• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2009

Schizonepeta spike (Korean name "Hyung-Gae") has been used for oriental medicinal purposes in Korea, China and Japan. In this study, twenty six "Hyung-Gae" samples were collected including nine certified Schizonepeta tenuifolia plants, and seventeen commercially marketed "Hyung-Gae" products. Chloroplast trnL-F and rDNA ITS regions of the "Hyung-Gae" samples were sequenced and used to identify whether the samples were genuine S. tenuifolia or not. As the result, the trnL-F and ITS sequences of all the "Hyung-Gae" samples were shown to be identical and it was proven that commercially available medicinal products "Hyung-Gae" are genuine S. tenuifolia. Phylogenetic tree of S. tenuifolia using the trnL-F sequences was constructed and compared with phylogenetic tree using ITS of rDNA region sequences. In these tree, S. tenuifolia was affiliated in the family Lamiaceae. It is proven that trnL-F and ITS phylogenetic trees are useful to study taxonomic position of S. tenuifolia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

Sequences of the trnL/F intergenic spacer of chloroplast DNA were used to investigate the intraspecific evoution and phylogeography of Sedum takesimense (Crassulaceae). The trnL/F intergeneric spacer sequences from 32 individuals of S. takesimense were either 291 bp (17 samples "without indel" in the following) or 297 bp (15samples "with indel 1") in length due to an indel of 6 bp. Two main cpDNA haplotypes were detected within S. takesimense. The haplotype with indel was found on Ulleung Island and without indel on Ulleung Island and Dok Island. This confirmed the existence of two cpDNA lineages with different geographical distributions. The cpDNA sequence analysis also suggested a putative long-distance dispersal event between Ulleung Island and Dok Island.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.335-358
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• 2004

To investigate molecular phylogenetic relationships and to test hypothesis of hybrid origin of Ranunculus cantoniensis (Ranunculaceae), the sequences of nrDNA and chloroplast DNA were analyzed for 8 taxa and 25 accessions including 5 accessions of outgroup. In the phylogenetic trees by analyses of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood for ITS nrDNA sequences and combined data of psbA-trnH, rps16 and trnL sequences of cpDNA, R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. chinensis, and then to R. taciroi and R. silerifolius. The molecular phylogenetic relationships were not congruent with the previous report that R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. silerifolius. In the sequence analysis of ITS and psbA-trnH, rps16, trnL for R. cantoniensis and the related taxa, R. cantoniensis showed polymorphism. It supported that the polymorphism also was reported in chromosome number and karyotype of R. cantoniensis. Ranunculus cantoniensis shared the marker gene of R. chinensis and R. silerifolius in ITS, and one of R. silerifolius in cpDNA. These results supported the hypothesis that R. cantoniensis was caused by hybridization between R. chinensis and R. silerifolius based on chromosome number and karyotype, and also estimated that R. silerifolius might be of maternal origin and R. chinensis be paternal.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2017

Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau is a widely used medicinal perennial woody plant. For conservation and germplasm utilization of the plant, it is imperative to obtaining information regarding the genetic diversity of the plant populations. Although C. tricuspidata is an important medicinal plant registered in South Korea, no molecular markers are currently available to distinguish Korean-specific ecotypes from other ecotypes of different countries. In this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from chloroplast genomic sequences to identify distinct Korean-specific ecotypes of C. tricuspidata via the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR analyses. Molecular authentication of twelve C. tricuspidata ecotypes from different regions was performed, using DNA sequences in the trnL-F chloroplast intergenic region. The SNP markers developed in this study are useful for rapidly identifying specific C. tricuspidata ecotypes from different regions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2014

Lonicera insularis Nakai (Caprifoliaceae) is Korean endemic plant that lives along the shore of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. The aim of this study is to construct a phylogenetic relationship within six species (L.maackii, L.chrysantha, L.subsessilis, L. harai, L. morrowii) of genus Lonicera L. and Wigela subsessilis as outgroup and intraspecific variation of L. insularis using chloroplast DNA five regions sequences. Sequence analysis revealed that both L. insularis and L. morrowii showed complete homologies in the intergenic regions of trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, psbM-trnD and matK coding region. However, sequence in the petN-psbM intergenic region showed a single nucleotide difference between both species, thus we designated them as CP01 and CP02. The plants having CP01 are prevalent in the Ulleungdo and Dokdo, while L. insularis and L. morrowii from Ulleungdo and of Dokdo, and Japan have CP02. This confirmed the existence of two cp DNA lineages with different geographical distributions. We can infer the allopatric speciation by geographical barrier. The result will provide the important basal data to study speciation and specie evolution of ocean islands such as Ulleungdo and Dokdo.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.369-373
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• 2016

