• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.465-469
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• 2006

Two mesophilic trickling bed bioreactors filled with two different types of media, hydrophilic- and hydrophobic-cubes, were designed and tested for hydrogen production via anaerobic fermentation of sucrose. Each reactor consisted of a column packed with polymeric cubes and inoculated with heat-treated sludge obtained from anaerobic digestion tank. A defined medium containing sucrose was fed with changing flow rate into the capped reactor, hydraulic retention time and recycle rate. Hydrogen concentrations in gas-phase were constant, averaging 40% for all conditions tested. Hydrogen production rates increased up to $10.5 L{\cdot};h^{-1}{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of reactor when influent sucrose concentrations and recycle rates were varied. Hydrophobic media provided higher value of hydrogen production rate than hydrophilic media at the same operation conditions. No methane was detected when the reactor was under a normal operation. The major fermentation by-products in the liquid effluent of the both trickling biofilters were acetate and butyrate. The reactor filled with hydrophilic media became clogged with biomass and bio gas, requiring manual cleaning of the system, while no clogging occurred in the reactor with hydrophobic media. In order to make long-term operation of the reactor filled with hydrophilic media feasible, biofilm accumulation inside the media in the reactor with hydrophilic media and biogas produced from the reactor will need to be controlled through some process such as periodical backwashing or gas-purging. These tests using trickling bed biofilter with hydrophobic media demonstrate the feasibility of the process to produce hydrogen gas in a trickle-bed type of reactor. A likely application of this reactor technology could be hydrogen gas recovery from pre-treatment of high carbohydrate-containing wastewaters.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2001

TCE및 TCE 분해산물의 높은 독성으로 인하여 TCE 분해 효소 및 세포 불활성화가 일어나서 장기간 안정되게 반응기 운전이 어렵다는 단점을 극복하고, TCE와 성장기질사이의 경쟁적 저해관계로 인한 처리효율 감소도 막기 위하여 TCE분해단계와 세포 및 효소 재활성화 단계를 구분시킨 2단계 CSTR/TBF 시스템을 개발하였다. B. ceapcia G4를 분해 미생물로 사용하였으며, 탄소원인 phenol과 공기 및 배지가연속적으로 공급되는 CSTR에서 효소 및 세포 재활성를 도모하고, TBF에서는 폐가스에 포함된 기사의 TCE를 공기와 함께 공급하여 B. cepcia G4 미생물막에의한 TCE가 분해되도록 구성하였다. 2단계 CSTR/TBF 시스템은 유입 TCE 농도가 15pp $m_{v}$까지도 100% 수준의 처리 효율을 보여주었으며, 고농도의 TCE를 안정적으로 장기간 처리할 수 있었다.다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2006

Two mesophilic trickling bed bioreactors filled with two different types of media, hydrophilic- and hydrophobic-cubes, were designed and conducted for hydrogen production under the anaerobic fermentation of sucrose. Each bioreactor consisted of the column packed with polymeric cubes and inoculated with heat-treated sludge obtained from anaerobic digestion tank. A defined medium containing sucrose was fed by the different hydraulic retention time(HRT), and recycle rate. Hydrogen concentrations in gas-phase were constant, averaging 40% of biogas throughout the operation. Hydrogen production rate was increased till $10.5\;L{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of bioreactor when influent sucrose concentrations and recycle rates were varied. At the same time, the hydrogen production rate with hydrophobic media application was higher than its hydrophilic media application. No methane was detected when the reactor was under a normal operation. The major fermentation by-products in the liquid effluent of the both trickling biofilters were acetate, butyrate and lactate. In order to run in the long term operation of both reactor filled with hydrophilic and hydrophobic media, biofilm accumulation on hydrophilic media and biogas produced should be controlled through some process such as periodical backwashing or gas-purging. Four sample were collected from each reactor on the opposite hydrogen production rate, and their bacterial communities were compared by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR products generated using bacterial 16s rRNA gene primers (8f and 926r). It was expressed a marked difference in bacterial communities of both reactors. The trickling bed bioreactor with hydrophobic media demonstrates the feasibility of the process to produce hydrogen gas. A likely application of this reactor technology can be hydrogen gas recovery from pre-treatment of high carbohydrate-containing wastewaters.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2005

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor materials are major sources of air pollution in Ulsan city, where much chemical plants are located. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new reactor which can remove VOCs and odor materials effectively and be equipped at the end of pipe easily. A modified reactor (bioscrubber trickling filter, BSTF), which have both characteristics of biofilter and bioscrubber, was developed and tested on its reactivity with several VOCs using two types of media, fiber and activated carbon 4- ceramic(A/C). It was observed that the removal efficiencies of several types of VOCs such as acetaldehyde, ethylalcohol, butanol, diethylamine and triethylamine were up to $95\%$ when they had about 100 ppm of initial concentration and 80 seconds of residence time. Good attachment of microorganisms to both media, where it is thought the reaction efficiency can be determined according to the amount of microorganisms attachment, observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Initial pressure drops of the packed bed with both media were 229 $mmH_2O/m$ at A/C column and 670 $mmH_2O/m$, respectively. However, maximum pressure drop of fiber column during the operation was over 1,647 $mmH_2O/m$. Therefore, it was thought that the fiber material would not suitable to use in the local plant as a packed bed media.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2007

