• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.273-276
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• 2007

In this study, we generated DSM(Digital Surface Model)s and orthophotos with both LIDAR data and scanned aerial photos and compared them with those generated from only the scanned photos. We checked the relief displacements of buildings appearing in the generated orthophotos, where the displacement should not be exist in a true-orthophoto. The RMSE of the relief displacement in the orthophoto generated using a LIDAR DSM is 3 m while the RMSE in the orthophotos from a DSM based on the image matching is 6.1 m. It was revealed that the orthophoto from a LIDAR DSM are closer to a true-orthophoto. But the results in the accuracy test and similarity evaluation of the generated orthophotos were contrary to former results because the roof texture of buildings were expanded to occlusion areas around the buildings. With the central area of the photo, we can generate sufficiently accurate true-orthophotos using a LIDAR DSM.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.417-422
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• 2008

With standard orthorectification algorithms, one can produce unacceptable structure duplication in the orthophoto due to the double projection. Because of the abrupt height differences, such structure duplication is a frequently occurred phenomenon in the dense urban area which includes multi-history buildings. Therefore, occlusion area detection especially for the urban area is a critical issue in generation of true orthophoto. This paper deals with occlusion area detection with visible height based approach from aerial imagery and LiDAR. In order to accomplish this, a grid format DSM is produced from the point clouds of LiDAR. Next, visible height based algorithm is proposed to detect the occlusion area for each camera exposure station with DSM. Finally, generation of true orthophoto is presented with DSM and previously produced occlusion maps. The proposed algorithms are applied in the Purdue campus, Indiana, USA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2008

Recently, it is appearing that new paradigm of urban planning that ubiquitous concept such as the u-City, uECO-City is introduced while is rising necessity about third dimensional geo-spatial information of high quality for urban area. Orthophoto can manufacture by expense and time that is less easily than digital map using personal computer even if is not highly technician and according as position relation between manmade feature and natural feature is equal, can get information of distance, angle, horizontal and vertical position coordinate of topographic, area etc.. directly through orthophoto. Also, visual effect is good that orthophoto is expressed by image and interpretation is easy to detailed part of topographic. Manufacture and practical use are consisting in various field, for it is having advantage that can recognize information effectively than digital map. Therefore, this study presents a way of generating a detailed DSM for producing a true-orthphoto of the urban area, and this study also presents a way to produce an optimum true-orthophoto for an urban area by investigating through experiment the optimum variable for the geometric and radiometric correction of the orthophoto. This study also examined the potentials of the thesis by building a 3-dimensional city model of the model region with the above thesis on optimum generating method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2007

In this study, we generated an orthophoto with both LIDAR data and aerial images and compared it with that generated from only the images. For the accuracy assessment of these orthophotos, we performed not only qualitative analysis based on visual inspection but also quantitative analysis by measuring horizontal inconsistency, boundary coordinates and similarity measures on buildings. Based on the visual inspection and horizontal inconsistency, the orthophoto based on LIDAR DSM appeared to be more closer to a true-orthophoto. However, the analysis on measurements of boundary coordinates and similarity measures indicates that the orthophoto based on LIDAR DSM is more vulnerable to double mapping on occluded areas. Accordingly, if we apply an effective solution on double mapping or use only the central areas of the aerial images where occluded areas are rarely founded, we can generate automatically true-orthophotos based on a LIDAR DSM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2007

Recently, production and application of ortho image using high resolution image are increasing by acquired high quality data from development of photogrammetry and IT technology. Generally, An ortho image has some problems that cannot remove completely to relief displacement about cultural feature like building and overpass because of performance rectification using DEM. Therefore, in this study, I generated DSM each of four experiment cases for production of true ortho image which is removed relief displacement of building using digital photogrammetry technique and LiDAR data, presented the plan of DSM production that is appropriate to production true ortho image by analyzing an accuracy after manufacture an ortho image each of DSM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.475-482
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• 2007

Most golfers believe that knowing yardages will improve their score. Certainly it helps with club selection. But, simple "Graphic" yardage guides being notorious for error and inaccuracies, which a serious golfer will pick immediately, only serve to erode the players enjoyment and ultimately, golf course satisfaction. Someone believes with low-level aerial photographic images, golfer will be impressed with the accuracy of the depiction, helping them play a more confident game. But, there are no mapping products in true 3-D available in the world that allows a golfer to determine shot distances in yards or meters. So, we suggest an lenticular technology for real 3-D display as a viable alternative to conventional image map solution. This technology is an image display method for the generation of multi-image effects like 3D visualization or animation. This methodology is cutting edge stereoscopic image which overcomes the limitation of conventional photo tech by recomposing and producing 3 dimensional images. A significant strength of this methods its versatility concerning display effects. The main use of the hardcopy 3-D lenticular displays is in the fields of science, education, planning, and representation. This paper gives a concise overview of the lenticular foil technology and describes the production of the true 3-D yardage book of golf courses. For this study, 3-D effects are achieved and evaluated with the lenticular display by incorporation multiple synthetic images based on digital topographic terrain model and by using the two images of the actual stereopair.