• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.1321-1332
• /
• 2014

The key objective of this study was to evaluate trophic state and empirical water quality models along with analysis of fish trophic guilds in relation to water chemistry (N, P). Trophic state index (TSI), based on total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (CHL), ranged between oligotrophic and hypereutrophic state, by the criteria of Nurnberg(1996), and was lower than the trophic state of total nitrogen (TN). Trophic relations of Secchi depth (SD), TN, TP, and CHL were compared using an empirical models of premonsoon (Pr), monsoon (Mo), and postmonsoon (Po). The model analysis indicated that the variation in water transparency of Secchi depth (SD) was largely accounted (p < 0.001, range of $R^2$ : 0.76-0.80) by TP during the seasons of Mo and Po and that the variation of CHL was accounted (p < 0.001, $R^2=0.70$) up to 70% by TP during the Po season. The eutrophication tendency, based on the $TSI_{TP}$ vs. $TSI_{N:P}$ were predictable ($R^2$ ranged 0.85-0.90, p < 0.001), slope and y intercept indicated low seasonal variability. In the mean time, $TSI_{N:P}$ vs. $TSI_{CHL}$ had a monsoon seasonality in relation to values of $TSI_{N:P}$ during the monsoon season due to a dilution of reservoir waters by strong monsoon rainfall. Trophic compositions of reservoir fish reflected ambient contents of TN, TP, and CHL in the reservoir waters. Thus, the proportions of omnivore fish increased with greater trophic conditions of TP, TN and CHL and the proportions of insectivore fish decreased with greater trophic conditions.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.184-195
• /
• 2005

A preliminary quantitative model of the trophic structure in Gwangyang bay, Korea was obtained using ECOPATH and data from relevant studies to date in the region. The model integrates and analyzes biomass, food spectrum, trophic interactions and the key trophic pathways of the system. The bay model comprises 9 groups of benthic primary producer, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, bivalve, pelagic fish, demersal fish and piscivorous fish. The total system throughput was estimated at $2.4\;kgWW/m^2/yr$, including a consumption of $41\%$, exports of $9\%$, respiratory flows of $24\%$ and flows into detritus of $26\%$. All of which originate from primary producers measured at $52\%$ and detritus of $48\%$. The total biomass was seen to be high compared to the levels of Somme, Delaware, Chesapeake Bays and Seine Estuary. This seems to be possibly due to artificial bivalve aquaculture and overestimation of benthos and benthic primary producer groups. The deviation can be calibrated by neglecting aquaculture and decreasing the habitat area for the groups. The trophic network of the bay shows a low level of recycling and organization as indicated by Finn's cycling index $3.3\%$, Ascendancy $3.1\;kgC/m^2/yr$ bits, Capacity $5.1\;kgC/m^2/yr$ bits and Redundancy $2.2\;kgC/m^2/yr$ bits. A high relative ascendancy of $62\%$ and a low internal relative ascendancy of $18\%$ indicate the system is not fully organized and stable towards disturbances, depending upon external connections. Although the model should be continuously provided with field data and calibrated further in depth, this study is the first trophic model applied to the region. The model can be a useful tool to understand the ecosystem in a quantitative manner.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권9호
• /
• pp.1537-1549
• /
• 2014

The objectives of this study were to analyze reservoir trophic state, based on Trophic State Index (TSI), spatial variation patterns of three zones (riverine, transition, and lacustrine zone), and empirical models through 20-years long-term data analysis. Trophic variables of TP and CHL-a were highest during the summer monsoon, and decreased along the main axis from the riverine to lacustrine zone. In the mean time, TN did not show the trend. Ratios of N:P and Secchi disc transparency (SD) increased from the riverine to lacustrine zone. The analysis of trophic state index (TSI) showed that mean TSI (TP) and TSI (CHL-a) were 62 and 57, respectively, and these values were highest in the transition zone during the summer. This zone should be managed well due to highest lake water pollution. The analysis of Trophic State Index Deviation (TSID) showed that algal growth was primarily limited by light penetration, and this was most pronounced in the monsoon season. The analysis of empirical models showed that the value of $R^2$, based on CHL-SD model, was 0.30 (p < 0.0001) in the transition zone and the $R^2$, based on TP-SD model, was 0.41 (p < 0.0001) in the transition zone.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