This process which has a connection of biofilter and sulfur-limestone has been developed to treat organic substances including BOD, COD and SS etc. and to treat sulfur-limestone is for denitrification.. The whole process consists of chemical reaction tank, sedimentation tank, trickling filter, denitrification tank The trickling filter is equipped with a reactor filled with absorptive filter, and the sulfur denitrification tank is filled with sulfur-limestone mixed media. After setting up practical facilities whose capacity is 60 tons a day, we have observed the removal efficiencies of pollutants through 60 experiments during Summer and Winter seasons. The average concentration of polluted water was BOD for 3.6 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ for 11.3 mg/L, SS for 2.8 mg/L, T-N for 8.6 mg/L, and T-P for 0.8 mg/L, and the rate of treatment efficiencies 96.5%, 84.7%, 96.5%, 79.2%, and 80.8%, respectively was found through the experiments. The average treatment efficiency for BOD and $COD_{Mn}$ was 85.0% and 55.7%, respectively and the average removal efficiency for NH4+-N was 84.9% in the trickling filter. The removal efficiency in the denitrification tank is as follows; The removal rate of $NO_3^--N$ was as high as 93.2% within the compass of pH 6.3 to 7.3 through $16.8{\sim}37.0mg/L$ flown into $NO_3^--N$ and $0.1{\sim}8.3mg/L$ outflown. It had observed that this process has implemented highly efficient and advanced treatment without external carbon sources and internal recycle during its process. In conclusion, this process is suitable for a sewerage in a small village due to the merits of low power consumption and easy maintenance.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2003

생촉매 및 생물막 반응기를 이용한 TCE 생분해는 TCE를 무해한 최종산물로 처리할 수 있는 환경친화적 방법이며, 초기 시설비와 운영비도 낮아 경제성도 우수한 기술로 평가할 수 있다. 그러나, TCE 및 독성 분해산물로 인하여 생촉매 불활성화가 일어나서 장기간 안정된 반응기 운전이 어렵고, TCE와 성장기질사이의 경쟁적 저해로 인하여 처리효율이 저하된다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 TCE 처리 단계와 생촉매 재활성화 단계를 구분시킨 2단계 CSTR/TBF 시스템에 대하여 TCE 연속처리용 시스템으로써의 실규모 적용 가능성을 평가해 보았다. B. cepacia 및 M. trichosporium을 생촉매로 사용한 2단계 CSTR/TBF 시스템은 고농도 유입 TCE와 다양한 운전조건에서도 28∼525mg TCE/1$.$day수준의 높은 TCE 처리효율을 안정되게 유지할 수 있어 산업폐가스 처리를 위한 실규모 처리 시스템으로 적용 가능성이 높다고 평가할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2001

공업용 유기용매나 그리스 제거제, 전자기판 세척제로 널리 사용되어 온 TCE는 적절한 처리 방법이 개발되지 못하여 환경오염을 일으키고 있으며, 유전자변이 및 암을 유발하는 것으로도 알려져 효율적인 처리기술 개발이 요구된다. 미생물막을 이용한 처리 방법은 TCE를 무해한 최종산물로 분해시킬 수 있으며, 운전비 및 설비비도 낮아 경쟁력 있는 처리 기술로 평가되고 있다. TCE 자체는 미생물의 성장기질로 사용되지 못하므로 공동대사 과정을 거쳐 분해된다. TCE 및 TCE 분해산물의 높은 독성으로 인하여 TCE 분해효소 및 세포 분해산물의 높은 독성으로 인하여 TCE 분해효소 및 세포 불활성화가 일어나서 장기간 안정된 반응기 운전이 어렵다는 단점과 성장기질을 공급하는 경우 유발되는 경쟁저해로 인한 분해효율 감소를 막을 수 있는 여러 종류의 생물반응기 시스템들이 개발되었다. 이러한 생물반응기 시스템의 개발과 우수한 분해능을 가지는 균주 선별 및 개량 등을 통해 실제 현장에 적용시킬 수 있는 생물학적 TCE 처리 기술의 실용화가 가능할 것이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.452-459
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 난분해성 물질인 기상의 TCE를 효과적으로 처리하기 위하여 CSTR과 TBR을 연결한 2단계 생물막 반응기를 제작ㆍ운전하였다. TBR에는 TCE 분해능이 탁월한 메탄자화균인 Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b를 활성탄에 고정화시켰고, 기상의 TCE를 유입부에 연속적으로 공급하여 분해시켰다. 개발된 반응기 시스템의 효율을 조사하기 위해 다양한 운전조건에서 TCE 분해속도, TCE 전화율 및 cMMO 활성변화 등을 조사하였다. 여러 가지의 유입부 TCE 농도에서 운전한 결과 80 $\mu$mol/L의 고농도까지 처리가 가능함을 알 수 있었고, TCE를 포함한 기체의 유속을 변화시켰을 때 유속이 증가함에 따라 낮은 유속(50~200 mL/min)에서는 직선적으로 TCE를 분해속도 및 전화율이 증가하다가 높은 유속(200~600 mL/min)에서는 일정하게 유지되었다. TBR의 온도를 달리하였을 때, 2$0^{\circ}C$의 낮은 온도에서 3$0^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도보다 TCE 전화율 및 분해속도가 증가되어 TBR에서의 TCE 분해반응이 물질전달 저해를 받음을 알 수 있었다. CSTR에서의 희석속도가 낮으면 TCE 분해속도와 전화율의 감소 및 sMMO 활성 저하 현상이 일어남을 관측할 수 있었고, TBR에서 TCE 분해 과정에서 불활성화된 sMMO 및 세포 활성을 효과적으로 재활성화시키기 위해서는 CSTR의 희석속도를 높이 유지해야함을 알 수 있었다. 약 270일 이상의 운전기간 동안 운전조건을 다양하게 변경시켜도 매우 안정되게 시스템이 유지됨을 알 수 있었고, 최고분해속도는 525 mg TCE/Lㆍday 정도로 높아 개발된 2단계 CSTR/TBR 시스템의 우수성을 알 수 있었다.