 오류 및 기능 부족등으로 새로운 교통안전 이슈가 앞으로 발생할 것으로 예상됨에 따라 자율주행차의 주행 안전성을 평가하기 위한 현실적이고 체계적인 시나리오 구축이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경찰청 교통사고 데이터를 바탕으로 자율주행차 주행 안전성을 평가하기 위한 상황 시나리오(functional scenario)를 개발하였다. GIS 프로그램인 QGIS를 활용하여 국내 고속도로 톨게이트 및 램프 구간에서 발생한 교통사고 데이터를 추출하고 교통사고 개요 항목을 확인한 후, 교통사고 유형을 분류하였다. 또한, 교통사고 유형 분류 결과를 바탕으로 톨게이트와 램프 구간의 다양한 위험 상황을 내용으로 하는 상황 시나리오를 개발하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Defects involving the ankle and foot are often the result of road traffic accidents. Many such defects are composite and require a flap for coverage, which is a significant challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Various locoregional options, such as reverse sural artery, reverse peroneal artery, peroneus brevis muscle, perforator-based, and fasciocutaneous flaps, have been used, but each flap type has limitations. In this study, we used the distally based lateral supramalleolar flap to reconstruct distal dorsal defects of the foot. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the flap in reconstructing distal dorsal defects of the foot. The specific objectives were to study the adequacy, reach, and utility of the lateral supramalleolar flap for distal defects of the dorsum of the foot; to observe various complications encountered with the flap; and to study the functional outcomes of reconstruction. Methods: The distal dorsal foot defects of 10 patients were reconstructed with distal lateral supramalleolar flaps over a period of 6 months at a tertiary care center, and the results were analyzed. Results: We were able to effectively cover distal foot defects in all 10 cases. Flap congestion was observed in two cases, and minor graft loss was seen in two cases. Conclusions: The distally based lateral supramalleolar flap is a good pedicled locoregional flap for the coverage of distal dorsal foot and ankle defects of moderate size, with relatively few complications and little morbidity. It can be used as a lifeboat or even substitute for a free flap.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Sternal fractures after blunt thoracic trauma can cause significant pain and disability. They are relatively uncommon as a result of direct trauma to the sternum and open reduction is reserved for those with debilitating pain and fracture displacement. We reviewed consecutive 11 cases of open reduction and fixation of sternum and tried to find standard approach to the traumatic sternal fractures with severe displacement. Methods: From December 2008 to August 2010, the medical records of 11 patients who underwent surgical reduction and fixation of sternum for sternal fractures with severe displacement were reviewed. We investigated patients' characteristics, chest trauma, associated other injuries, type of open reduction and fixation, combined operations, preoerative ventilator support and postoperative complications. Results: The mean patient age was 59.3years (range, 41~79). The group comprised 6 male and 5 female subjects. Among 11 patients who underwent open reduction and fixation for sternal fracture with severe displacement, 6 cases had isolated sternal fractures and the other 5 patients had associated other injuries. Sternal fractures were caused by car accidents (9/11, 81.8%), falling down (1/11, 9.1%) and direct blunt trauma to the sternum (1/11, 9.1%), respectively. 3 of the 7 patients (42.9%) who underwent sternal plating with longitudinal plates showed loosening of fixation. Otherwise, none of the 4 patients who underwent surgical fixation using T-shaped plate had stable alignment of the fracture. Conclusion: Sternal fractures with severe displacement need to be repaired to prevent chronic pain, instability of the anterior chest wall, deformity of the sternum, and even kyphosis. In the present study, a T-shaped plate with a compression-tension mechanism constitutes the treatment of choice for displaced sternal fractures.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2018

Background: Nasal bone fractures occur frequently because the nasal bone is located at the forefront of the face. The goal of this study was to examine the cause, change in severity, change in incidence, and demographics of nasal bone fracture according to today's lifestyle. Methods: A total of 2,092 patients diagnosed as having nasal bone fractures at our department between 2002 and 2017 were included in this study. We retrospectively examined patients' medical records to extract information regarding age, sex, cause of injury, combined facial bone fractures, and related injuries such as skull base fracture, spinal cord injury, brain hemorrhage, and other bone fractures. Fracture severity was classified by nasal bone fracture type. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in annual number of patients treated for nasal bone fracture. The proportion of patients who underwent closed reduction was significantly decreased over time for those with nasal bone fractures caused by traffic accidents. However, it was not significantly changed for those with nasal bone fractures due to other causes. The number of patients with combined facial bone fractures increased over time. Incidences of severe nasal bone fracture also increased over time. Conclusion: The study suggested that there is a decrease in the frequency and increase in the severity of nasal bone fracture due to traffic accident. Many protective devices prevent nasal bone fractures caused by a small amount of external force; however, these devices are not effective against higher amounts of external force. This study highlights the importance of preoperative thorough evaluation to manage patients with nasal bone fractures due to traffic accident.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2018

