• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2004

In Japan, propagation of cyclamen is mainly from seedlings. However, seeds are expensive and germination is slow and non..uniform. Therefore, to achieve genetically uniform propagation, multiplication must be vegetative. The rooted tuberous stems without shoots as sources of explants were cultured on the media containing BA and sucrose. After 30 days cultivation, tuberous roots were produced from the root ends attached to a tuberous stem and its capability was dependent on the type of media. The highest percentage of tuberous root formation was observed in Culture on the medium of 1/3 MS containing 0.05mgL$^{-1}$ NAA, 0.5mg L$^{-1}$ BA and 5% sucrose. Growth rates of the tuberous roots were greatly influenced by the cutting positions of a root in explants. The highest growth of was observed if small amount of root end was cut at initiation of tissue culture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2000

Tuberous root of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher) has not starch, and its brix degree changes during the curing. Therefore its chemical composition changes were investigated according to different curing conditions. Tuberous root contained 87.1% moisture at harvesting, that was decreased to 84.1-86.0% at 30 days after curing in different curing conditions. Brix degree was increased from 5.7 to 14.2-15.8% at 30 days after curing in comparison to at harvesting. Free sugars were detected from tuberous root in yacon by HPLC; that were fructose, glucose and sucrose. Fructose contents were increased from 0.09 to 1.04-1.79% during 30 days in five curing conditions. Glucose contents were shown to increase from 0.03 to 1.04-1.37 %. Sucrose contents were shown to increase from 0.04 to 0.13-0.43%. Tuberous root contained fructose, glucose and sucrose in order of amount that were highest in single-polyethylene film covered green house. Sucrose was little as comparison with fructose and glucose. Fructose and glucose were increased to 16.7 and 40.7 times, respectively, but sucrose was increased little about 6.8 times.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2009

Flowery Knotweed Root is the dried tuberous root of the knotweed family wheres Auriculate Swallowwort Root is the dried tuberous root of the swallowort family. Flowery Knotweed Root is also called Red Flowery Knotweed Root in China, which is dried root of Polygonum multiflorum THUMB. Chinese Flowery Knotweed Root is better known as the dried tuberous root belonging to the family Apocynaceae whereas White Flowery Knotweed Root in Korea is the dried tuberous root of Cynanchum wilfordii(Maxim) Hemsl. Up to now, while the dried root named Red Flowery Knotweed Root has been widely used in China, Auriculate Swallowwort Root has been widely used in Korea. Both the roots contrast in a striking way with the origin, shape, botanical names, other names, and chemical constituents, so administration and dosage without discrimination of both sides can be open to question. According to the literature, it is recorded that Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root are similar to the characteristics, properties, and actions. From this study, the result is as follows: 1. Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root are divided into the family Apocynaceae and the family Polygonaceae, respectively. Accordingly 2. Flowery Knotweed Root is in shape of an irregular spindle and looks reddish- brown or deep reddish-brown and the section is light yellowish-brown, while Auriculate Swallowwort Root looks yellowish-brown and the section is white or yellow. 3. Flowery Knotweed Root is reported by the Journal of the Crude Drug that the medicinals have not the same therapeutic action as Auriculate Swallowwort Root. It is recorded that the properties, channel entry, functions of Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root in literature have much in common. Many works on the roots of this plant has been used traditionally as a tonic are required of. In view of the results, Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root varies both in nature and in shape, so that the administration and dosage of the medicinals must be taken a prudent attitude.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

For the purpose of sweet potato varietal improvement, yulmi, shinyulmi, gunmi, hongmi and seonmi, whose source and sink are different one another, were cultivated at different amount of fertilizers, and then defoliation at initial stage of tuberous root weight increase on the relation of source and sink was observed as follows. The response of stem, leaf and tuberous root weight by amount of fertilizer and defoliation rate of sweet potato varieties was different. Stem and leaf weight increased along with heavy dressing by the following order; shinyulmi> seonmi> hongmi> gunmi> yulmi. Tuberous root number was the most at $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=60-70-190kg/ha$ amount of fertilizer, showing seonmi the most number. The number of stem, leaf and tuberous root increased along with the lowered rate of defoliation. In case of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=20-30-90kg/ha$ amount of fertilizer, tuberous root weight increased by increase of stem and leaf weight up to 50% defoliation and the difference of stem, leaf and tuberous root number was low as defoliation rate increases. The total dry weight matter was the most at heavy dressing amount of fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 1999

For the purpose of sweet potato varietal improvement, yulmi, shinyulmi, gunmi, hongmi, and seonmi, whose source and sink are different, were cultivated at different planting densities, and then defoliation at initial stage of tuberous root weight increase on the relation of source and sink was observed as follows. The response of stem and leaf and tuberous root weight by planting density and defoliation rate of sweet potato varieties was different. Stem and leaf weight per m$^2$ increased along with dense planting by the following order; shinyulmi> seonmi> hongmi> gunmi> yulmi. Tuberous root number per m$^2$ was the most at 75$\times$20cm planting density, showing seonmi the most number. The number of stem and leaf and tuberous root increased along with the lowered rate of defoliation. In case of 75$\times$10cm and 75$\times$20cm planting density, tuberous root weight increased by increase of stem and leaf weight up to 50% defoliation and the difference of stem and leaf and tuberous root number was low as defoliation rate increases. The tuberous root and total dry weight matter was the most at 75$\times$20cm planting density. The increase and decrease of source synchronized with those of sink at 75$\times$10cm and 75$\times$20cm, however the relationship occurred less at 75$\times$30cm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.356-360
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• 2002

