• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to determine whether Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture is a clinically effective treatment for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods : Female patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited from May $1^{st}$, 2014 to April $15^{th}$, 2015 at the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine of Dong-Eui University Korean Medical Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. 4.0 ml of Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture was injected at acupuncture points of the experimental group(n = 24) twice a week for three weeks. The control group(n = 24) received 5 % dextrose injections in order to identically stimulate the same acupuncture points of $ST_{35}$, $ST_{34}$, $SP_9$, $SP_{10}$, $GB_{34}$, $LR_8$, $EX-LE_4$, and $EX-LE_2$. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ), the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(KWOMAC), and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions(EQ-5D) were recorded to evaluate treatment efficacy at first visit, after two weeks and four weeks from the initial visit. Results : 40 patients completed the trial. The experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group in the scores of SF-MPQ, KWOMAC, and EQ-5D. However, there was no significant difference between groups in a few of the assessment scales. Conclusions : Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture can be an effective treatment in control of pain, improvement in function and health-related quality of life for women with knee osteoarthritis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2014

Recently, many state-of-art spectroscopy techniques are used to unravel the mysteries of condensed matters. And numerous heterostructures have provided a new avenue to search for new emergent phenomena. Especially, near the interface, various forms of symmetry-breaking can appear, which induces many novel phenomena. Although these intriguing phenomena can be emerged at the interface, by using conventional measurement techniques, the experimental investigations have been limited due to the buried nature of interface. One of the ways to overcome this limitation is in situ investigation of the layer-by-layer evolution of the electronic structure with increasing of the thickness. Namely, with very thin layer, we can measure the electronic structure strongly affected by the interface effect, but with thick layer, the bulk property becomes strong. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is powerful tool to directly obtain electronic structure, and it is very surface sensitive. Thus, the layer-by-layer evolution of the electronic structure in oxide heterostructure can be investigated by using in situ ARPES. LaNiO3 (LNO) heterostructures have recently attracted much attention due to theoretical predictions for many intriguing quantum phenomena. The theories suggest that, by tuning external parameters such as misfit strain and dimensionality in LNO heterostructure, the latent orders, which is absent in bulk, including charge disproportionation, spin-density-wave order and Mott insulator, could be emerged in LNO heterostructure. Here, we performed in situ ARPES studies on LNO films with varying the misfit strain and thickness. (1) By using LaAlO3 (-1.3%), NdGaO3 (+0.3%), and SrTiO3 (+1.7%) substrates, we could obtain LNO films under compressive strain, nearly strain-free, and tensile strain, respectively. As strain state changes from compressive to tensile, the Ni eg bands are rearranged and cross the Fermi level, which induces a change of Fermi surface (FS) topology. Additionally, two different FS superstructures are observed depending on strain states, which are attributed to signatures of latent charge and spin orderings in LNO films. (2) We also deposited LNO ultrathin films under tensile strain with thickness between 1 and 10 unit-cells. We found that the Fermi surface nesting effect becomes strong in two-dimensions and significantly enhances spin-density-wave order. The further details are discussed more in presentation. This work was collaborated with Hyang Keun Yoo, Seung Ill Hyun, Eli Rotenberg, Ji Hoon Shim, Young Jun Chang and Hyeong-Do Kim.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2011

As demonstrated in study for non-submerged groynes, the flow field is predominantly two-dimensional, with mainly horizontal eddies. The eddies shed form the tips of the groynes and migrate in the flow direction. These eddies have horizontal dimensions in the order of tens of meters and time-scales in the order of minutes. In the standard flow simulations, these motions are usually not resolved, due to a too coarse grid, too large time steps and, more importantly, the use of inadequate turbulence modelling. using for example a k-${\varepsilon}$ model, it is necessary to introduce substantial modifications. Therefore simulation resolved in this study, were carried out using the DELFT-3D-MOR programme, which is part of the DELFT3D software package of WL/Delft Hydraulics and In this study, apply a two-dimensional depth-averaged model, taking an horizontal large eddy simulation(HLES). The bed morphology computed when using HLES, as well as the associated time-scale, is similar to what has been obseved in a field case. When using a mean-flow model with-out HELS, the bed morphology is less realistic and the morphological time-scale is much larger. This slow development is the result of neglecting(or averaging). the strong velocity fluctuations associated with the time-varying eddy formation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.527-548
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• 2019

