• Title/Summary/Keyword: two-mica granite

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Geological Review on the Distribution and Source of Uraniferous Grounwater in South Korea (국내 고함량 우라늄 지하수의 분포와 기원에 관한 지질학적 고찰)

  • Hwang, Jeong
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.593-603
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    • 2018
  • The most of groundwater with high U-concentration occur in the Jurassic granite of Gyeonggi massif and Ogcheon belt, and some of them occur in the Cretaceous granite of Ogcheon belt. On the contrary, they do not occur in the Jurassic granite of Yeongnam massif and the Cretaceou granite of Gyeongsang basin. The Jurassic and Cretacous granite, the host rock of high U-groundwater, were resulted from parental magma with high ratio of crustal material and highly differentiated product of fractional crystalization. These petrogenetic characteristics explain the geological evidence for preferential distribution of uraniferous groundwater in each host rock. It were reported recently that high U-content, low Th/U ratio and soluble mineral occurrence of uraninite in the two-mica granite of Daejeon area which have characteristics of S-type peraluminous and highly differntiated product. It is the mineralogical-geochemical evidences supporting the fact that the two-mica granite is the effective source of uranium in groundwater. The biotite granite and two-mica granite of Jurassic age were reported as biotite granite in many geological map even though two-mica granite occur locally. This fact suggest that the influence of two-mica granite can not be ignored in uraniferous groundwater hosted by biotite granite.

Geochronology and Petrogenetic processes of the so-called Hongjesa granite in the Seogpo-Deogku Area (석포(石浦)-덕구간(德邱間)에 분포(分布)하는 소위(所謂) 홍제사화강암(洪濟寺花崗岩)의 지질연대(地質年代)와 생성과정(生成過程)에 대(對)한 硏究(연구))

  • Kim, Yong Jun;Lee, Dai Sung
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.163-221
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    • 1983
  • Main aspects of this study are to clarify geochronology and petrogenetic processes of the so-called Hongjesa granite, which is a member of various intrusive rocks exposed in the northeastern part of the Ryongnam Massif, one of the Precambrian basements of South Korea. In this study, the Hongjesa grainte is divided into four rock units based on the geologic age, mineralogical and chemical constituents, and texture: the Precambrian Hongjesa granite gneiss (Hongjesa granite Proper) and leucogranite gneiss, the Paleozoic gnessic two mica granite, and the Jurassic muscovite granite. The Hongjesa granite gneiss is identified by its grayish color, slight foliation, and porphyroblastic texture. The leucogranite gneiss is distinct by its light gray color, sand medium to coarse grained texture. The gneissic two mica granite is distinguished from others by its strong foliation, containing gray-colored feldspar phenocrysts with biotite and muscovite in varying amounts. The muscovite granite occurs as a small stock containing feldspar phenocrysts along margin of the stock. These granitic rocks vary widely in composition, reflecting the facts that they partly include highly metamorphosed xenolith and schlierens as relics of magmatic and anatectic processes. In particular, grayish porphyroblasts of microcline perthite is characteristic of the Hongjesa granite gneiss, whereas epidote and garnet occur in both the Hongjesa granite gneiss and leucogranite gneiss. These minerals are considered to be formed by potassic metasomatism and contamination of highly metamorphosed rocks deeply buried under the level of the Hongjesa granite emplacement. The individual synchronous granitic rocks plotted on Harker diagram show mostly similar trends to the Daly's values. The plots of the Hongjesa granite gneiss and gneissic two mica granite concentrate near the end part of the calc-alkalic rock series on the AMF diagrams, whereas those of the leucogranite gneiss and muscovite granite indicate the trend of the Skaergaard pluton. These granitic rocks plotted on a Q-Ab-Or diagram (petrogeny's residua system) fall well outside the trough of the system. This can be attributed to the potassic matasomatism of these rocks. On the ACF diagram, these rocks appear to be dominantly I-type prevailing over S-type. The K-Ar ages, obtained from a total of 7 samples of the leucogranite gneiss, gneissic two mica granite, muscovite granite, porphyritic alkali granite, and rhyolitic rock, in addition to the Rb/Sr ages of the Hongjesa granite gneiss by previous workers, permit the rock units to be arranged in the following chronological order: The middle Proterozoic Hongjesa granite gneiss (1714-1825 m.y.), the upper proterozoic leucogranite gneiss (875-880 m. y.), the middle Paleozoic gneissic two mica granite (384 m. y.) the upper Jurassic muscovite granite (147 m. y.), the Eocene alkali granite (52 m. y.), and the Eocene rhyolitic rock (45 m. y.). From the facts and data mentioned above, it is concluded that the so-called Hongjesa granite is not a single granitic mass but is further subdivided into the four rock units. The Hongjesa granite gneis, leucogranite gneiss, and gneissic two mica granite are postulated to be either magmatic or parautochtonous, intrusive, and the later muscovite granite is to be magmatic in origion.