The seedlings of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher), which were cuttings, plug seedling (PS), crown bud before sprouting (CBBS), crown bud after sprouting (CBAS), and divided seedling after budding (DSAB) were planted at 70$\times$50 cm planting distance on ridge; that was interow spacingintrarow spacing, and about 28,500$\pm$71 plants/ha. CBBS didn't need work and equipment to raise seedlings. PS and DSAB grew taller to 140.5 and 143.3cm, respectively, than others at 150 days after planting. In the changes of plant height, PS and DSAB showed taller than others during growth period, cuttings, CBBS, and CBAS grew rapidly in middle growth stage. Excepting main stem and petiole length, other characters were significant for seedling. Fresh weights were different among seedlings. Even though the yield of plants grown from CBAS and CBBS were lower with 34.7 and 36.4 ton/ha, respectively, than 3.6 ton/ha of DSAB; its yield index were over 95%, hence, those of plants grown from cutting and PS were lower with 73 and 87%, respectively. The ratio of tuberous roots over 200g to total tuberous roots per plant was the highest from DSAB. Most of tuberous roots were under 200g per tuberous root from cuttings. CBBS, CBAS, and DSAB are suitable to use seedlings for high yield of yacono. Yacon plant by DSAB much produced tuberous root of over 200g.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.300-304
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• 2000

Tuberous roots of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher) were stored in different temperature and relative humidity conditions after curing for 30 days. Non-decadent percentage, moisture contents, brix degree and sugars were investigated. Whether temperature and relative humidity were high or not, most of the tuberous root decayed during storage, and the decayed percentage was increased as long as the storage period. In final, only 13% of tuberous roots remain intact at 4$^{\circ}C$, 85% relative humidity condition to be appeared best storage condition in this experiment and all of the tuberous root decayed in other storage conditions after 6 months. Moisture contents decreased a little in the high relative humidity. Even though tuberous roots decayed when stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$, most of brix degree reached about 17.0. Fructose, glucose and sucrose contents were 1.65, 1.15 and 0.35% at early storage period, and 1.6, 1.1 and 0.5% after 6 months at 4$^{\circ}C$, 85% relative humidity, respectively. In 3 temperature conditions, fructose and glucose increased for a month and then decreased successively afterwards, but sucrose increased gradually during 6 months. Also in 4 relative humidity conditions, fructose, glucose and sucrose contents were changed with similar to that of in temperature. Changes of fructose and glucose were the same except on 4$^{\circ}C$, 85% relative humidity, that was lower level than moisture of tuberous root.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.407-410
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the optimal planting distance in cultivation of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher). Plug seedlings were planted with 6 different plant densities of 80 $\times$ 60, 80 $\times$ 50, 70 $\times$ 50, 70 $\times$ 45, 70 $\times$ 40 and 60 $\times$ 45 cm. The plant height and the petiole length were increased with increasing the planting distance. The tallest plant height of yacon was 165.4cm with the plant density of 80 $\times$ 60 cm. However, branch number per plant, leaf number on main stem and stem diameter were not significantly difference among planting densities. Tuberous root was harvested 31.42 tons/ha in 70 $\times$ 50 cm spacing. The ratio of heavier tuberous roots than 200 g to total tuberous roots decreased significantly according to increase of planting density. Fresh weights of shoot and root, contain the crown bud, were decreased, as planting distance was shorter. Tuberous root number was fewer but its weight was heavier in wide planting than in dense planting. We think that optimal planting density is about 30,000 plants/ha, if it were to be 70 cm row spacing, intrarow spacing should calculate about 47cm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2010

Cultural practices of Asparagus cochinchinensis in highland area were performed for a potential medicinal crop. These studies were examined to propagation methods, planting densities, nitrogen treatments, and cropping years. The results are summarized as follows. The adequate number of buds per tuberous root was 4 for vegetative propagation because the number of tuberous root harvested was 16.8 and the yield was also the highest, exhibiting 1,060 kg/10a. The suitable planting time for vegetative propagation was later than early April. If the earlier tuberous roots were planted, the less they emerged. The highest emergence rate was obtained from the planting density of $30{\times}20cm$ as 97.2% while the yield was highest in the $30{\times}15cm$ density, exhibiting 1,883 kg/10a with emergence rate at 94.9. It seemed that the higher planting density promoted plant height growth and yield in Asparagus cochinchinensis. The highest fresh weight was recorded at 6 kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer into the sandy loam soil compared to the level of 0, 3, 9 kg/10a. The yield was increased with cropping years. However, the proper harvesting time was the second year of cultivation because the rate of weight increase was maximized in the 2-year-old tuberous root. The yield in the third year was decreased as compared to that of the second year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2004

Fifty-day-old plug seedlings of yacon (Polymnia sonchiflolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher) were transplanted on Mar. 23, Apr,8, Apr,23, May 8, May 23, and June 7,2002 at Jeju to evaluate the effect of transplanting date on the growth and yield of yacon in Jeju island. Delaying the transplanting until May 23 greatly decreased plant height stem height, main stem diameter and number of nodes per plant. The number of marketable tuberous roots was about 6.0 per plant with the early transplanting from March 23 to April 231 but decreased to 1.9 per plant with the latest transplanting time, June 7. The yield of marketable tuberous roots of early transplanted (March 23 to April 23) yacon was about 27 MT/ha, and was 32.4 MT/ha at April 23 transplanting, but was remarkably reduced at the three later transplantings, May 8, May 23, and June 7. Dry matter and soluble solid contents of marketable tuberous roots were 14％ and 15％, respectively, regardless of transplanting date. The weight of a marketable tuberous root ranged from 153 to 183.9 g at the first three transplantings, but gyeatly reduced with delaying transplanting until May 7. The optimum transplanting date for yacon in Jeju island seems to be from mid-April to late April considering tuberous root yields, the risk of late-spring frost, and cost of seedling raising.