For Deleuze, the frame is a closed system with numerous subsets of information. the frame can be defined by mathematics and physics. it is a geometric system of equilibrium and harmony with variables or coordinates. like paintings, Linear perspective represents a three-dimensional depth in a two-dimensional plane through vanishing points, horizontal lines in the frame. Linear perspective makes it possible to assume the infinity towards the vanishing point and the infinity towards the outside of the frame, the opposite of the vanishing point. Not only figures and lines in the drawing paper, but also the space between the figures and lines in the drawing paper was recognized. that is space, the 3rd dimension. with the centripetal force and centrifugal force of the frame, frame follow the physical rules of power and movement. de framing is against the dominant linear perspective and central tendency of the frame. The film contains four-dimensional time while reproducing three-dimensional space in two dimensions. It may be that the outside of the frame, or outside the field of view, contains thought, the fifth dimension.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2001

This thesis aims to reveal the unsatisfactory unfitting factors in the tight collars of adult males' dress shirts for the purpose of improving neck-collar fitness. For this study, nine adult males were chosen as the subjects. When the subjects erected their necks upright, the researcher conducted an experiment, using the direct anthropometrical measuring method and the gypsum method by turns, in order to understand neck shapes by way of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, neck flection, neck extension, right neck rotation, and left neck rotation. And then, the propriety of allowances from body surface alteration was verified by analyses through the measurement of wearing comfortableness and clothing pressure in two sorts of ready-made dress shirts, which had different allowances. The consequences of this study are as follows: 1. In length alteration to movement, a decrease was found in the opposite (and an increase in the identical) directions of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, and neck flection movements. Also, when the subjects shook their heads, an increase was seen by 0.42$\sim$0.63cm in neck girth, 0.31$\sim$1.12cm in 3cm-above-the-neck base girth, and 1.16cm in neck extension of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. 2. As a result of the drafts of surface measurement, the alteration ratios of dimensions and vertical length dropped in the identical directions of the movement, but grew in the opposite directions. A reverse change was shown in horizontal length. The rough widening gaps for making drafts were 0.7cm in front left and right, and 0.2cm in back left and right of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. On the whole, the space was about 1.8cm, while there was no significant variation between the upright stationary test and the movement test. 3. There were important differences between the two kinds of ready-made dress shirts (Type A: 1cm allowance in neck girth; Type B: 2cm allowance) in clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness. That is, Type A had higher pressure and more uncomfortable sense of wearing. In other words, as clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness are negatively related to each other, Type A's greater clothing pressure led to worse wearing comfortableness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 1987

The purposes of this study were; 1) to gather data relevant to demographic features. major main management practices, and the level of impairment of the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with back pain, 2) to test the sensitivity of the Korean Pain Rating Scale and the Graphic Rating Scales, and 3) to identify indirect indicators of back pain by analysing pain related-behaviors. The level of pain was measured by Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scales(GRS) developed by the reserchers. The GRS consists of two dimensions; the pain intensity (sensory) and unpleasantness (affective) measures. Of the 1,650 diagnosed back pain patients, from January 4 through June 30, 1987 by visiting outpatients' clinics of orthopedic and neurosurgical departments at 11 university hospitals in different districts of Korea, 330 men and women patients were self-selected by responding to the mailed questionnaires. The results were summarised as follows: Male exceeded female patients in number and onset of back pain were more prevalent in the age groups of 20s and the 30s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were 11 months, sixty three (19.1%) of the subjects retired from their jobs, one third(36.7%) have teen hospitalized for the treatment of back pain. In two thirds(64.8%) of the cases pain was characterized as lower back pain. The average sleep hour was 6.8 hours per 24 hours and the average rest hour during the day was 3.3 hours. The mean percentage of pain measured by GRS was higher than that of KPRS. The level of sensory intensity as well as the affective level of pain measured by KPRS and GRS were not highly correlated (sensory intensity r=0.4986, affective r=0.5029) which indicated low discriminative power. On the other hand, intercorrelation between sensory and affective dimension measured by KPRS and GRS showed moderate interrelation(r=0.7247; r=0.7899). One-third(32.5%) of the subjects complied with the hospital prescribed treatment while the other one-third(31.5%) depended on self-remedy and traditional practices, and the last one-third did not imply any pain management practices. The following 6 pain-related behaviors such as length of hospitalization, rest hour during day hours, varieties of pain management practice implied, number of pain sites, need for ADL and discomfort accompanied by ADL revealed to be important indicators of back pain. An investigation of sociodemographic features of patients with back pain in a larger context, i.e. with bigger number of respondents is recommended. Tests for construct validity of KPRS, i.e. factor analysis is further recommended.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.671-680
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• 2020

