• American Studies
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.155-182
• /
• 2021

This study explores how American war films modify or reenact American exceptionalism depending on political and social situations in the United States. To this end, it analyzes the two war films, Saving Private Ryan and We Were Soldiers that were released before and after the 9/11 attacks as a critical juncture in the twenty first century, respectively. While the former conducts a partial modification on American exceptionalism in order to restore the national identity and moral authority of the United States lost ever since the Vietnam War, the latter demonstrates a complete reenactment of American exceptionalism in accordance with the foreign policy of the Bush administration and neoconservatism. It concludes with the illumination that the examination of American war films within the framework of American exceptionalism is efficacious in understanding from a broad perspective how American exceptionalism is utilized depending on political and social situations in the United States.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.135-151
• /
• 2011

Recently, a wide variety of studies on future learning have appeared owing to rapid advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and increased discussion about core competencies in twenty-first-century learning. These studies, though insufficient in number, cover various fields such as architecture (design of the learning space), education (learning model), and technology (adaptation of mobile devices). However, these studies focus on mainstream students and do not discuss the future situation of inclusive education with regard to both mainstream and students with physical disabilities. Hence, in order to fill this gap, the present study explores the perceptions and ideas held by special education preservice teachers on the future learning space with regard to school design and peer-to-peer feedback. For this purpose, these preservice teachers' design proposals about future school were collected and analyzed. In conclusion, special education preservice teachers perceive the future learning space as an inclusive environment in which smart technology is incorporated. Future learning environment were categorized in terms of flexible, ubiquitous technology, physical and mental health, safety, and spaces with facilities for students with physical disabilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.402-412
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To describe the emergence of the North Texas Korean American Nurses Society (NTKANS) and to examine its sociocultural contributions to Korean immigrant societies in the U.S. for the last half century. Methods: The study used retrospective historical analysis to explore the first North Texas Korean immigrant nurses' footsteps. Using Christy's historical research methodology, this study explored themes found in the NTKANS Minutes, the directories, and newspapers, and compared them with historical nursing contexts found in documents, immigrant nurse's pictures, and letters. Interviews with twenty first immigrant Korean nurses, the members, were also use d as main data. Results: Since its emergence in 1969, the NTKANS have contributed to local Korean societies through community medical services, financial supports to local Korean associations, local publications, and opening Korean school. In addition, the society has contributed to the other Korean immigrant nursing societies in the U.S. Conclusion: The sociocultural contributions NTKANS had made to Korean immigrant societies were not possible without its members' enormous efforts, personal struggles, and altruistic dedications. The trials and tribulations these immigrant nurses have overcome and the achievements they made for last half century would greatly inspire students and nurses in Korea who may seek international leadership and scholarship.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.839-853
• /
• 2016

This study proposes that Malevich's 1913 performance "Victory Over the Sun" was not just Cubo Futurism, but that it produced Suprematism in the early 20th century. "Victory Over the Sun" did away with traditional set and costume design and a call to the Russian avant garde. Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of set and the costume design in "Victory Over the Sun", and considers how it impacted twenty-first century fashion designers like Margiela. The results of the study are as follows: first, Margiela reinterpreted the characteristics of the costumes featured on "Victory Over the Sun" from a cubist perspective and represented geometric spatial structures and mechanical human images through changes in methods and materials. second, he designed costumes by applying to the set and costumes expressed black & white images on "Victory Over the Sun". and third, Margiela reinterpreted the warrior image using geometric forms and colors in a creative way. Contemporary fashion designers, including Margiela, express their artistic creativity through various representational and materials choices. They want to convey their subjective personality and emotional sensibility to the public by mixing and deforming existing arts like painting, sculpture, and crafts to create new images. Thus, the creative intentions of the latest fashion designers have expanded art of costume design, exemplifying the process by which art is evolves and is made new.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2002

How parks are to be made in the twenty-first century should certainly be different. This is the inevitable conclusion of the recent significant international design competition for Downsview Park in Toronto, 2000. The purpose of this critical study is to investigate new strategies for urban park design manifested in the proposals of that competition and to explore alternative ways of landscape design that could solve the recent crisis of urban parks. Tree City, the winning entry, and other final entries proclaim that city is park and park is city. In this sense, Downsview Park marks the end of traditional Olmstedian parks and the dichotomy between city(culture) and park(nature). Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau's Tree City will become the model for urban park design in the near future. There are three reasons for this. First, its design is a strategy rather than a form. We can interpret that Tree City is to be developed over time as directed by six strategies: grow the park, manufacture nature, 1000 pathways, sacrifice and save, curate culture, destination and dispersal. Second, it places faith in landscape as a revenue generator instead of a fiscal liability. Third, its implementation is possible with crude installation, requiring virtually no craft. Koolhaas and Mau intend for Downsview to be an environment that is never actually designed but is formed through natural succession, cultural action, and programmatical insertions. Rather than designed objects and formal solutions, their strategy is to allow the landscape to evolve with changing uses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.317-334
• /
• 2021

