• 제목/요약/키워드: tunnel exit

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고속선 터널미기압파 특성 및 예측기법 연구 (Prediction Method and Characteristics of Micro-pressure Wave on High-speed Railway Tunnel)

  • 윤수환;남성원;김석원
    • 한국철도학회논문집
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문은 경부고속선 터널에서 발생하는 미기압파 예측기법을 설명하였다. 미기압파 예측식에 필요한 계수를 도출하기 위하여 터널궤도유형에 따른 미기압파 변화를 알아보기 위하여 터널압력파 미기압파를 동시에 계측하였다. 열차속도, 터널궤도유형 그리고 출구로부터 거리에 따른 크기 변화를 분석하였다. 경부고속선 터널에서 발생하는 미기압파는 고속열차가 약 300kph로 진입할 때, 길이 4.0km의 자갈궤도터널에서는 약 7.5Pa 미기압파가 발생하며, 3.3km의 슬라브궤도터널에서는 약 14.3Pa의 미기압파가 발생한다. 그리고 터널출구에서 방사된 미기압파는 전파거리에 반비례하여 줄어들며, 100m 지점에서는 약 0.5~1.0Pa로 나타난다. 그리고 터널압력파 기울기를 이용하여 미기압파 예측식에 필요한 계수를 도출한 후, 예측식을 통해 미기압파 크기를 계산하였다. 계산된 미기압파 크기를 현장시험 결과값과 비교해 본 결과, 터널 미기압파 크기는 이론식을 이용하여 신속하게 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

소형차 전용터널 내 수소연료전지차 화재시 집중배기방식의 제연성능에 관한 연구 (A study on the smoke control performance of the damper exhaust system at FCEV fire in tunnel for small vehicles)

  • 홍서희;백두산
    • 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.745-756
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    • 2022
  • 도로터널은 입구와 출구를 제외한 모든 면이 막혀있는 반밀폐공간으로 화재가 발생할 경우 화재 연기는 화재로 인한 열부력과 터널 내 상시 존재하는 기류에 의해 종방향으로 확산하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 도로터널에는 연기의 이동방향을 제어하거나 화재지점에서 직접 배연함으로써 안전한 대피환경을 확보하고 신속한 구조 및 소화 활동을 위해 제연 설비를 설치하고 있다. 도심지에서는 인구 증가에 따른 교통량 증가로 인해 도심지 도로의 서비스 수준이 저하되어 극심한 정체현상이 빗어지고 있으며, 이에 대한 해결방안으로 도심지에 지하도로의 건설이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 수소연료전지차(FCEV)의 TPRD를 통한 수소 누출 시 화재가 발생하는 경우, 화재강도는 누출량에 의존하며, 최대 화재강도는 TPRD의 오리피스 직경에 따라 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 TPRD의 오리피스 직경 1.8 mm를 고려하여 최대 화재강도가 15 MW일 때, 소형차전용터널 내 차도 풍속과 대배기구의 개방 간격에 따른 화재연기의 확산거리에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 터널 내 차도 풍속이 1.25 m/s 이하인 경우 터널 내 기류제어가 가능하였으며, 댐퍼 간격이 50 m, 100 m 인 경우 화재로부터 200 m 범위 이내에서 제연이 가능한 것으로 분석됐다.

선형 터빈 케스케이드 통로에서의 3차원 유동 특성 (Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics in a Linear Turbine Cascade Passage)

  • 차봉준;이상우;이대성
    • 대한기계학회논문집
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.3148-3165
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    • 1993
  • A cascade wind tunnel test for a turbine nozzle, which was designed for a small turbo jet engine in a previous study, has been conducted to evaluate its aerodynamic performance and losses. The large-scale blades were based on the mid-span profile of the nozzle. Oil film flow structure, and then 3-dimensional velocity components were measured in the flow passage with a 5-hold pressure probe, in addition to turbulent intensities at mid-span of cascade exit using a hot-wire anemometer. From this study, 3-dimensional growth of horseshoe and passage vortices in the downstream direction was clearly understood with near-wall flow phenomena. In addition, secondary flow and losses associated with the blade configuration were obtained in detail.

