• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.457-463
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• 1986

Truncus Arteriosus is uncommon, accounting for 0.4%-2.8% of all congenital cardiac malformations. Truncus arteriosus has a poor prognosis in early infancy and defined as "a single arterial trunk that leaves the heart by way of a single arterial valve and that gives rise to the coronary, systemic and one or both pulmonary arteries directly." Through antemortem study of patients with truncus arteriosus the development of surgical techniques for palliation and correction was established. Recently we had surgical experience of truncus arteriosus - Collett '||'&'||' Edwards type 2. The main pulmonary artery was originated from truncus at right posterolateral aspect. Truncal valve was tricuspid with good coaptation. Ventricular septal defect was subarterial type of 2.0 cm in diameter. After detachment of the main pulmonary artery from truncus, truncus was repaired directly. Ventricular septal defect was closed with Dacron patch. Extracardiac valved conduit [Carpentier-Edwards: 16mm] was employed for making continuity between right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery. Postoperatively, incomplete right bundle branch block on electrocardiogram was continued. Patient was died due to respiratory failure in postoperative 40 days.s.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1984

This macroscopic observation was performed to investigate the aortic arch and their branches of the Korean native goat. Ten Korean native goats with black hairs ranging in body weight from 15 to 20kg were used. The findings were based on the latex cast of the vessels made by injection of neoprene latex. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The aortic arch of the Korean native goat gave off only one vessel, the Truncus brachiocephalicus. 2. The Truncus brachiocephalicus gave off the A. subclavia sinistra, the A. subclavia dextra and the Truncus bicaroticus. 3. The A. subclavia sinistra gave off the Truncus costocervicalis, the A. cervicalis superficialis and the A. thoracica interna, and continued as the A. axillaris sinistra. 4. The Truncus costocervicalis sinistra arose from the A. subclavia sinistra in all cases and gave off the A. scapularis dorsalis suprema and the A. cervicalis profunda, and continued as the A. vertebralis sinistra. 5. The branching pattern of the A. subclavia dextra was similar to that of the A. subclavia sinistra except the Truncus costocervicalis. The Truncus costocervicalis dextra was arisen together with the A. subclavia dextra in 8 out of 10 cases, while one of the remaining 2 cases arose as the first branch of the A. subclavia dextra and the other was given off directly from the Truncus brachiocephalicus. 6. The Truncus bicaroticus was continued from the Truncus brachiocephalicus after branching off the A. subclavia dextra in 8 out of 10 cases, but the Aa. carotidas communes sinistra and dextra were directly branched from the Truncus brachiocephalicus without forming the Truncus bicaroticus in the remaining 2 cases.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to understand truncus area conception to be explained in the pyobon and geungyul (Root-Stem and Origin-End relationships; PG) of meridian theory as to do the macro organic spatial conception in bio-mechanic system for human body. Methods : The extremity areas and truncus area to be explained in PG theories were classified spatially, and the reason was discussed that human body was classified as the extremities and truncus areas for the people of old times. It was considered the structural characteristics, exercise species and movement characteristics of truncus area in human body also. Results : The truncus area were made of cranium, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, clavicle, scapula, sacrum and the hipbone. It was the hollow structure and classified as cranial cavity, pleural cavity(thoracic cavity) and pelvic cavity. These cavities had mutually organic relationships, and because of cavity structures in the truncus and full structures in extremities would act in different direction about gravity with each other for movements. So it would be estimated that the old peoples had to need to separate the truncus and the extremities. Conclusions : In this study, the truncus area and the extremity areas in the PG of meridian theory could be recognized as the spatial conception of bio-mechanic system in human body. Although this study was the theoretical study not to be proven, it will be used to understand for the meridian theory as basic reference for spatial conception and bio-mechanic system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1991

