• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2018

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ($CO_2$) is a major component of climate change, and this increase can be expected to continue into the crop and food security in the future. In this study, Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers were used to examine the effect of elevated $CO_2$, temperature, and drought on the canopy architecture and concentration of macronutrients in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Drought stress treatments were imposed on potato plants 40 days after emergence. Under AT+2.8C700 (30-year average temperature + $2.8^{\circ}C$ at $700{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$ of $CO_2$), at maximum leaf area, elevated $CO_2$, and no drought stress, a significant increase was observed in both the aboveground biomass and tuber, and for the developmental stage. Even though $CO_2$ and temperature had increased, AT+2.8C700DS (30-year average temperature + $2.8^{\circ}C$ at $700{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$ of $CO_2$ under drought stress) under drought stress showed that the leaf area index (LAI) and dry weight were reduced by drought stress. At maturity, potatoes grown under $CO_2$ enrichment and no drought stress exhibited significantly lower concentrations of N and P in their leaves, and of N, P, and K in tubers under AT+2.8C700. In contrast, elevated $CO_2$ and drought stress tended to increase the tuber Mg concentration under AT+2.8C700DS. Plants grown in AT+2.8C700 had lower protein contents than plants grown under ATC450 (30-year average temperature at $400{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$ of $CO_2$). However, plants grown under AT+2.8C700 showed higher tuber bulking than those grown under AT+2.8C700DS. These findings suggest that the increase in $CO_2$ concentrations and drought events in the future are likely to decrease the macronutrients and protein concentrations in potatoes, which are important for the human diet.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2001

To explore the feasibility of recycled paper mulching in spring-grown potato the changes of soil environments and the growth and yield of potato under non-mulched control and three mulching treatments of recycled paper (RPM), transparent polyethylene film (TPFM), and black polyethylene film (BPFM) were examined over two spring seasons in 1998 and 1999 at Suwon, Korea. The mulching materials were a recycled mulch paper with 110 g/$m^2$ and a thickness of 0.1mm, which was manufactured from old corrugated containers for this experiment and the commercial polyethylene films with a thickness of 0.01mm. RPM lowered the average soil temperature at 5-cm depth during the potato growing period by 03$^{\circ}C$ compared with the control, whereas TPFM and BPFM raised it by 2.$0^{\circ}C$, and 1.8$^{\circ}C$, respectively. On a sunny day during sprout emergence, RPM reduced the maximum soil temperature by about 5$^{\circ}C$, while TPFM and BPFM enhanced it by about 11$^{\circ}C$ and 6.$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperature difference between the control and the mulching treatments decreased with the development of canopy. All the mulching treatments had an advantage in preserving the soil moisture over the control. RPM and BPFM resulted in the effective control of weed by obstructing light transmission onto soil surface, but TPFM had no control effect of weed. Sprout emergence started two to three days earlier in TPFM and BPFM, but one day later in RPM than in the control due to the altered soil temperature by the mulching treatments. However, the final percentage of emergence was notably lower in TPFM than that in the control because of too high soil temperature during daytime, but was not different among the control, RPM, and BPFM. During the early stage of potato growth, the shoot and root growth under RPM was lower compared with the control, but afterwards, RPM outpaced the control. In 1998 experiment, the tuber yield under RPM and BPFM were significantly higher than those of the control and TPFM. In 1999 experiment, there was no significant difference in tuber yield between RPM and the control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

This study was conducted in 2001 to develop a technique for mass production of superior seed tuber by using a wick culture system as an alternative plan to solve problems in hydroponic culture of potato. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) plug seedings were planted on a styrofoam bed (volume $0.032\textrm{m}^3$) containing two different media (Jeju scoria + peatmoss and perlite + peatmoss, (1:2, v/v) mixture, respectively). Each bed was equipped with various number of wicks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ea/bed). After harvest, the total porosity of both media was 83-85%. Bulk density of Jeju scoria + peatmoss was higher compared to that of perlit + peatmoss. However, the number of wicks did not influence to the bulk density. Conversely, moisture capacity of Jeju scoria + peatmoss was remarkably greater than that of perlite + peatmoss and was increased from 55 to 70% as elevating number of wicks. Although the number of wicks resulted in the areal growth of plants, the total yield and the weight of tuber were highest at the bed equipped with six wicks in both media.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

