• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 발효 강황 발효액의 급여가 내장지방과 혈청지질에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 수행하였다. 강황과 흑설탕을 동일비율로 혼합하여 12개월간 숙성 발효하였다. 발효액은 HPLC를 이용해 발효 후 유리당의 함량을 분석하였다. 동물실험은 총 3군으로 일반 대조군에는 고지방사료와 흑설탕 7.2% (HFD), 처리군에는 고지방 사료에 흑설탕 7.2%와 강황 12.8% (TP), 고지방 사료에 분말화한 발효 강황 20% (FTP)을 첨가한 배합사료를 4주간 급여 하였다. 혈청지질에서 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-콜레스테롤은 HFD군에 비하여 모두 감소하는 경향이었다. 혈청 중 아디포넥틴과 렙틴은 HFD군에 비해서 FTP군이 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), TNF-$\alpha$은 HFD군에 비해서 FTP군이 감소하였다. 또한 간 손상 지표인 혈청의 AST는 HFD군에 비해서 FTP군이 감소하였다. 이를 통해 발효 강황 발효액은 발효 전보다 발효 후에 고지방식이를 투여한 흰쥐에 있어서 비만을 억제할 수 있는 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

The Mume Fructus (MF) has been used for relieves cough, arrests arrest chronic diarrhea, treat fluid depletion, and treat ascariasis in Korea. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of six main components of MF. Additionally, we were investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of MF extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$/interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells. The analytical column for separation was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in water (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 280 nm and 320 nm. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of MF extract on the production of inflammatory markers, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells, respectively. We confirmed the genes expression related with TARC, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) in HaCaT keratinocyte cells by MF extract. The contents of the five compounds in MF were 0.22-1.01 mg/g. Also, the MF extract show inhibition of about 78% and 75% on NO and $PGE_2$ production at the concentration 1000 mg/mL in RAW264.7 cells. MF extract suppressed the hTARC level and genes expression such as TARC, MDC, and RANTES on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

강황 (Curcuma longa L.)은 건강기능성 식품의 훌륭한 소재로 전통적인 약용식물이다. 강황의 주요성분인 안토시아닌계인 curcumin은 항균작용, 항암작용, 항산화작용 등 다양한 효능이 있는 것으로 알려져있다. 본 연구는 혼합유산균을 스타터로 사용하여 강황 분말을 첨가한 발효유를 제조하여 발효유의 이화학적 특성 및 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. 발효유의 발효특성은 대조군에 비해 강황 첨가군에서 유산균의 성장이 현저히 빠르게 나타나 pH는 감소되었고 산도는 증가하였다. 또한 우유단백질의 분해도 부분적으로 일어났고 유기산은 lactic acid와 acetic acid가 높게 생성되었다. 기호도는 강황 특유의 쓴맛과 강한 향으로 인해 대조군에 비해 낮았다. 강황 발효유 배양액을 처리한 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 세포독성의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 염증성 싸이토카인으로 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6는 강황 처리군이 대조군에 비해 현저히 강하게 발현되었다. 또한 NO의 생성은 강황 처리군이 대조군에 비해 현저히 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 강황 첨가가 유산균의 성장을 촉진시켜 발효유 제조에 도움을 주고, 염증활성을 조절하므로 강황을 이용한 발효유, 음료 제품 및 다양한 기능성 식품 소재로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2011

Objectives : In a previous study, we have shown that Gagam-Gongjin-Dan(GGD) has an inhibitory effect on the ovalbumin-induced immune responses and a hepatoprotective effect on actaminophen-induced liver injury in Balb/c Mice. However, the possible anti-inflammatory effect of GGD extract for inflammatory mediators was not reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate an inhibitory effects of GGD extract against lipopolysaccharides(LPS) induced inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Methods : GGD extract was prepared by extracting with methanol for 7 days. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. Accumulated nitrite, an oxidative product of nitric oxide(NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The levels of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) were measured by Western blot analysis. Results : GGD extract (50-$400\;{\mu}g$/ml) per se had no cytotoxic effect in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. GGD extract dose-dependently reduced NO, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production and COX-2 activity caused by stimulation of LPS. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with GGD extract in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that GGD extract has an anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in peritoneal macrophages, these properties may contribute to inflammation disease care.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. on lowering lipid and anti-oxidation using hyperlipidemic rat. Methods : Male rats weighting $195.21{\pm}4.93g$ were divided into 4 groups and fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. Each of 7 rats was divided into a control and sample group. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Polygonatum odoratum(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of anti-oxidative activity and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results : 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty acid, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. However, concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not significantly different in all the treatment groups. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Concentration of liver triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 3. Concentration of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 4. The values of glutathione peroxidase activity showed a significant increment in all Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. The values of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity showed a significant increment in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. 5. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly different in all treatment groups. 6. Concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a significant decrement in the 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. groups than that of control group. Conclusions : Based on the results in this study, the Polygonatum odoratum EtOH ext. showed a positive effect in lowering lipid and anti-oxidation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2012