From 1983, until June, 1990, 10 patients with various type of truncus arteriosus underwent total surgical correction including Rastelli procedure at Seoul National University Hospital. The age at operation ranged from 1 month to 9 years [mean 2.1 years]. Six patients had truncus type I, 3 patients had truncus type II, and one patients had truncus type IIIc. Right ventricular pulmonary artery continuity was established with a porcine valved conduit in 6 patients, mechanical valved conduit in 1 patient, and bovine pericardial conduit in 3 patients. The postoperative right ventricular /left ventricular pressure ratio ranged from 0.4 to 0.71 [mean 0.51${\pm}$0.14]. The lung histology revealed grade II pulmonary obstructive disease even at 4 month of age. Five patients were dead in hospital [50%], and they were less than 2 year of age. One patient, who had severs congestive heart failure preoperatively, died of low output syndrome and the other died of low output syndrome with postoperative bleeding. There were three death, because of a pulmonary hypertensive crisis that might have been prevented. Two of the five survivors had conduit failure over a mean follow up of 42 months [range 1 to 78 months]. Obstructed conduit was removed and a new conduit constructed using the conduit bed as the posterior wall and the patch of bovine pericardium and Dacron as patch the roof of the conduit. One patient died of acute cardiac failure during the operation. Although results in infants less than 2 years old have not been good, current improvement of intra-and postoperative care suggested that prompt repair is indicated for infants with truncus arteriosus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.15-27
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of BMM (Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle in the human truncus), and further to help the accurate application to real acupunctuation. Methods: The human truncus was stripped off in order to demonstrate muscles, nerves and other components, and to display the internal structure of the BMM, dividing into outer, middle, and inner parts. Results: The BMM in the human truncus is composed of muscles, nerves, ligaments etc. The internal composition of the BMM in the human truncus is as follows: 1. Muscle A. Outer layer: medial palpebral ligament, orbicularis oculi, frontalis, galea aponeurotica, occipitalis, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus. B. Middle layer: frontalis, semispinalis capitis, rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, rhomboideus major, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, levator ani. C. Inner layer: medial rectus, superior oblique, rectus capitis, spinalis, rotatores thoracis, longissimus, longissimus muscle tendon, longissimus muscle tendon, multifidus, rotatores lumbaris, lateral intertransversi, iliolumbaris, posterior sacroiliac ligament, iliocostalis, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament. 2. Nerve A. Outer layer: infratrochlear nerve, supraorbital n., supratrochlear n., temporal branch of facial n., auriculotemporal n., branch of greater occipital n., 3rd occipital n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th thoracic n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th lumbar n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th sacral n. B. Middle layer: accessory nerve, anicoccygeal n. C. Inner layer: branch of ophthalmic nerve, trochlear n., greater occipital n., coccygeal n., Conclusions : This study shows that BMM is composed of the muscle and the related nerves and there are some differences from already established studies from the viewpoint of constituent elements of BMM at the truncus, and also in aspect of substantial assay method. In human anatomy, there are some conceptional differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles of BMM and those which pass near by BMM).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.271-275
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• 1976

Truncus arteriosus is a rare and highly lethal cardiac anomaly characterized by a single arterial trunk emerging from the heart and supplying the coronary, systemic, and pulmonary circulations, The first successful correction of truncus arteriosus was reported by McGoon et al. in 1968 and was based on experimental work reported by Rastelli et al. in 1967 in which a conduit consisting of a homograft of the ascending aorta and aortic valve was used to establish continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries, Modification of this procedure using a Dacron tube valved with porcine xenograft instead of a homograft have resulted in the current definite treatment for truncus arteriosus. This report describes an 3 years and 4 months old boy with heart failure from type I truncus arteriosus who was diagnosed as the V. S. D. with pulmonary hypertension preoperatively and underwent corrective surgery employing the Rastelli procedure using a Dacron conduit valved with canine xenograft, but died due to massive bleeding from the anastomosis sites in operating room.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Objectives : To understand spatial cause hypothesis of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, the body truncus area was divided into intracranial, thoracic and pelvic cavity and was illustrated, the subjective pain degrees of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were compared with the illustraion of three cavity. Methods : The frontal view of pictures of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia subject truncus area were illustrated into three circles which was treated with conservative methods like the pelvic correction, cervical correction, FCST, posture training without drugs and acupuncture. The spatial analysis of three circle vertical centerlines were compared with the pain degrees. Results : The vertical centerlines of three circles were agreed with the body gravity centerline depending on the treatment progresses. namely, as the parts of truncus were matched to the body gravity centerline, the degrees of pain were decreased. Conclusions : The vascular pressure on the trigeminal nerve which was causing the idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia might be induced by the spatial misalignment of truncus area because the spatial misalignment of it can press to move vascular into trigeminal nerve partially. Further study will be progressed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.30-33
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• 1983

Truncus Arteriosus is an uncommon congenital anomaly which is now correctable surgically in patients with favorable anatomy. A case of a 9 month old male with truncus arteriosus, type II, is reported operation was done on cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The pulmonary arteries were not disconnected from the truncus, and the pulmonary common orifice was closed with a Dacron patch through anterior truncotomy and, for the distal anastomosis, the left pulmonary artery was opened near the common orifice. Continuity between the right ventricle and the left pulmonary artery was established with a valved conduit [Ionescu-Shiley, 14mm]. The postoperative course was excellent and uneventful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.766-771
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• 2003

It is known that low birth weight is a risk factor for poor outcome in cardiac surgery for many cardiac defects. Truncus arteriosus is a rare congenital anomaly that has an unfavorable natural course. We report a successful surgical correction of truncus arteriosus in an 13-day-old premature infant with body weight of 1.5 kg and gestational age of 32 weeks. We used autologous untreated pericardial conduit without valve in right ventricular outflow reconstruction. The patients remains in good condition with normal body weight (50 percentile) and wide right ventricular outflow tract 20 months after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.759-765
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• 2003

Truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch is a very rare congenital cardiac anomaly that has an unfavorable natural course. We report a successful one-stage repair of truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch through median sternotomy in a 25-day-old neonate weighing 3.1 kg. We reconstructed the aortic arch with direct side-to-end anastomosis between ascending and descending aortas. The right ventricular outflow reconstruction was performed with untreated autologous pericardial conduit without valve following Lecompte maneuver. The patient has been grown-up in good condition (25 ∼ 50 percentile of body weight) and shows the right ventricular outflow tract wide 1 year after the operation.