The contents of starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of different varieties of potatoes were analyzed. The average starch contents of Go-woon, Ha-ryoung, Dae-seo, Jo-won, Ga-won potatoes were $17.9{\pm}0.2$, $18.0{\pm}1.7$, $17.7{\pm}0.5$, $14.8{\pm}0.4$, and $16.2{\pm}1.0%$, respectively. The ground powder of each starchy substrate was suspended in distilled water, and then liquefied, saccharified, and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC26603 at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. By statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the contents of the different components of the potato tubers on the ethanol production were examined. The results showed that the starch content positively affected the ethanol production. while moisture content affected negatively the ethanol production. Ethanol production from the 5 different varieties of potato tubers harvested on different time were examined and the results indicated that both of potato variety and the harvesting-time significantly affected the ethanol production. Among the several varieties of potato, Ha-ryoung produced the highest yield of ethanol as much as $94.3{\pm}1.9$ L/ton or $3111{\pm}62.7$ L/ha.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 1979

The critical low temperature of death under submerged soil was -5^\circ C for the underground tuber of Cyperus serotinus while the vegetative organ (tuber or bulb) of Sagittaria pygmaea and Potamogeton distinctus -6^\circ C, -7^\circ C respectively. On the critical high temperature of death in water bath with 45^\circ C. Potamogeton distinctus and Sagittaria pygmaea were 1 hour, 24 hours, but Cyperus serotinus did not die. When vegetative organs of perenivial weeds setted on the soil surface, the propagation organ of Potamegeton distinctus did not die by desication in 17% of soil moisture, but Cyperus serotinus and Sagittaria pygmaea were dead within 2 to 3 hours in 25^\circ C of soil moisture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.290-295
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• 2020

In this study, the optimum conditions were established for anthocyanidin extraction from sweet potato tips and tubers. The dependent variables of ethanol concentration (X1), citric acid concentration (X2), and extraction temperature (X3) were designed using a central composite design. All three variables significantly affected anthocyanidin extraction, and the influence of X1 was greater than that of X2 and X3. The highest anthocyanidin content in tips and tubers were 26.58±0.07 and 117.32±0.39 mg/100 g at 50% (X1), 0.3% (X2), and 50℃ (X3), respectively. The optimal extraction conditions for the tips were 56.10% (X1), 0.25% (X2), and 52.24℃ (X3) and tubers were 55.08% (X1), 0.30% (X2), and 53.06℃ (X3). The predicted values under optimal extraction conditions were 27.45 and 119.61 mg/100 g, and the experimental values were 27.09±0.11 and 118.72±0.67 mg/100 g, respectively. The extraction conditions were validated by comparing the predicted and actual values with those of 98.69 and 99.26%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2017

This work was conducted to identify sweet potato [(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)] cultivars showing high yield and processing suitability in the Jeonbuk region of Korea. Shoot-slips (30 cm in length) of 14 cultivars were planted with a planting density of $75{\times}25cm$ on May 30, and cultivated with black film mulching. Vine elongation at 30 days after planting was significantly increased (> 90 cm) in 'Dahomi' and 'Sinhwangmi', and was excellent (> 250 cm) 120 days after planting in 'Sinhwangmi', 'Shinyulmi', 'Daeyumi', 'Jinhongmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi'. The branch number per plant showed a dramatic increase in 'Shinzami' 30 and 120 days after planting. The leaf number per plant showed the highest increase in 'Shinzami' 30 days and in 'Sinhwangmi' 120 days after planting. Total weight, mean weight, and number of marketable tubers per plant were significantly higher 150 days after planting than that 120 days after planting. Marketable tuber yield at 120 days was high, over 2.5 ton/10a in 'Daeyumi', 'Dahomi', and 'Jeonmi', and was considerably increased, from 3.2 ton/10a to 3.5 ton/10a, 150 days after planting. Total weight of marketable tubers per plant and marketable tuber yield 120 and 150 days after planting had significant positive correlations with vine length and number of nodes 30 days after planting. Starch value was significantly higher 150 days after planting than that 120 days after planting. 'Daeyumi' and 'Jeonmi' had good growth vigor, high yield, and high starch content; 'Dahomi' also exhibited beneficial traits such as good growth vigor, high yield, and bright orange-colored flesh.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1104-1110
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• 2009