넓은 지역을 동시에 관측할 수 있는 인공위성 원격탐사 기법으로 금강수계에 위치한 대형 농업용 저수지에 대하여 영양상태를 평가하였다. 대청호에서 유도되었던 클로로필 ${\alpha}$ 농도 추정모델을 4개의 LANDSAT TM 영상에 적용하여 저수지의 영양상태도를 작성하였다. 연구 결과 클로로필 ${\alpha}$ 추정모델의 산정결과는 저수지의 실제 평균 영양상태와 유사하게 나타나 LANDSAT TM 영상자료는 저수지의 영양상태를 평가하는데 매우 유용한 자료임을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2006

The conventional water quality measurements by point sampling provide only site specific temporal water quality information but not the synoptic geographic coverage of water quality distribution. To circumvent these limitations in temporal and spatial measurements, the use of remote sensing is increasingly involved in the water quality monitoring research. In other to assess a trophic state of Yongdam reservoir using satellite imagery data, I obtained Landsat ETM data and water quality data on 16th September and 18th October 2001. The approach involved acquisition of water quality samples from boats at 33 sites on 16th September and 30 sites on 18th October 2001, simultaneous with Landsat-7 satellite overpass. The correlation coefficients between the DN values of the imagery and the concentrations of chlorophyll-a were analyzed. The visible bands(band 1,2,3) and near infrared band(band 4) data of September image showed the correlation coefficient values higher than 0.9. The October image showed the correlation coefficient values about 0.7 due to the atmospheric effect and low variation of chlorophyll-a concentration. Regression models between the chrophyll-a concentration and DN values of the Landsat imagery data have been developed for each image. The regression model was determined based on the spectral characteristics of chlorophyll, so the green band(band 2) and near infrared band(band 4) were selected to generate a trophic state map. The coefficient of determination(R2) of the regression model for 16th September was 0.95 and that of the regression model for 18th October was 0.55. According to the trophic state map made based on Aizaki's TSI and chlorophyll-a concentration, the trophic state of Yongdam reservoir was mostly eutrophic state during this study.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.14-30
• /
• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 부영양화도 지수(TSI)를 이용하여 우리나라 호소의 영양 상태를 평가하고, 경험적 모델(Empirical model)에 의한 호소의 상태를 예측하기 위한 것이다. 연구에 사용된 수질 자료(2000, 2001)는 환경부 DB시스템에서 획득하였으며 이용된 변수는 용존산소(DO), 생물학적 산소 요구량(BOD), 화학적 산소 요구량(COD), 총인 (TP), 총질소 (TN), 부유물질 (SS), 투명도(SD), 엽록소-${\alpha}$ (CHL), 전기전도도 (Cond.)였다. 이런 수질 변수의 농도는 측정된 수계 및 계절에 따라 변이양상을 보였다. 일반적으로, 영양상태(Trophic state)는 상류로부터 댐으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 계절적 변이는 여름 장마기 (7${\sim}$8월)동안 크게 발생했다. TP의 주된 유입은 장마기 (r=0.656, p=0.002)동안 일어났고, 이런 현상은 SS(r=0.678, p<0.001)와 유사한 경향을 보였다. CHL, TP, SD 및 TN을 포함한 수질변수는 계절에 따른 수계내의 영양상태를 평가하는 방법에 적용되었다. Carlson(1977)의 부영양화도지수(TSI)에 기초한 수계 내 TSI(CHL), TSI(TP)및 TSI(SD)는 중영양-부영양 상태를 보였다. 한편, TSI(TN)은 계절에 관계없이 전체 호소 내에서 TN농도가 풍부한 부영양-과영양 상태를 보였다. 따라서, 인은 호소 내 영양 상태를 조절하는 주요인자가 된다. CHL와 다른 수질 변수(TP, TN,그리고 SD)사이의 관계를 분석하기 위한 경험적 모델(Empirical model)이 개발되었다. 로그-전환 회귀분석에서 CHL-TP는 장마 전기 $R^2$ 값이 031(p=0.017)이었으나 장마 후기에는 0.69(p<0.017)로 장마 후기 인이 조류 성장에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 대조적으로, SD는 TP, CHL증가에 대해 감소하는 경향을 보였고 TN은 모든 기간 동안 CHL와 약한 관계를 가졌다. 결과적으로, 경험적 모델(Empirical model)이 제시하듯이 TP는 CHL을 예측하는 핵심 인자로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.505-515
• /
• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of stream nutrient regime, N:P ratios and suspended solids on fish tolerance/trophic compositions and stream ecosystem health, based on multi-metric model, during 2008-2013. Also, stream ecosystem health was evaluated in relation to chlorophyll-a (CHL) as a measure of algal productivity or indicators of trophic state to water chemical parameters. Total number of sampled fish species were 50 and showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2013. The minnow of Zacco platypus, based on the catch per unit effort (CPUE), was the most dominant species (25.9%) among the all species. Spatial heterogeneity was evident in the fish tolerance guilds that showed the dominance of sensitive species (89%) in the headwaters (S1) and the dominance of tolerant species (57%) in the urban. These conditions were directly influenced by concentrations of nutrients and organic matter (COD). The N:P ratios, as a barometer of water pollution, had a negative linear function (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01) with CHL, and the ratios had an important role in changes of COD concentration (R² = 0.40, P < 0.01). Under the circumstances, the N:P ratio directly influenced the relative proportions of fish trophic/tolerance compositions. According to the regression analysis of omnivore (O_m) and insectivore sp. (I_n) on total nitrogen and total phosphorus, nitrogen had no significant influences (P > 0.05) to the two compositions, but phosphorus influenced directly the two guilds [slope (a) = -32.3, R² = 0.25, P < 0.01 in the I_n; a = 40.7, R² = 0.19, P < 0.01 in the O_m]. Such water chemistry and fish trophic guilds determined the stream ecosystem health, based on the multi-metric fish model.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2008