Compound Choking of a Two-Parallel Stream Through a Convergent Duct

  • Kwon, Jin-Kyung;K. Masusaka;Y. Miyazato;M. Masuda;K. Matsuo;H. Katanoda
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.1829-1834
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    • 2001
  • The choking of dual subsonic streams flowing through a convergent duct in contact has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment was conducted by using blow-down wind tunnel. The condition, when the dual stream flow chocking (compound choking) occurs at the nozzle exit, was explained by one-dimensional analysis of compound sound wave propagation. The experimental results for the condition of compound choking were compared with the prediction from theoretical analysis, and the schlieren optical method using the spark light source has been used to visualize the flowfield.

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지하철 상대식 승강장의 제연운전모드 실효성에 관한 연구 (A Study for a Effectiveness of Smoke Control Operation Mode for a Subway with Separate Platform)

  • 이동호
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 2005
  • This study aim to derive the operation method of a comprehensive ventilation system which is capable of providing passengers with safe exit paths from platforms in onboard The situations. The airflow distributions in subway platforms under 13 types of tunnel vent system for a double track stop condition was calculated and having analyzed diffusion behaviors of smoke and heat exhaust in such states by performing 13 kinds of different ventilation scenarios by using a 3-D Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) simulation model to clarify the safety evaluation for the heat and smoke exhaust on subway fire events.

측추력 제어 유도탄의 공력모델링시 CFD의 적용 (Use of CFD for Aerodynamic Interference Modelling of Jet-Controlled Missile)

  • 성웅제;홍승규;안창수
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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    • pp.120-125
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    • 2003
  • Recently, lateral jet has been adopted as an effective control device for high maneuverable tactical missiles in supersonic regime. Aerodynamic interference caused by the lateral jet can be categorized into two phenomena : local interaction redistributing surface pressure near the jet exit region and downstream interaction affecting tail control effectiveness. As part of on-going research, this paper deals with the aerodynamic modeling to predict the variation of force and moment when lateral jet of is activated on the missile body. For this purpose, a series of numerical simulation has been performed and the results are presented. Using the information obtained by CFD, aerodynamic model of preliminary level has been constructed and is reviewed. Some relevant comparison with wind tunnel tests are presented.

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뇌실염이 합병된 수두증환자에서 피하터널 조루술 - 증례보고 - (Percutaneous Tunnel Ventriculostomy for the Hydrocephalus Complicated with Ventriculitis - Case Report -)

  • 황성남;조재영;박승원;김영백;최덕영
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.939-942
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    • 2001
  • Thirty nine-year-old man who required urgent shunt operation due to rapidly deteriorating visual acuity suffered from ventriculitis after aneurysmal operation. Daily dose of 20mg of vancomycin and amikyn were given intraventricularly via external ventricular catheter after failure of various kinds of systemic antibiotics. The exit of the catheter was made on the upper chest wall to prevent superinfection. External ventricular drainage could finally be switched to ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and he was discharged with clinical improvement.

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Open-jet boundary-layer processes for aerodynamic testing of low-rise buildings