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Petrology of Granitic Complex Distributed in the Woosanbong area, northwestern part of Yuseong (유성(儒城) 서북부(西北部) 우산봉(雨傘峰) 일대(一帶)에 분포(分布)하는 화강암(花崗巖) 복합체(複合體)의 암석학적(岩石學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Seungho;Lee, Dai Sung
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.123-142
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    • 1981
  • Granitic complex in the Woosanbong area is composed of schistose granite, two-mica granite, biotite granite, porphyritic granite and pink feldspar granite in order of intrusion. In their boundary aspects, the gradational change between porphyritic granite and pink feldspar granite is observed in field relations. All the granites of the complex are classified to quartz monzonite by the modal compositions following Bateman's classification (1961) with the exception of pink feldspar granite which belongs to granite according to the petrographical classification. The first three granites are characterized by highly development of vein and/or lens-like pegmatites in their bodies, and two others contain green hornblende uniquely. These leucocratic two-mica granite shows an unusual character in ratio of muscovite to biotite 1: 0.7 to 1:13, and contains dominantly microcline. The content of muscovite varies in places in the field. Under the polarizing microscope it is revealed that the muscovite flakes occur as the products altered from biotite partly or completely, and it usually associates with chlorite flakes nearby. These features, therefore, suggests that biotite probably has been altered to muscovite and chlorite by hydration during deuteric processes. At the same stage, sericitization of plagioclase by the hydrolytic decomposition, and transformation of orthoclase to microcline may be taken place. Accordingly, it is obviously permissible to consider the two-mica granite as a kind of 'apo-granite' by deuteric alterations during the consolidation of magma.

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A Study on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Clay Mineral(I) Hydrothermal Treatment of the Weathered Two-Mica Granite in Kang Wha district of Korea (수열반응에 의한 인공점토의 합성연구(I) 강화도산 백운모질 풍화 화강암의 수열처리)

  • 이응상;이상훈
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 1995
  • The weathered two-mica granite is widely distributed in Korea and called a kind of ground rock for kaolin. The major minerla compositions are consist of this quartz, feldspar, mica and clay mineral. At present, only a small portion of this granite is used as the material for the low-grade tile industry due to the low S.K. value and the high contents of impurities such as Fe2O3 and FeO. The low S.K. value is caused by feldspars not weathered to clay minerals. The refinement of this thus has been required for the recent shortage of the resources of high-grade one. This paper concerns an optimum hydrothermal treatment condition to refine the low-grade weathered two-mica granite of which impurities are feldspar mineral and Fe2O3. FeO components in using for the main material of ceramic industry. And then, from this result, we tried to fine out the basic formation mechanism of clay mineral from feldspar etc and develope the effectual utilization method of this.

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Occurrence of U-minerals and Source of U in Groundwater in Daebo Granite, Daejeon Area (대전지역 대보 화강암내 우라늄 광물의 산출상태와 지하수내 우라늄의 기원)

  • Hwang, Jeong
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.399-407
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    • 2013
  • Some groundwater in Korea contains high U concentrations, especially where two-mica granite occurs in the Daejeon area. The elemental U in the two-mica granite is lower than that in normal granites elsewhere in the world, and U-minerals have yet to be reported in the two-mica granite in the Daejeon area. This study focuses on investigating the occurrence of U-minerals serving as the U source in groundwater. In situ gamma ray spectrometry and mineralogical analyses using EPMA were performed. U-count anomalies were identified in a granitic dyke and in hydrothermally altered granite. Uraniferous granitic dykes occur along the contact zone between the two-mica granite and mica-schist. The uraniferous parts within the two-mica granite are developed in the hydrothermally altered zone, which contains numerous quartz veinlets within a fracture zone. Hydrothermal alteration is dominated by potassic and prophylitic alteration. Uraninite is a common U-mineral in granitic dykes and hydrothermally altered granite. Coffinite and uranophane occur in the hydrothermally altered granite. All of these U-minerals are commonly accompanied by hydrothermal alteration minerals such as muscovite, chlorite, epidote, and calcite. It is concluded that granitic dyke and hydrothermally altered granite are the main source rocks of U in groundwater.

