• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an investigation into bi-directional communication in spectrum sharing-based cognitive radio (Bi-CR) systems. A Bi-CR system can increase the spectral efficiency significantly by sharing the spectrum and through the bi-directional use of spatial resources for two-way communication. On the other hand, the primary user experiences more interference from the secondary users in a Bi-CR system. Satisfying the interference constraint by simply reducing the transmission power results in performance degradation for secondary users. In addition, secondary users also experience self-interference from echo channels due to full duplexing. These imperfections may weaken the potential benefits of the Bi-CR system. Therefore, a new way to overcome these defects in the Bi-CR system is needed. To address this need, this paper proposes some novel power allocation schemes for the Bi-CR system. This contribution is based on two major analytic environments, i.e., noise-limited and interference-limited environments, for providing useful analysis. This paper first proposes an optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme in a noise-limited environment and then analyzes the achievable sum rates. This OPA scheme has an effect in the noise-limited environment. In addition, a power allocation scheme for the Bi-CR system in an interference-limited environment was also investigated. The numerical results showed that the proposed schemes can achieve the full duplexing gain available from the bi-directional use of spatial resources.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2024

마이크로스트립 선로를 사용한 방향성 결합기는 기판의 유전율과 공기의 유전율이 서로 달라서 지향성 특성이 좋지 않다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 결합 선로 사이에 보상용 커패시터를 부착하여 지향성을 높이기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 추가적으로 개별 소자인 커패시터 대신에 전송선을 이용한 인터디지털 커패시터를 적용하여 높은 지향성을 갖는 방향성 결합기를 제안하였다. 제안한 방법으로 설계하여 제작한 방향성 결합기는 2.14GHz에서 결합도 20dB에서 지향성은 30dB 이상의 특성을 나타내었다. 이 방향성 결합기는 2개의 결합 포트와 2개의 고립 포트를 갖고 있어 2개의 방향성 결합기로 사용이 가능하다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2009

The bi-directional relay channel is the natural extension of a three-terminal relay channel where node a transmits to node b with the help of a relay r to allow for two-way communication between nodes a and b. That is, in a bi-directional relay channel, a and b wish to exchange independent messages over a shared channel with the help of a relay r. The rates at which this communication may reliably take place depend on the assumptions made on the relay processing abilities. We overview information theoretic limits of the bi-directional relay channel under a variety of conditions, before focusing on half-duplex nodes in which communication takes place in a number of temporal phases (resulting in protocols), and nodes may forward messages in four manners. The relay-forwarding considered are: Amplify and forward (AF), decode and forward (DF), compress and forward (CF), and mixed forward. The last scheme is a combination of CF in one direction and DF in the other. We derive inner and outer bounds to the capacity region of the bi-directional relay channel for three temporal protocols under these four relaying schemes. The first protocol is a two phase protocol where a and b simultaneously transmit during the first phase and the relay r alone transmits during the second. The second protocol considers sequential transmissions from a and b followed by a transmission from the relay while the third protocol is a hybrid of the first two protocols and has four phases. We provide a comprehensive treatment of protocols in Gaussian noise, obtaining their respective achievable rate regions, outer bounds, and their relative performance under different SNR and relay geometries.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-480
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• 2010

In this paper, the bi-directional soft switching DC-DC converter using ZCT(Zero Current Transition) method is proposed for using battery application system. This topology is composed of soft switching bi-directional buck/boost converter having the ZCT auxiliary circuit with two switches, two resonant capacitors, one resonant inductor. Therefore, the proposed topology can reduce switching loss. To verify the validity of the proposed topology, theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2010

In this paper, we have described a simple CPW-fed UWB antenna for wireless UWB communication. The proposed antenna consists of two symmetrical strips having two steps and CPW feeding. Two techniques(symmetrical structure, two steps) are used to produce good low-dispersion and impedance matching. The proposed UWB antenna has an omni directional radiation pattern, compact size, low dispersion, and low cost.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2011

Topology management, which includes neighbor discovery, tracking and updating, is a key area that need to be dealt with appropriately to increase network performance. The use of directional antenna in Wireless Mesh Networks is beneficial in constructing backbone networks viewing the properties of directional antenna. The backbone links must be robust to obtain better network performance. In this paper, a simple yet effective topology protocol is presented that performs well compared to its predecessors. Our protocol constructs the topology with the constraints in the number of links per node. The full topology is constructed in two phases. The resultant topology is termed as Web-topology. The topology formed is robust, efficient, and scalable.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

Interaction through communication plays critical role in the mathematics learning in the sociocultural perspectives. The communication make the students construct shared knowledge, and also plays a role of mediation in making meaning. So, we have to consider sociocultural eprspectives in design of the mathematics leaning using computer. While Computer Assisted Instruction was the one-directional teaching program which proceed from computer to students, mathematics leaning using computer in the sociocultural perspectives have to consider two-directional instruction that proceed from computer to students as well as from students to computer. This interactional activity is the critical thing in the mathematics learning using computer.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2018

드론 제어를 위한 C대역 무지향성 안테나는 드론의 상부 또는 하부에 장착되어 통신링크를 구성하기 위해 사용된다. 통신링크는 무지향성 안테나 장착위치에 따라 LOS(: Line Of Sight)의 영향을 받게 된다. 본 논문에서는 드론 탑재를 위한 내장형 안테나 2종을 상용 시뮬레이션 툴인 CST MWS로 설계하고, 장착 환경을 고려한 EM(: Electro Magnetic) 해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 다수의 드론을 제어하기 위한 PTMP(: Point To Multi Point) 지상안테나를 제안하였다. 지상안테나는 30km의 통신반경을 갖기 위해 수평방향으로 4개의 섹터안테나와 상부에 1개의 지향성안테나로 구성하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2016

Binaural hearing aids with a voice transmitter have been widely used to enhance sound quality in noisy environment. However, this system has a limitation on sound-source localization. In this study, we investigated automatic directional-gain control method using geomagnetic sensors to provide directional information to binaural hearing aid user. The loudness gains of two hearing aids were differently controlled based on the directional information between a speaker position and a viewing direction of hearing aids user. This relative directional information was measured by two geomagnetic sensors on hearing aids user and a speaker. The results showed that the loudness gains were accurately controlled and could provide directional information based on the cue of interaural level differences.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider a resource allocation scheme for millimeter wave-based wireless personal area networks using directional antennas. This scheme involves scheduling the reservation period of medium access control for IEEE 802.15.3c. Objective functions are considered to minimize the average delay and maximize throughput; and two scheduling algorithms-namely, MInMax concurrent transmission and MAxMin concurrent transmission-are proposed to provide a suboptimal solution to each objective function. These are based on an exclusive region and two decision rules that determine the length of reservation times and the transmission order of groups. Each group consists of flows that are concurrently transmittable via spatial reuse. The algorithms appropriately apply two decision rules according to their objectives. A real video trace is used for the numerical results, which show that the proposed algorithms satisfy their objectives. They outperform other schemes on a range of measures, showing the effect of using a directional antenna. The proposed scheme efficiently supports variable bit rate traffic during the reservation period, reducing resource waste.