  • Gol-Zaroudi, Hamzeh;Aly, Aly-Mousaad
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.233-259
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    • 2017
  • Investigations on simulated near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in an open-jet facility are carried out by conducting experimental tests on small-scale models of low-rise buildings. The objectives of the current study are: (1) to determine the optimal location of test buildings from the exit of the open-jet facility, and (2) to investigate the scale effect on the aerodynamic pressure characteristics. Based on the results, the newly built open-jet facility is well capable of producing mean wind speed and turbulence profiles representing open-terrain conditions. The results show that the proximity of the test model to the open-jet governs the length of the separation bubble as well as the peak roof pressures. However, test models placed at a horizontal distance of 2.5H (H is height of the wind field) from the exit of the open-jet, with a width that is half the width of the wind field and a length of 1H, have consistent mean and peak pressure coefficients when compared with available results from wind tunnel testing. In addition, testing models with as large as 16% blockage ratio is feasible within the open-jet facility. This reveals the importance of open-jet facilities as a robust tool to alleviate the scale restrictions involved in physical investigations of flow pattern around civil engineering structures. The results and findings of this study are useful for putting forward recommendations and guidelines for testing protocols at open-jet facilities, eventually helping the progress of enhanced standard provisions on the design of low-rise buildings for wind.

도시 자동차도로 터널 내부의 대기오염도 공간분포 특징 (Spatial Distribution of Air Pollution Level inside Roadway Tunnels in Urban Area)

  • 박보은;이승복;이동훈;이승재;우대광;최재현;진현철;배귀남;윤성택
    • 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.17-28
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    • 2012
  • Air pollution levels of gases and aerosol particles inside the Jeongneung and Hongjimun tunnels of the Naebu express way in Seoul were investigated through on-road measurement using a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) on February 8, 2011. The concentrations of $NO_x$, $CO_2$, number concentration of particles ranging 21-560 nm, and surface area of particles deposited on a human lung almost linearly increased with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance, and decreased rapidly before the tunnel exit. This trend was observed regardless of tunnel length and driving directions, which thought to be caused by semi-transverse ventilation facilities of the tunnels. The concentration increments per 1-m distance for $NO_x$, $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles ranging 21-560 nm were 0.61~0.80 ppb, 0.16~0.21 ppm, $0.20{\sim}0.29{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and 117~192 particles/$cm^3$, respectively. Average pollution levels inside the two tunnels for $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles >5.6 nm ranged 681~748 ppm, $246{\sim}381{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and $2.4{\sim}6.7{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$, respectively. In case of $NO_x$, the maximum concentration exceeded 1 ppm. These pollution levels inside the tunnels are much higher than those at urban background sites. This result can be utilized as basic data to evaluate the effectiveness of present ventilation system for reducing the pollution level caused by vehicles inside the tunnels.

Ribosomal Crystallography: Peptide Bond Formation, Chaperone Assistance and Antibiotics Activity

  • Yonath, Ada
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2005
  • The peptidyl transferase center (PTC) is located in a protein free environment, thus confirming that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This arched void has dimensions suitable for accommodating the 3'ends of the A-and the P-site tRNAs, and is situated within a universal sizable symmetry-related region that connects all ribosomal functional centers involved in amino-acid polymerization. The linkage between the elaborate PTC architecture and the A-site tRNA position revealed that the A-to P-site passage of the tRNA 3'end is performed by a rotatory motion, which leads to stereochemistry suitable for peptide bond formation and for substrate mediated catalysis, thus suggesting that the PTC evolved by genefusion. Adjacent to the PTC is the entrance of the protein exit tunnel, shown to play active roles in sequence-specific gating of nascent chains and in responding to cellular signals. This tunnel also provides a site that may be exploited for local co-translational folding and seems to assist in nascent chain trafficking into the hydrophobic space formed by the first bacterial chaperone, the trigger factor. Many antibiotics target ribosomes. Although the ribosome is highly conserved, subtle sequence and/or conformational variations enable drug selectivity, thus facilitating clinical usage. Comparisons of high-resolution structures of complexes of antibiotics bound to ribosomes from eubacteria resembling pathogens, to an archaeon that shares properties with eukaryotes and to its mutant that allows antibiotics binding, demonstrated the unambiguous difference between mere binding and therapeutical effectiveness. The observed variability in antibiotics inhibitory modes, accompanied by the elucidation of the structural basis to antibiotics mechanism justifies expectations for structural based improved properties of existing compounds as well as for the development of novel drugs.