Geochronology and Petrochemistry of Foliated Granites between Damyang and Jinan (담양(潭陽)-진안(鎭安)사이에 분포(分布)하는 엽리상화강암류(葉理狀花崗岩類)에 대(對)한 지질시대(地質時代)와 성인(成因)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Cheong Bin;Kim, Yong Jun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 1990
  • Plutons of Damyang-Jinan area consist of gray feldspar granite gneiss, biotite granite gneiss, foliated granites, Namweon granites, gabbro, biotite granite and Ogangri granite in term of mineralogical, texture and field evidence. From Isotope data of study area, chronological order of the Plutons are the Pre-cambrian gray feldspar granite gneiss(Ar39-Ar40, hornblende, $1998.4{\pm}8.3Ma$), middle to late Triassic Daegang foliated granite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $288{\pm}4Ma$), foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite(K/Ar, hornblende, $198.7{\pm}9.9Ma$), Sunchang foliated granodiorite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $222{\pm}4Ma$), foliated two mica granite, Samori foliated granite and Namweon granite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $211{\pm}3Ma$: K/Ar, hornblende, $203{\pm}10.2Ma$), middle Jurassic Gabbro(K/Ar, hornblende, $180.7{\pm}9MA$) and biotite granite, and Cretaceous Ogangri granite. According to variations diagrams of $Al_2O_3$ versus normative PI(100 An)/(Ab+An), Daegang foliated granite is plotted on tholeiitic series, and other foliated granites on calc alkaline rock series which are consider to be formed by magmatism at continental margin and island arc region. And alkalinity versus $SiO_2$ shows that Daegang folited granite and Samori foliated granite are correspond to alkaline region, foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite to calc alkaline region, and foliated two mica granite to both regions. According to ACF diagrams, Daegang and Samori foliated granites are plotted on S-type. Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite on I-type, and foliated two mica granite on both type. Foliated granites are a series of differentiated products from cogenetic magma, and effected under ductile sheared zone. Characteristic foliation of foliated granites are considered to be generated by dextral strike slip faulting and ductile shearing.

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Geochemical Studies on the Petrogenesis of Jurassic Peraluminaous Granitic Rocks in the area of Gwangdeoksan in the Northern Gyeonggi Massif (경기육괴 북부 광덕산 일대에 분포하는 쥐라기 고알루미나 화강암질암의 성인에 대한 지화학적 연구)

  • Han, Chung Hee;Jeon, Hye Su;Park, Young-Rok
    • Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.325-337
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    • 2020
  • The Jurassic granitic rocks in the area of Gwangdeoksan located along the boundary between Hwacheon and Cherwon in northern Gyeonggi Massif consist of two-mica granite, garnet-bearing two-mica granite, mica-granite, and porphyritic biotite granite. These granitic rocks are calc-alkaline series and plotted in peraluminious domain in A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram. Petrographical and geochemical data indicate that the porphyritic biotite granite which intruded at the last period originated from distinct parental magma from two-mica granite, garnet-bearing two-mica granite, and mica-granite. On the basis of Rb/Sr vs. Rb/Ba diagram and Al2O3/TiO2 vs. CaO/Na2O, it is inferred the porphyritic biotite granite originated from protolith with less pelitic composition than 3 other granitic rocks. The enriched values of lithophile elements of Cs, Rb, and Ba and negative trough of Nb, P, Ti on spider diagram suggest that the peraluminous Jurassic granitic rocks in Gwangdeoksan area formed in subduction tectonic environment. Whole-rock zircon saturation thermometer indicates that the granitic rocks in the study area were melted at 692-795℃.

Petrological Characteristics of Two-Mica Granites : Examples from Cheongsan, Inje-Hongcheon, Yeongju and Namwon areas (복운모 화강암의 암석화학적 특징 : 청산, 인제-홍천, 영주 및 남원지역의 예)