To investigate physiochemical characteristics of Liriope platyphylla tubers by various drying process, proximate constitute, levels of free sugar, organic acid, free amino acid, crude saponin and spicatoside A were analyzed. Drying methods included hot-air drying (DLR, $60^{\circ}C$, 48 hr) and roasting after hot-air drying (RDLR, roasting at $180^{\circ}C$ for 15 min). The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and NFE (nitrogen free extract) contents of FLR (fresh Liriope platyphylla tuber) were 69.99%, 1.85%, 0.02%, 0.79%, and 27.35%, respectively. The most abundant proximate component of DLR and RDLR was NFE, of which the contents in both sample were 80.09% and 86.07%, respectively. The major free sugars in DLR and RDLR was oligosaccharide II as 56$\sim$57% and the major organic acid was malic acid as 3.06$\sim$3.34%, respectively. In free amino acid, the major amino acid of FLR, DLR and RDLR was serine with contents of 477.41 mg%, 1394.88 mg%, and 180.33 mg%, respectively. The level of serine was significantly decreased by roasting process. The level of crude saponin in FLR, DLR and RDLR were 3.52%, 8.41%, and 10.15%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Soil salinity of reclaimed tidal land in Korea is highly important factor. High salinity is harmful to crop productivity. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is known to be salt-tolerant and has high adaptability to diverse pedo-climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the changes of soil properties and crop productivity according to salt concentration in the reclaimed tidal lands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental sites were selected at Saemangeum ($35^{\circ}46^{\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}37^{\prime}E$) reclaimed tidal land, and their dominant soil series were Munpo (coarse loamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). H. tuberosus L were collected from 12 locations across Korea. Tubers were planted at $75{\times}25cm$ with EC 2 to $7dS\;m^{-1}$. Soil samples were periodically collected from both 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depths of each site. Soil salinity and soil moisture contents were varied depending on weather conditions. Soil electrical conductivity varied from 1.0 to $5.9dS\;m^{-1}$, and soil moisture contents varied from 9.2 to 28.7%. The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' exhibited the highest height (207 cm), followed by the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Iksan-si'(202 cm). The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'GyeongJu-si' showed the highest yield (549 kg/10a). The purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' showed the highest yield (615 kg/10a). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the plant height and tuber yield did not appear to be correlated. Considering yield and inulin content, the GyeongJu-si seemed to be suitable as the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. and the Yeongwol-gun seemed to be suitable as the purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. in the reclaimed tidal lands. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the inulin content and the yield.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1996

The experiments were conducted to identify the herbicidal effect of 2,4-D{ (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid}, 2,4-D ethylester {ethyl 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetate} and bentazon{3- isopropyl-1H-2,1,3- benzothiazin- 4-(3H)one 2,2-dioxide} on Sagittaria trifolia. Both 2,4-D and 2,4-D ethylester could completely control S. trifolia when applied before 80 days after transplanting of the tubers (DAT), but the weeding effect by bentazone decreased when applied after 60 DAT. 2,4-D and 2,4-D ethylester were effectively translocated from the treated parts to growing point. They killed S. trifolia completely when applied at 80 DAT under 3cm standing water depths, but the controlling effect by bentazone decreased at deeper than 1cm standing water depth. Formation of S. trifolia tuber was effectively suppressed with 2,4-D at 7g ai/10a and 2,4-D ethylester at 6g ai/10a when applied 60 DAT.