• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.131-150
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• 1998

Main theme of this study is the acceptance phase of western architectural culture in modern east-north asia through a series of actual survey and typological analysis of existing church buildings in modern Korea. China. Japan. For this study, 126 modern church buildings of Korea, China, Japan are selected. Also, main subject of this study has deal with the side of culture - thought which background of christianity acceptance and acceptance mind of acceptance main-body, culture adaptation and transformation based on characteristic culturalization of Korea, China, Japan. Especially, I would consistently tried to see the acceptance phase of western architectural culture according to differential acceptance mind of acceptance main-body based on characteristic culturalization of three countries. Conclusively, in the point of view of western architectural culture acceptance phase, it could be said that Korean church architecture had characterized as a blending phase of the two eclectic architectural culture. And in the case of china, as a coexistance phase of the two architectural culture with more western style-oriented. On the other hand, Japanese church architecture had characterized as a syncretism phase of the both traditional and western architectural culture, though it is eclectic style-oriented. Therefore, it is thought that different acceptance mind of western culture had main factors caused of differential acceptance phase, when the two architectural culture, the traditional and the western, encounters.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.229-232
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 균주의 배양과 동시에 생산물을 회수할 수 있는 동시추출공정을 건조질량의 $15{\sim}75%$의 탄화수소를 생산한다고 알려진 B. braunii 배양에 적용하고자 한다. 일반적인 two-phase 동시추출공정의 적용시 B. braunii의 경우 생산된 탄화수소가 균주 외벽의 matrix에 강하게 부착되어 있기 때문에, two phase 추출공정 적용시 bubble column내에서 단지 폭기에 의한 교반만으로는 충분한 탄화수소의 회수율을 얻을 수가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 배양액과 유기용매층의 접촉기회를 증대시킨 two-stage 동시추출 공정을 개발하여 기존의 two-phase 동시추출 공정보다 2배 이상 높은 56.2%의 탄화수소 회수율을 얻을 수가 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.220-226
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• 1991

Large and rapid increases in benzophenanthridine alkaloid production occured in suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica cells treated with elicitors. Response to different biotic elicitors showed that elicitors prepared from yeast extract, Collectotrichum lindemuthianum and Verticillium dahliae induced alkaloid formation. Highest alkaloid accumulation was obtained with $60\;\mu\textrm{g}$ of yeast extract elicitor per gram of fresh cell weight. In time course performance after elicitor addition, more than 40 hours were required to obtain saturated alkaloid accumulation. Compounded silicone fluid, an ideal accumulation phase for two-phase culture of E. californica, accumulated a large amount of alkaloids produced in a specific manner. Elicitation in two-phase culture clearly increased net alkaloid production as well as their concentrations in the accumulation phase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.932-937
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• 2004

In situ extraction by organic solvent was studied in order to improve the recovery yield of hydrocarbon from the culture of Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga. When the solvent mixture of octanol as an extractive solvent and n-octane as a biocompatible solvent was added to a two-phase column, the algal growth was seriously inhibited, even at a low concentration of polar octanol. Therefore, a two-stage cell-recycle extraction process was proposed to improve the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. The hydrocarbon recovery with in situ cell-recycle extraction showed a three-fold increase (57% of cell) in yield over that with two-phase extraction. In addition, over 60% of the hydrocarbon could be recovered without serious cell damage by downstream separation when this process was applied to the culture broth after batch fermentation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2004

Partitioning of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was achieved in the aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) using a crude extract of transgenic tobacco cell suspension culture. This study examined the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and concentration and the effects of sodium phosphate concentration in different PEG/sodium phosphate systems on the partition coefficient, K. The best ATPS system was 5% PEG 8,000/1.6 M sodium phosphate after 2 h of incubation at room temperature. In this system, hGM-CSF was partitioned in the PEG-rich phase with a yield of 57.99% and K$\_$hGM-CSF/ of 8.12. In another system, 3% PEG 10,000/1.6 M sodium phosphate, hGM-CSF was also partitioned primarily in the top phase with a yield of 45.66% and K$\_$hGM-CSF/ of 7.64 after 2 h of incubation at room temperature.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.112-115
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 균주의 배양과 동시에 생산물을 회수할 수 있는 동시추출공정을 건조질량의 $15{\sim}75$ %의 탄화수소를 생산한다고 알려진 B. braunii 배양에 적용하고자 한다. 일반적인 tow-phase 동시 추출공정의 적용시 B. braunii의 경우 생산된 탄화수소가 균주 외벽의 matrix에 강하게 부착되어 있기 때문에, two phase 추출공정 적용시 bubble solumn내에서 단지 폭기에 의한 교반만으로는 충분한 탄화수소의 회수율을 얻을 수가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 배양액과 유기용매층의 접촉기회를 증대시킨 two-stage 동시추출 공정을 개발하여 기존의 two-stage 동시추출 공정보다 2배 이상 높은 57 %의 탄화수소 회수율을 얻을 수가 있었고, 이를 회분배양후 후속분리공정으로 이용할 경우 6시간 추출후 62 %의 회수율을 얻을 수가있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1995