To predict Daphnia secondary productivity along a trophic gradient indexed as total phosphorus (TP) concentration, we estimated energy transfer efficiencies from food quality for Daphnia such as eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Eleven flow-through Daphnia magna growth experiments were conducted with seston from 9 lakes, ponds and river waters. Primary productivities were estimated from food supply rates in the flow-through experiments, producing energy transfer efficiencies from seston to D. magna. We found DHA content was the best predictor of energy transfer efficiencies among the essential fatty acids. An asymptotic saturation model explained 79.6% of the variability In energy transfer efficiencies. Based on empirical data in this study and empirical models from literature, we predict that Daphnia productivity would peak in mesotrophic systems by decreasing food quality and Increasing food quantity along trophic gradient.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 2011

본고에서는 현재 시행중인 해양오염퇴적물질 관리용 유해화학물질 정화지수($CI_{HC}$)를 대상으로, $CI_{HC}$은 동일하나 유해 물질별 함량이 다른 해저퇴적물들이 같은 생물위험을 보이는가를 판단하려 하였다. 이를 위해 5개의 가상 오염퇴적물을 설정하고, 퇴적물 위험평가를 위한 트로픽트레이스 모형($TrophicTrace^{(R)}$ model)을 이용하여, 이 가상 퇴적물이 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos otakii)에 대해 미치는 생물위험을 최대무작용량에 기반한 독성지수(NOAEL TQ)와 최소작용량에 기반한 독성지수(LOAEL TQ)로 평가하였다. 쥐노래미에 대한 NOAEL TQ의 합계는 5개 가상 오염퇴적물에서 0.69~1.54의 범위였고, LOAEL TQ의 합계는 0.111~0.261로 약 2배 이상의 차이가 났다. 이는 퇴적물 유해물질 환경기준이 해양저서무척추동물군집에 대한 영향만을 고려하고 사람으로 연결되는 식용의 쥐노래미에 대한 영향을 반영하지 않기 때문으로 사료된다. 인체에 대한 비발암위험지수(HI) 값은 PCB의 경우 9.8~47.1로 매우 위험한 것으로 나타났다. PCB의 발암위험도는 5개 퇴적물에서 $39{\sim}190{\times}10^{-5}$으로 높게 나타났으며 As의 경우에도 $8.1{\sim}18.0{\times}10^{-5}$으로 높게 나타났다. 유해화학물질정화지수가 8로 동일한 5개 가상 오염퇴적물에서 비발암위험지수(HI) 및 발암위험도가 서로 매우 다르게 나타난 것은 각 오염물질별로 인체에 악영향을 미치는 정도가 다르기 때문이다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to use remotely sensed data, combined with in situ data, for the assessment of trophic state for Daecheong reservoir. Three Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper) imagery data were processed to portray trophic state conditions. The remotely sensed data and the measured data were obtained on 20 June 1995. Regression models have been developed between the chlorophyll-a concentration and reflectance which was converted to Landsat TM digital data. The regression model was determined based on the correlation coefficient which was higher than 0.7 and was applied to the entire study area to generate a distribution map of chlorophyll-a and trophic state. The equation, providing estimates of chlorophyll-a concentration, represented the year-to-year spatial variation of trophic zones in the reservoir. Satellite remote sensing data derived from Landsat TM had been successfully used for trophic slate mapping in Daecheong reservoir.