This study aims to examine the expressive characteristics and meanings of modern in contemporary fashion, especially focusing on Vogue and The New York Times. First, modern signified originality born out of borderless fusion and compromise. It was also expressed to signify diversity and tolerance not bounded by conventions, TPO, areas, ethnic groups, seasons, or gender. Second, modern meant functionality encompassing the comfort of body and mind. It was used to refer to convenient mobility and activity fit for the lifestyle of busy modern people. Third, lightness and naturalness were used as new meanings of beauty in modern fashion. In the fashion of the twenty-first century, the principal meaning of modern was lightness, which was sought after in everything including materials, modes of wearing, and ways of thinking. Finally, modern fashion was expressed as a democratic tool for social reform and used in the meaning of enlightenment to benefit society as well as oneself. The results of this study indicate that constant changes in trends, lifestyles, and psychology of contemporary society have the potential to give new meaning to the concept and the use of the term modern.

• English & American cultural studies
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.185-206
• /
• 2014

The concept of the "diaspora" has established itself as one of the major topics in literary and cultural studies in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Contemporary studies on this topic tend to regard is diaspora as either as a liberatory space unmoored from a repressive national identity-formation or as a condition pregnant with challenges to the authority of a nation-state or nationalism. Viewed from within the social realities of multi-ethnic nations, however, diaspora has an alternative, darker face. For, reproduced within the concept itself, is that of a hierarchy: this hierarchy is one in which a dominant group seeks to repress the same ethnic members for their failure to conform. What is more, the cultural difference, which diaspora is believed to preserve, lends the dominant group an excuse to re-ethnicize its immigrants, subsuming them under the same extra-national category as that of the people or homeland they have left behind. By analyzing a range of historical and theoretical models, this study offers itself as an attempt to clarify the current, and often confusing, understandings of the condition of diaspora. By delving into its political potentials and discussing their possible socio-political ramifications, the study suggests that researchers of diaspora need to anchor themselves in historicity lest they end up "speaking for" their chosen subjects.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1708-1727
• /
• 2021

In the advent of the twenty-first century, human beings began to closely interact with technology. Today, technology is developing, and as a result, the world wide web (www) has a very important place on the Internet and the significant task is fulfilled by Web services. A lot of Web services are available on the Internet and, therefore, it is difficult to find matching Web services among the available Web services. The recommendation systems can help in fixing this problem. In this paper, our observation was based on the recommended method such as the collaborative filtering (CF) technique which faces some failure from the data sparsity and the cold-start problems. To overcome these problems, we first applied an ontology-based clustering and then the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm for each separate cluster group that effectively increased the data density using the past user interests. Then, user ratings were predicted based on the model-based approach, such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and the predictions used for the recommendation. The evaluation results showed that our proposed approach has a less prediction error rate with high accuracy after analyzing the existing recommendation methods.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.253-265
• /
• 2022

This paper examines South Korea's past developmental experience and its current strategy and policy initiatives to overcome global and domestic challenges and sustain economic growth in the twenty-first century, the digital and global era, to explain how the country became a high-income economy. The findings of this research highlight the following three factors: First, the most significant factor in rapid industrialization was the adoption of an outward-looking strategy, with the help of a highly skilled workforce and the development of high-tech manufacturing and services sectors, which was supported by the government plans. Second, the high R&D intensity helped South Korea become a global leader in information and communication technologies, which has emerged from a top-down innovation system that promotes close collaboration between government, industry, and the academic community. Third, according to the recently released Global Entrepreneurship Index, South Korea tops the region in entrepreneurship environment. Among the list of criteria, South Korea dominates in the ease of starting a business and enforcing contracts. They all play a significant role in encouraging investment, production, communication, and, eventually, economic growth. Finally, this paper suggests forward-looking developments promoting transformation and diversification into high-tech manufacturing and digital and green technologies.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1119-1133
• /
• 2013

These days there is a flow of support for returning to design and handcraft, and the arts and crafts ideas of William Morris have an influence until the present over periods. The semanticity and methodology of guild production method supported by William Morris is studied. The foundation that human is in beautiful harmony with nature is on free labor and artistic life. In the organic relationship, the decline of art is understood as general crisis of culture, and human living condition should be changed in order to rouse the human sense of beauty and comprehension of art. Once human labor becomes artistic, the consumption living and local living become artistic as well. And then consumers desire more artistic works, structures, or urban spaces, and the demands for those move artificers to go toward producing more artistic works and structures. That is, the course of succession of art and culture through living is the driving force of social progress. Even if the period when Morris lived and the present are very different, this paper will shows that a large amount of art and culture will be greatly developed in twenty-first century which is 'the period led by cultural consumers', and the people directly creating art works will be also increased at the same time, as Alvin Toffler suggested. Furthermore, we can aware through this paper that such the people will rule the world. Finally it reached the period that we must face to 'making artistic life' as Morris expected a century ago. According to the result of this paper, we realized the study about Morris will contribute greatly to improve the quality of human life.