Purpose: Recent interest has focused on intentional replantation to restore an original tooth. Some studies have shown successful results with intentional replantation for periodontally involved teeth. For long-term success of replantation, a healthy periodontal status of the recipient site is required so that delayed replantation is more suitable for periodontally involved teeth. To reveal the ideal timing for delayed replantation of periodontally involved teeth, the healing process of extraction sockets after extraction of periodontitis-induced teeth in rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n=8) and test group (n=20). In the test group, periodontitis was induced by a ligature around the cervix of the mandibular first molar of all of the rats. Two weeks later, the mandibular first molars were extracted in all of the animals. The animals were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 after extraction and histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Results: In histological analysis of the test group, inflammatory cell infiltrate was found abundantly in the remaining periodontium 3 days after tooth extraction and decreased gradually at later time points. In immunohistochemical analysis of the test group, both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were numerous in the furcation area at each postextraction day. IL-6 was stained more heavily between 3 and 7 days after extraction; at day 10 after extraction, little staining was observed. TNF-${\alpha}$ staining was more intense at 3 days after extraction and gradually weakened at later points in time. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it takes at least 10 days to resolve periodontal inflammation in rat extraction sockets.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2012

Objective : This study was performed to estimate the effects of OMC-2010 extract on cytokine production in mouse spleen cells. Methods : Mouse spleen cells were pre-treated with ethanol and water extract of OMC-2010 for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokines. Results : OMC-2010 ethanol extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. OMC-2010 water extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TNF-alpha, and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that both ethanol and water OMC-2010 extract could inhibit the TNF-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expression.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2013

간장은 한국의 전통 발효식품으로써 최근 항암 효과, 항균작용, 항산화능, 항혈전 효과 등의 효능이 보고되고 있다. 한국의 간장은 콩과 밀을 주요 원료로 사용한다. 콩의 세포벽으로부터 유래되는 다당류는 효소적 가수분해에 저항성이 있으므로, 발효가 끝난 후에도 간장에 잔존하게 되며 이것을 간장 유래 다당류(Kanjang polysaccharides, KPS)라 부른다. 본 연구에서는 산분해법과 양조법으로 제조된 시판 간장인 A~T의 20종의 투석물로부터 다당류를 제조하고, 비만세포에서 염증성 cytokine의 방출과 mRNA의 발현에 대한 KPS의 효과를 실험함으로써 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. RBL-2H3 세포에서 KPS의 처리는 histamine과 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase의 방출을 현저히 억제시켰다. 자극된 HMC-1 세포에서 KPS의 처리는 염증성 cytokine인 IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$의 방출 및 mRNA의 발현을 감소시켰다. 특히, 양조간장으로부터 유래된 KPS는 산분해 간장보다 비만세포에서 우수한 항염증 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서, KPS는 알레르기성 염증반응을 억제시키는데 효과적일 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 실험동물에 민들레 열수추출물 식이를 급여한 후, GalN으로 간손상을 유발함으로써 그 예방효과를 혈액중의 생화학적 변화 및 간조직의 효소적인 변동을 통해서 규명하고자 하였다. GalN의 투여로 현저히 증가하였던 AST, ALT의 활성은 민들레 열수추출물 투여로 억제되었으나 군간의 차이는 보이지 않았고 ALP의 활성과 TBARS 함량은 3%의 추출물을 급여한 군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. GalN의 투여로 현격하게 높아졌던 혈중 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도 또한 감소하는 경향을 확인하였으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. GalN의 투여로 억제되었던 catalase, GSH-reductase, Mn-SOD의 활성은 민들레 추출물 투여로 유의적인 회복이 관찰되었으나 GSH-px의 활성은 그 경향만을 확인할 수 있었다. 조직 검경을 통해 민들레 열수추출물의 간염 예방효과를 확인한 결과 GalN으로 인해 유발된 광범위한 간세포의 괴사와 변성, 지방변성 등이 민들레 열수추출물식이로 다소 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 민들레 열수추출물은 AST, ALT와 ALP의 활성 및 산화적 스트레스를 감소시키고 활성산소 해독계에 관여하는 효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 GalN으로 인한 간 손상을 예방하는 것으로 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2015

Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the flavonoids-rich materials in human diet and onion peel, which is the onion by-products, contains over 20 times more quercetin than the flesh. In this study, to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel hot water extract (OPHWE), the cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interluekin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and IL-$1{\beta}$, were measured using the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells. The Balb/c mice were used for an in vivo acute toxicity test and ICR mice were used for measurement of inhibition effects of croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. As a result, NO levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ was suppressed by 38%, 41%, and 34% respectively, compared with that of the LPS only group, without any cytotoxicity. The edema formation in the ICR mouse ear was also reduced compared to that in control. Moreover, there were no mortalities occurred in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of OPHWE. These results suggest that OPHWE has considerable anti-inflammatory activities and can be regarded as a potent candidate material to treat inflammatory diseases.