  • 좌용주
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.210-225
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    • 1997
  • From their general natures of peraluminous, S-type and ilmenite-series granites, two-mica granites in the Cheongsan, Inje-Hongcheon, Yeongju and Namwon areas were originated from crust-derived granitic magma and solidified under reducing condition. Each two-mica granite in Inje-Hongcheon and Namwon districts was differentiated from the the residual magma of porphyric biotite granite and high Ti/Mg biotite granite, respectively. The genetic relationships between two-mica granite and porphyritic biotite granite in Chenongsan district and between two-mica granite and biotite granodiorite in Yeongju district are ambiguous. In Namwon district granitic magmas were water-saturated and possible water solubilities in magmas were more than 5.8wt.%. In Yeongju district two-mica granitic magma was nearly water-saturated and showed possible water solubilities between 2.4~5.8wt.%. Two-mica granitic magmas in Cheongsan and Inje-Hongcheon districts were water-undersaturated. Pressure-dependent minimum melt compositions (0.5~2kb) and petrographic textures of two-mica granites in Inje-Hongcheon and Yeongju districts represent that the granites intruded and solidified at shallow level, whereas those in Cheongsan and Namwon districts exhibit relatively deeper level of granitic intrusion (2-3kb). The intersection of granite-solidus/muscovite stability indicates that magmatic primary muscovite can be crystallized from the water-saturated magma above 1.6kb (ca. 6km), but below the pressure muscovite can be formed by the subsolidus reaction. On the other hand, more pressure would be necessary for the crystallization of primary muscovite from the water-undersaturated magma. This pressure condition can explain the occurrence of primary and secondary muscovites from the two-mica granites in the areas considered. The experimental muscovite stability must be cautious of the application to examine the origin of muscovite. The muscovite stability can move toward high temperature field with adding of Ti, Fe and Mg components to the octahedral site of pure muscovite end member.

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Uranium and Radon Concentrations in Groundwater of the Daejeon Granite Area: Comparison with Other Granite Areas (대전 화강암지역 지하수의 우라늄과 라돈 함량: 다른 화강암지역과의 비교)

  • Yun, Uk;Kim, Moon Su;Jeong, Do Hwan;Hwang, Jae Hong;Cho, Byong Wook
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.631-643
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    • 2018
  • Uranium and radon concentrations in groundwater from 80 wells from Daejeon area were measured to determine the range of concentrations according to the geology. The median uranium content of groundwater was $11.14{\mu}g/L$ for the two-mica granite, $0.90{\mu}g/L$ for the biotite granite, and $0.47{\mu}g/L$ for the Ogcheon group. The median radon content of groundwates was 114.3 Bq/L for the two-mica granite, 61.6 Bq/L for the biotite granite, and 42.2 Bq/L for the Ogchon group, respectively. The uranium content of two-mica granite is 3.78 mg/ kg, which is slightly higher than that of biotite granite 3.20 mg/kg. However, the uranium content in groundwatewr of two-mica granite groundwater is much higher than that of biotite granite. This can be explained by the fact that the two-mica granite is vulnerable to weathering than biotite granite, so uranium in mineral is easily leached into groundwater. The exceeding rate of samples having uranium content above $30{\mu}g/L$ in granite area was 23.8%, which is higher than that of 6.7% in Jurassic granite in Korea. On the other hand, the exceeding rate of samples having radon content above 148 Bq/L in granite rate area was 31.0% which is similar to that of Jurassic granite area of 31.7%.

Mineral chemistry and major element geochemistry of the granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area (청산 일대에 분포하는 화강암류의 광물조성과 주성분원소 지구화학)

  • 사공희;좌용주
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.185-209
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    • 1997
  • Granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area cosist of three plutons-Baegrog granodiorite, Cheongsan porphyritic granite, and two mica granite. Amphilboles from the Baegrog granodiorite belong to the calcic amphilbole group and show compositional variations from magnesio-hornblende in the core to actinolitic hornblende in the rim. Biotites from the three granites represent intermediate compositions between phlogopite and annite. Muscovites from the two mica granite are considered to be primary muscovite in terms of the occurrence and mineral chemistry. Each granitic rock reveals systematic variation of major oxide contents with $SiO_2$. Major oxide variation trends of the Baegrog granodiorite are fairly different from those of Cheongsan porphyritic granite and two mica granite. The latter two granitic rocks are also different with each other in variation trends for some oxides. Thus three granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area were solidifield from the independent magmas of chemically different, heterogeneous origin. The granitic rocks in the area show calc-alkaline nature. The whole rock geochemistry shows that the Baegrog granodiorite and Cheongsan porphyritic granite belong to metaluminous, I-type granite, whereas the two mica granite to peraluminous, I/S-type granite. The opaque mineral contents and magnetic susceptibility represent that the granitic rocks in the area are ilmenite-series granite, indicating that each magma was solidified under relatively reducing environment. The tectonic environment of the granitic activity in the area seems to have been active continental margin. Alkali feldspar megacryst in the Cheongsan porphyritic granite is considered to be magmatic, judging from the crystal size, shape, arrangement, and distribution pattern of inclusions. The petro-graphical characteristics of the Cheongsan porphyritic granite can be explained by two stage crystallization. Under the smaller degree of undercooling the alkali feldspar megacrysts rapidly grew owing to slow rate of nucleation and fast growth rate. At the larger degree of undercooling the nucleation rate and density drastically increased and the small crystals of the matrix were formed.

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