Objectives: Based on the results of a chemical substance emissions survey, we investigated characteristics of chemical emissions in industrial complexes and used them as basic data for chemical management. Methods: The emissions and characteristics of chemicals by major industrial complexes from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed using the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register homepage. To understand the status of chemical accidents for major chemicals emitted from the industrial complexes, the Chemistry Safety Clearing-house system of the National Institute of Chemical Safety was used. Results: Emissions from the top five industrial complexes accounted for about 30% of total chemical emissions. The chemical emission was the highest in the order of Ulsan Mipo Industrial Complex and Okpo Industrial Complex. The main chemicals emitted were xylene, ethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane, and others. Carcinogen emissions differed by industrial complex, but ethylbenzene and dichloromethane were the major chemicals for this type of emissions. Conclusion: Recently, the use and emission of chemicals have been continuously increasing. A chemical management plan should be prepared considering the characteristics of industrial complexes and chemical substance emissions.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Despite the government 's efforts to reduce constructional disasters, it has been pointed out that the safety management cost of the Construction Technology Promotion Act does not reflect the actual site. Therefore, it is necessary to study the proper guideline of the safety management cost which can be used as the most fundamental measure to prevent construction accidents. Moreover for the securement of the reasonable safety management costs, it is important to calculate its appropriate rate. Thus, in this study, the appropriate rate of safety management cost was proposed by the construction cost & type based on the 111 execution plans of safety management cost, and the rate is analyzed to be 1/10 of the occupational safety and health management cost. The results of this study will be a guideline in improvement to the proper schedule rating system improvement and in implement of pilot projects.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1995

It is only three(3) years since we applied brackets for scaffolding in the construction area. Unfortunately, there is no structural criteria on how to install those in the site so far, despite the fact that those brackets have been applied into the site by the firms already. It is shown that resistant capacity of each bracket type has been investigated, analyzed from this experimental study. Accident-concerning data on construction site analyzed by the Ministry of Labor, show temporary structure involves 18.6% of the total industrial accident, which the accidents from scafold-supporting brackets have rate of 42.5% of the ones occurred from the temporary structures. There are two main aspects to be observed : one is how much resistant capacity the brackets have themselves, the other is how exactly to install those without eccentricity. But practically, nobody does check of this bolt-installing conditions in the site and no check of tightening level of nut because there is no available tool to check torque amount for this kind of nut. We just have to rely on scaffolders experience of this tightening. This experiment involves just this variable of tightness at site. Eventually this insufficient tightness causes to collapse those scaffolding structures. The bracket might have less the one than its original capacity due to this insufficient tightness. Three(3) times of PIVOT tests show that fractured condition of two(2) row brackets has occurred mostly at lower bolt due to shear force. Therefore, tightness of bracket-installing bolt, tensile strength of the bolt, shear strength of the bolt, loading condition with equal two point or inequal two point loads, are mainly investigated as variables in this study.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2011

When designing a ship, ergonomic considerations are crucial when minimizing a navigator's fatigue due to the burden of work, and to appropriately operate the navigational equipment for each given situation by helping the operator to understand the surroundings as well as the physical functions of the ship. However, insufficient consideration of ergonomic elements in the actual design of ship Bridges is lowering the performance of safe navigation and allows for the possibility of operation or readout errors. Consequently, these errors lead to an increase in maritime accidents. Therefore, this study conducted a usability evaluation on the importance of and the usage frequency of navigational equipment, their influence on actual navigation, and the possibility of error upon operation or readout between training ship officers, to derive an optimized layout that includes the consideration of ergonomic factors for on-Bridge navigational equipment, which are currently arranged differently according to their type or size. The optimized layout of on-Bridge navigational equipment was carried out based on the evaluation results, using the Lingo program. Through the process of optimization, revised layouts of on-Bridge navigational equipments(control and display device) were suggested, considering emergency situations(ship collision, stranding, fire and explosion, sinking, etc.) during navigation.