Effect of two-phase culture on Mentha piperita cell growth and essential oil formation was investigated using shake flask and air-lift bioreactors. LiChroprep RP-B(RP-B) addition did not impair M. piperita cell growth, but resulted in stimulated formation of essential oils and increased ratios of extracellular oil to intracellular oil formation. However, the combined use of RP-B and chitosan elicitor was not synergistic. Volumetric productivity of essential oils in RP-B treated culture using cell-recycled air-lift bioreactor was $6.9\;\mu\textrm{g}/l{\cdot}day$ which was substantially higher than that obtainable from the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of a second phase to enhance overall productivity for M. piperita cell culture.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.847-855
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to develop a bereaved family care program by identifying characteristics of a grief healing process in a child loss. Method: The subjects were five bereaved mothers who have lost their children with cancer. Data was collected with in-depth interviews using grief phase assessment tool and grief reaction assessment tool from 1, February, 2001 to 31 August, 2002. Data was analyzed on the basis of two tools. Result: Process of grief in general was as follows: evading phase was within one week - one month, confrontation phase was 5 - 12 months, and reconciliation phase was after 9 months and still going on when the study was finished. Grief reaction in five (physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual) dimensions was stabilized when the phase moved into reconciliation phase. Influencing factors were intimacy and expectation towards child, social support, personality, prior loss experience, coping style, religion, culture, family cohesion, openness of communication, and stress events. Conclusion: These results suggest that a bereaved family care program considering characteristics of Korean culture should be developed and activated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.589-592
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• 1999

Suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata were successfully performed in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of 4.5％ polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20,000 and 2.8％ crude dextran. Cell growth in the medium containing an individual ATPS-forming polymer was inhibited due to the toxicity of PEG and a high viscosity of dextran. Formation of ATPS supported cell growth by showing a considerably decrease in viscosity and partitioning of cells into a PEG-lean dextran phase. It was found that an aqueous two-phase cultivation of plant cells in a stirred tank bioreactor could be successfully applied.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2000

고농도 유전자 재조합 대장균을 이용하여 pyruvate dehy-drogenase complex-E2 특이성 인간 모노클론 항체의 Fab 부분을 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 회분식, 이단 연속식, 반 유 가식, two-stage cyclic fed-batch 동 여러 가지 배양 방법이 조사되었다. 먼저 플라스미드 안정성 문제를 극복하기 위해 growth stage와 production stage를 분리하는 two-phase 회분식 배양과 이단 연속식 시스템을 시도하였다 그 결과 two-phase 회분식 배양보다는 이단 연속식 배양에서의 세포농도와 항체 생산성이 우수하였다 또한 이단 연속식 배양에서의 세포 성 장과 항처l 생산성은 용존산소를 제어한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 월등하게 높았다. 그리고 plasmid 안정성에 있어서 는 실험기간 내에 거의 100%를 유지하여 높은 안정도를 보 여주었다. 유가식 공정에 적합한 공급 배지로 변형된 M9 배 지가 최적배지로 선정되었고 이 배지 중 최적의 CjN 비율을 조사한 결파 2:3으로 결정되었다. 반 유가식 시스템에서 constant feeding 전략을 사용할 경우 최적 공급속도는 $0.6g/\ell/hr$이었다. 또한 pulse에 의해 공급배지를 공급할 경우에는 총 공급 량이 같을 경우 소량으로 자주 공급해 주는 것이 공급배지를 한꺼번에 많은 양을 공급해주는 것 보다 바람직하였다. 여러 가지 feeding 전략을 조사해 본 결과 linear feeding 방법이 가장 효과적이었다. 하지만 linear feeding 방법마저도 고농도 세포배양에 한계가 있었기 때문에 pH-stat 방법을 이용한 two-stage cyclic fed-batch 시스템을 시도하여 $54 g/\ell$의 세포 를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 이 방법이 일단 생산성 향상을 위한 세포의 고농도 배양에는 조사한 여러 배양 시스템 중에 가장 효율적인 시스템임올 알 수 있었다 하지만 이 시스템 에서 포도당을 낮은 level로 유지할 수 있었으나, 초산의 과도한 축적으로 항체 생산성의 향상은 예상에 비해 크지 않았다.