• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.794-801
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• 2012

Finite Element Method is a strong tool to analyse static and dynamic problem of a structure. FEM is a good method for static problem, but for dynamic problem there are some differences between real phenomena and analyzed phenomena. Therefore some modifications are needed to identify two results. In this paper authors propose a genetic algorithm method 1) to adjust dimensions of plate for identifying natural frequencies, 2) to fit amplitude of FEM Frequency Response Function(FRF) onto it of real FRF. Analysis by raw FEM data gave questions if the results were for the same object. By only adjusting Young's modulus much better accordances were obtained, but limitation existed still. Very good agreements were achieved by shape modification and damping coefficient identification.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.537-547
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• 2001

The paper proposes the fuzzy logic global approximate optimization strategies in optimal sizing of automotive A-pillar trim with rib structures for occupant head protection. Two different strategies referred to as evolutionary fuzzy modeling (EFM) and neuro-fuzzy modeling (NFM) are implemented in the context of global approximate optimization. EFM and NFM are based on soft computing paradigms utilizing fuzzy systems, neural networks and evolutionary computing techniques. Such approximation methods may have their promising characteristics in a case where the inherent nonlinearity in analysis model should be accommodated over the entire design space and the training data is not sufficiently provided. The objective of structural design is to determine the dimensions of rib in A-pillar, minimizing the equivalent head injury criterion HIC(d). The paper describes the head-form modeling and head impact simulation using LS-DYNA3D, and the approximation procedures including fuzzy rule generation, membership function selection and inference process for EFM and NFM, and subsequently presents their generalization capabilities in terms of number of fuzzy rules and training data.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2020

Background The introduction of the partial second toe pulp free flap has enabled superior aesthetic and functional results for fingertip reconstruction in adults. Children undergoing fingertip amputation for various reasons have limited options for reconstruction. Conventional treatment could shorten the finger, leading to poor cosmesis and function. We report 18 years of our experiences with fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps in patients in early childhood. Methods Medical charts of children who had undergone fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps from 2001 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical procedures were identical to those for adults, except for the usage of 11-0 nylon sutures. Patients' demographic data, vessel size, flap dimensions, length of the distal phalanx, and functional outcomes over the course of long-term follow-up were documented. The statistical analysis was performed with the Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Eighteen toe pulp flaps in 17 patients (mean age, 3.0 years) were identified. All the flaps survived without any major complications. In long-term follow-up, the flap-covered distal phalanges showed growth in line with regular development. There was no donor-site morbidity, and all children adapted to daily life without any problems. In two-point discrimination tests, the fingertip sensation recovered to almost the same level as that in the contralateral finger. Conclusions Partial second toe pulp free flaps are an excellent option for fingertip reconstruction in young children, as well as in adults.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.687-702
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• 2016

There are many studies in the literature conducted on the subject of ensuring earthquake safety of reinforced concrete and steel structures using steel braced frames, but no detailed study concerning individual behavior of steel braced frames under earthquake loads and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with out-of-plane steel braced frames has been encountered. In this study, in order to evaluate behaviors of "Concentrically Steel Braced Frames" types defined in TEC-2007 under lateral loads, dimensional analysis of Concentrically Steel Braced Frames designed with different scales and dimensions was conducted, the results were controlled according to TEC-2007, and after conducting static pushover analysis, behavior and load capacity of the Concentrically Steel Braced Frames and hinges sequence of the elements constituting the Concentrically Steel Braced Frames were tested. Concentrically Steel Braced Frames that were tested analytically consist of 2 storey and one bay, and are formed as two groups with the scales 1/2 and 1/3. In the study, Concentrically Steel Braced Frames described in TEC-2007 were designed, which are 7 types in total being non-braced, X-braced, V- braced, $\wedge$- braced, $\backslash$- braced, /- braced and K- braced. Furthermore, in order to verify accuracy of the analytic studies performed, the 1/2 scaled concentrically steel X-braced frame test element made up of box profiles and 1/3 scaled reinforced concrete frame with insufficient earthquake resistance were tested individually under lateral loads, and test results were compared with the results derived from analytic studies and interpreted. Similar results were obtained from both experimental studies and pushover analyses. According to pushover analysis results, load-carrying capacity of 1/3 scaled reinforced concrete frames increased up to 7,01 times as compared to the non-braced specimen upon strengthening. Results acquired from the study revealed that reinforced concrete buildings which have inadequate seismic capacity can be strengthened quickly, easily and economically by this method without evacuating them.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4275-4279
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is a major health problem due to the aging population with increasing deaths. Family functioning is affected by cancer diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to comparative analysis of the perception of family functioning by heads of families with and without cancer members during illness, focusing on changes or probable changes. Materials and Methods: This comparative study was conducted on two groups (families with a member of the cancer and controls without a family member with cancer). The families were of patients referred to the clinics and hospitals of Imam Khomeini, Taleghani and Omid of Urmia city, the number of samples being 148 for cases and 176for the control group. To collect the data, valid and reliable family functioning (FAD) was applied, a 60-item questionnaire with seven dimensions, with heads of families. To analyze the data SPSS- 23 Software was used for descriptive and analytical statistics. Significance level was defined p <0.05. Results: Among the seven items : problem solving, communication, roles, emotional response, emotional involvement, behavior control and overall functioning, only differences for average scores of problem-solving were statistically significant. Discussion: Contrary to common perception of severe damage for family functioning in families with cancer members, results of this study indicate that functioning in terms of family caregivers is more or less similar to that of the families with other diseases. Only in problem-solving item do these families experience more difficulty. Conclusion: According to the research findings, in nursing from families with cancer patient, it is recommended to focus more on the problem-solving item of the families.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.205-209
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• 1984