The 2 species of the genus Anoplocephala (Anoplocephalidae), A. perfoliata and A. magna, are among the most important equine cestode parasites. However, there is little information about their differences at the molecular level. The present study revealed that the mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. magna was 13,759 bp in size and 700 bp shorter than that of A. perfoliata. The 2 species includes 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, and 12 protein-coding genes each. The size of each of the 36 genes was the same as that of A. perfoliata, except for cox1, rrnL, trnC, trnS2(UCN), trnG, trnH, trnQ, and trnP. In the full mitochondrial genome, the sequence similarity was 87.1%. The divergence in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of individual protein-coding genes ranged from 11.1% to 16% and 6.8% to 16.4%, respectively. The 2 non-coding regions of the mt genome of A. magna were 199 bp and 271 bp in length, while the equivalent regions in A. perfoliata were 875 bp and 276 bp, respectively. The results of this study support the proposal that A. magna and A. perfoliata are separate species, consistent with previous morphological analyses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2013

The Polygonum amphibium complex (Poygonaceae) is a highly polymorphic taxon that can grow in aquatic environments as well as in moist terrestrial habitats. Aquatic and terrestrial plants of the P. amphibium complex vary significantly in morphology and exhibit very complicated patterns of morphological variation, resulting in the description of numerous infra-specific taxa. Principal components analysis of 107 individuals of the P. amphibium complex from Asia and North America using 11 morphological characters showed that the aquatic plants can be discerned from the terrestrial plants by leaf size, shape, and petiole length. In contrast, both aquatic and terrestrial plants collected from the same population or locality shared identical sequences in the matK, psbA-trnH IGS, rbcL-accD IGS and trnL-trnF regions of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), suggesting that aquatic and terrestrial forms of the P. amphibium complex are not genetically diverged; morphological differences between the two forms are probably due to the differences in environmental conditions of the habitats. In addition, results from the morphological analysis and the maximum parsimony analysis of the cpDNA data set revealed that the plants from Asia including Korea, Japan, China, Mongolia and Russia Far East are diverged from those in North America and Europe, suggesting that the Asian populations should be recognized as a distinct variety, P. amphibium var. amurense Korsh.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to review the taxonomic position of Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia endemic to Ulleung Island with related taxa T. cuspidata var. cuspidata, T. caespitosa, and T. cuspidata var. nana based on external morphological characters and DNA barcoding study. T. cuspidata var. latifolia was similar to T. cuspidata var. cuspidata in the arbor, straight trunk, and symmetric arrangement of leaf. But the unique differences between T. cuspidata var. latifolia and T. cuspidata var. cuspidata were leaf size and the exposure of seed from aril. Additionally, sequences of four chloroplast DNA regions including matK, rbcL, trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer regions were analyzed. Korean Taxus species and their related taxon T. cuspidata var. nana were strongly supported as a monophyletic group in neighbor-joining analysis. Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia showed 100% sequence identity to related taxa. Korean endemic T. caespitosa is also distinguishable from related taxa by prostrate stems and spiral arrangement of leaf. The examinations of external morphology and DNA barcoding study suggest that the taxonomic position of T. cuspidata var. latifolia should be maintained as a variety of T. cuspidata.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2013

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate taxonomic identities and relationships among 16 species of the korean genus Iris L. Korean Iris was grouped by five clades. Series Laevigatae, Tripetalae, Laevigatae and Sibiricae was included to Clade I. Series Chinensis, and Easatae was composed to Clade II. Series Chinensis was included to Clade III. Series Chinensis was composed to Clade IV. Series Crossiris, Pumilae and Pardanthopsis was included to Clade V. Iris dichotoma, I. mandshurica and I. tectorum formed one clade, and it was located mostly in the basal group. I. minutiaurea and I. koreana was not formed independent clade, so it is not clear between them about taxonomic identities. Iris tectorum was established taxonomic system by Series Cossiris in Subgenus Crossiris. Series Chinensis (I. odaesanensis, I. minutiaurea, I. koreana, I. rossii var. latifoia, and I. rossii) was distinguished is clear by Series Chinensis (I. odaesanensis, I. minutiaurea and I. koreana) and Series Chinensis (I. rossii var. latifoia and I. rossii). The Genus Iris was divided into four subgenus (Limniris, Crossiris, Iris and Pardanthopsis). We thought that evolved to subgenus Limniris in subgenus Crossiris, iris and Pardanthopsis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.