This study aims to explore structural properties and central actors of the local water policy system through a network approach, and to suggest practical implications for establishing collaborative water governance at the local level. Especially, this study conducts a social network analysis to empirically analyze the actors' roles and relationships of water management in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and represent them with sociograms. In this study, the local water management network is divided into two dimensions: official work network, public-private policy network based on information-sharing and consultation. Also, the networks are divided into a whole network and two sectoral networks(water-use/water-quality). This study found some meaningful differences of structural properties and central actors not only in the official work networks and the policy networks but also in the water-use networks and the water-quality networks. Thus, public managers should diagnose and manage the relational properties among multiple stakeholders in local water sector through a network perspective. In particular, (1)co-operation between the administrative departments responsible for water-use and water-quality, and (2)information-sharing and consultation among public and private stakeholders should be improved to establish collaborative local water governance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.892-901
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• 2007

This research is the initial step for establishing a convertible body sizing table applicable to the Korean and American female apparel industry. All 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The sample subjects used in this study were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-four(34) variables were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow: First, it was determined that American women were larger and longer than Korean women in all measurement except shoulder slope measurement. Second, according to the differences analysis of the each age group in Korean Females, all measurements except hip girth had significant differences among the age groups. In case of American females, all measurements except arm length(shoulder to wrist) had significant differences among the age groups. Third, in the comparison of differences between the age groups of the two countries' women, some dimensions varied significantly with age, while others did not show any statistical significance among the age groups. Fourth, according to the t-tests of same age groups between Korean & American female measurements, American female measurements were larger and longer than Korean in all measurements except crotch length total, shoulder slope, hip girth-bust girth and hip girth-waist girth.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2003

In the present study, a new Real Time Subjective Evaluation (RTSSE) system was developed. The system is composed of two parts: a sensibility input part and sensibility evaluation part. The sensibility input part receives values, which are recorded on an input board using a stylus and digital tablet, from each subject's evaluation of his/her own subjective sensibility towards a particular stimulus. The sensibility evaluation part displays the level of pleasantness and arousal on one or two dimensions in real time. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RTSSE system. The present study compared Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) with the RTSSE by presenting 28 subjects in their 20s with pictures arousing either positive or negative sensibility. Following the experiment, an off-line subjective assessment using a questionnaire was given to the same subjects. According to the correlation coefficients, changes in subjective sensibility caused by the positive visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR, from the positive visual stimulus, and changes in subjective sensibility caused by the negative visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR from the negative visual stimulus. The questionnaire results showed marked similarity to the average responses of the RTSSE. In conclusion, the most remarkable characteristic of the present system is that it not only assesses the average sensibility when stimuli are presented, but also shows the changing strength of sensibility over time.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2014

This study analyzed the profile of a Facebook account to examine how personal information is revealed and what kinds of factors influence personal information revelation. Categories of user's profile on Facebook were analyzed and two dimensions were developed; the degree that how much personal information is revealed and the network limits that personal information is accessed. Main variables to determine personal information revelation are Facebook privacy concern and uses for social relationships along with gender, the duration of Facebook use, and average time of use. Data were collected from college students. Factor analysis produced two factors of Facebook privacy concern, Facebook privacy concern with users and Facebook privacy concern with the Facebook system. Regression analyses were performed to identify significant determinants of the degree of information revelation and the network limits of personal information. The results found out that the degree of personal information revelation is explained by gender, the duration of use, and use for social relationships while the network limit is explained by the duration of use and Facebook privacy concern with users. Worthy of notice is that use for social relationships and Facebook privacy concern with the Facebook system offset each other. The implications of the results are discussed. Additionally and finally the categories of profiles are graphically re-grouped to show how personal information revelation is associated with social relationship generation and maintenance.