The crystal and molecular structure of thiosinamine, $H_2NCSNHCH_2CHCH_2$, has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystals are monoclinic, space group $P2_1/a$ with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions, a = 9.819(3), b = 8.553(3), c = 9.170(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 127.3(1)$^{\circ}$, and z = 4. Intensity data for 814 reflections were collected with a Rigaku-Denki automatic four circle diffractometer. The structure was solved by direct and Fourier methods. Refinements were carried out by full matrix least-squares method to a final R value of 0.046. The thiourea unit is planar, and the bond lengths and angles in that unit agree well with those in the compounds which contain a thiourea moiety. The molecules are linked together by the two patterns of N-H${\cdots}$S hydrogen bonds along the b-axis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

Recently, the spread of 3D printers has been increasing the demand for 3D models. However, the creation of 3D models should have a trained specialist using specialized softwares. This paper is about an algorithm to produce a 3D model from a single sheet of two-dimensional front face photograph, so that ordinary people can easily create 3D models. The background and the foreground are separated from a photo and predetermined constant number vertices are placed on the seperated foreground 2D image at a same interval. The arranged vertex location are extended in three dimensions by using the gray level of the pixel on the vertex and the characteristics of eyebrows and nose of the nomal human face. The separating method of the foreground and the background uses the edge information of the silhouette. The AdaBoost algorithm using the Haar-like feature is also employed to find the location of the eyes and nose. The 3D models obtained by using this algorithm are good enough to use for 3D printing even though some manual treatment might be required a little bit. The algorithm will be useful for providing 3D contents in conjunction with the spread of 3D printers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.115-126
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• 2017

Organizational trust is recognized as a factor that is directly linked to the organization's success in the sudden change represented by the 4th Industrial Revolution and uncertainties. This study selected trust and distrust as separate concepts and verified the structural relationship between organizational justice, psychological contract, trust, distrust, and turnover intention. Organizational justice was significant as a antecedents of distrust, whereas psychological contract was antecedents of trust, and distrust only had a significant effect on turnover intention. This result supports that trust and distrust are not one dimensions but two separate concepts. Also, organizational justice had no direct effect on turnover intention and only indirect effect through distrust was significant. This study has implications for both theoretical and practical aspects in terms of identifying the differential effects of trust and distrust.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2010

This study investigates the Korean loungewear market and the traditional culture values of consumers related to loungewear to examine the preference of Korean traditional details, sewing techniques in loungewear design, and purchasing intentions. A survey method was used in this study. A total of 230 self-administered questionnaires were obtained from female consumers and 214 data sets were used for analysis. For the analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were executed with PASW Statistics 18.0 and a structural equation model was estimated by Amos 18.0. The results are as follows. Traditional culture values were classified into two dimensions, traditional succession value and traditional design preference value. In the structure equation model, the traditional design preference value had a significant effect on the preference and the traditional culture succession value had significant effect on purchase intention. The results proved that the preference on loungewear with Korean traditional elements is closely related to purchase intention. Consumer groups were divided into three groups by traditional culture values factor; traditional culture succession group, traditional design preference group, and traditional culture indifference group. Style preference images showed significant differences in relation to traditional culture groups. This study is for use as fundamental knowledge on traditional loungewear brand development and strategy planning by offering specific traditional culture aspects associated with preference and purchase intentions.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

This paper presents a novel z-axis accelerometer with perfectly aligned vertical combs fabricated using the extended sacrificial bulk micromachining (extended SBM) process. The z-axis accelerometer is fabricated using only one (111) SOI wafer and two photo masks without wafer bonding or CMP processes as used by other research efforts that involve vertical combs. In our process, there is no misalignment in lateral gap between the upper and lower comb electrodes, because all critical dimensions including lateral gaps are defined using only one mask. The fabricated accelerometer has the structure thickness of $30{\mu}m$, the vertical offset of $12{\mu}m$, and lateral gap between electrodes of $4{\mu}m$. Torsional springs and asymmetric proof mass produce a vertical displacement when an external z-axis acceleration is applied, and capacitance change due to the vertical displacement of the comb is detected by charge-to-voltage converter. The signal-to-noise ratio of the modulated and demodulated output signal is 80 dB and 76.5 dB, respectively. The noise equivalent input acceleration resolution of the modulated and demodulated output signal is calculated to be $500{\mu}g$ and $748{\mu}g$. The scale factor and linearity of the accelerometer are measured to be 1.1 mV/g and 1.18% FSO, respectively.