• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2017

Japanese anise (Illicium anisatum L.) twigs were collected and ground after drying, then immersed with 50% aqueous acetone for 3 days. After filtration, the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and $H_2O$, and then freeze-dried after condensation. A portion of EtOAc soluble fraction (5.7 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous $MeOH-H_2O$. Compound 2 and compound 3 were isolated from fraction 8 and 5, respectively. Compound 1 and compound 4 were isolated after rechromatography of fraction 7. The isolated compounds were elucidated as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylopyranose (3) and quercitrin (4) by spectral and literature data, and by comparison with the authentic samples. Of the isolated compounds, taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-D-xylopyranose (3) and quercitrin (4) were isolated, for the first time, from the extracts of japanese anise twigs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2007

To investigate anticariogenic effects of extracts from pine needles and twigs, we measured the extracts' antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, their glucosyltransferase (GTase) inhibitory effects and their stabilities under various conditions of heat and pH. The 70% ethanol extracts of pine needles and twigs showed greater antimicrobial activities against S. mutans than the hot water extracts, and the pine twig extracts showed greater antimicrobial activity than the pine needle extracts. More specifically, the n-hexane fractions of the pine needles and twigs had the greatest effects against S. mutans, and their minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) was 0.6 mg/mL. The results of the extracts' GTase inhibitory effects indicated that the 70% ethanol extracts had greater effects than hot water extracts, and the pine twig extracts showed greater effects than the pine needle extracts. The antimicrobial activity against S. mutans for the pine needle n-hexane traction was greatly reduced as temperature increased, and was also largely affected by changes in pH. These results suggest that extracts from pine needles and twigs have anticariogenic effects and could be used as anticariogenic food additives.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model organism for several pathophysiological conditions which are related to human diseases. In this study, we tested the preventive effect of eight herbal extracts, which show the inhibitory effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) or aldose reductase (AR) in our previous study, on high glucose (HG)-induced retinal vessel dilation in larval zebrafish and analyzed the change of hyaloid vasculature. HG-induced zebrafish hyaloid vasculatures were significantly increased in the thickness compared to untreated zebrafish (P<0.001, n=6~10). Eight herbal extracts were found to have significant retinal vessel dilation on the inhibitory activity. Particularly, Brandisia hancei (twigs and fruits), Castanopsis orthacantha (leaves and twigs), Litsea japonica (leaves and twigs), Spenceria ramalana (whole plant), and Synedrella nodiflora (leaves and stems) showed potent inhibitory activity against retinal vessel dilation in HG-induced larval zebrafish.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated the antifungal activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of different parts (leaves, twigs, and root bark) of mulberry plant against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp. Among them, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark exerted the highest inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of A. alternata ($70.6{\pm}1.6$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$ and $58.7{\pm}0.0$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$, respectively) and Fusarium sp. ($15.5{\pm}2.7$ to $39.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $26.4{\pm}2.7$ to $47.6{\pm}4.8%$, respectively). In contrast, the methanol and ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves and twigs did not suppress the mycelial growth of these fungal species. Importantly, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry leaves tended to even accelerate the mycelial growth of A. alternata and Fusarium sp. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark can be used as control agents against A. alternata and Fusarium sp.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2019

Japanese anise (Illicium anisatum L.) leaves and twigs were extracted with 50 % aqueous acetone three times. After filtration, the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and $H_2O$, and then freeze dried after condensation. Then antioxidation and antiviral activity were evaluated on each fractions. In the antioxidative activities, the results indicated high activity in the EtOAc soluble fraction of the leaves and the EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of the twigs. It showed much higher antioxidative value compare to the controls, BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, the all fractions were negative effects in HRV 1B and EV 71, but good in Influenza PR8. The activities of the crude extracts of the leaves and twigs showed more than 80% activity at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and the activities of the EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions were close to 80%. Based on the above results, the extracts of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2014

Maesa japonica (Thunb.) is an evergreen shrub belonged to the Myrsinaceae family, which was discovered in 2006 in South Korea. And, its biological functions have not been well studied. In this study, we determined the antioxidant activities, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and the solvent fractions of M. japonica leaves and twigs. The highest antioxidant activity obtained by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and reducing power assay was found in the ethylacetate fraction of twigs methanol extract, which contained the highest level of total phenolic compounds compared to the other fractions. In addition, ethylacetate fraction of twigs extract exhibited higher inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) compared to the $IC_{50}$ of the buthanol fraction ($IC_{50}=16{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) of leaves extract. It showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii. Although the data is too limited, the current study is the first report on biological functions of M. japonica.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2020

Moringa (Moringa oleifera), which is native to tropical and subtropical climates, now grows in Korea due to its warming climate. Since it is also imported and used for food and other products in various countries, it is necessary to analyze the properties of moringa being imported into Korea. In this study, the antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid content were high in the leaves and twigs and showed a positive correlation. The mineral content was also high in the leaves and twigs, and potassium ions were the most abundant mineral. In addition, seven phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and syringic acid) and four flavonoids (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and rutin) were detected in the leaves, twigs, and stems, and the ferulic acid and quercetin content was particularly high. The results of this study can be used as comparative data for domestic moringa growers in the future.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.357-363
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• 2014

Euonymus alatus (EAE) and Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus (Franch. & Sav.) Hiyama (EACHE) belong to the Celastraceae family and are one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine as a therapeutic agent for blood circulation diseases. In this study, we prepared leaves methanolic extract of EAE (L-EAE), twigs methanolic extract of EAE (T-EAE), leaves methanolic extract of EACHE (L-EACHE) and twigs methanolic extract of EACHE (T-EACHE), and compared their anti-inflammatory activities. To analyze the anti-inflammatory activities, Raw 264.7 cells were used, since they are immature-macrophages and easily matured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. All extracts showed anti-inflammatory activities in the activated Raw 264.7 cells. That is, we showed that L-EACHE and T-EACHE are potent inhibitors of the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results are expected to serve as a guide for future studies on the ability of Celastraceae family to inhibit acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2023

Zanthoxylum piperitum ("chopi" in Korean) has been used as traditional medicinal plants with high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. The aims of the study were to identify marker compounds and to investigate metabolites variation of chopi according to different parts and harvest times. Every month from June to September, chopi were harvested with three different parts: leaves, leaf-twig mixtures, twigs. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), two main marker compounds (quercitrin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside) were characterized in 70% ethanol extracts of chopi. Quantification of the two marker compounds were subsequently conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), representing that contents of these compounds were higher in leaves and leaf-twig mixtures rather than twigs. For the comprehensive analysis of metabolites associated with production of marker compounds, 35 primary metabolites were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analysis results represented that plant parts were main contributors to the separation of chopi. However, significant differences were not observed between leaves and leaf-twig mixtures samples. The partial least square (PLS) predictive model revealed that monosaccharides (fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) and branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, valine, leucine) were important determinants for the production of marker compounds together with alanine, inositol, GABA, and theronic acid. This study could be extended to stabilize and utilize chopi as an industrial material, as well as to find good candidates with various nutritional traits.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.191-194
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• 2006

Twigs from llex macropoda were extracted with MeOH, and the concentrated extracts were partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. Repeated column chromatography of the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction ultimately resulted in the isolation of two compounds, via activity-guided fractionation, using ACAT inhibitory activity measurements. According to the physico-chemical data, the chemical structures of these isolated compounds were identified as lupeol (1) and betulin (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were shown to inhibit the activity of hACAT-1 and hACAT-2 in a dose-dependent manner, and compounds 1 and 2 inhibited hACAT-1 with $IC_{50}$ values of 48 and $83{\mu}M$, respectively.