• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 1995

We have examined bulge morphology of 104 bright barred galaxies, using V-band surface photometry based on the Kiso Schmidt plates. By measuring the bulge ellipticity and bulge-disk misalignment, we have classified bulges into four morphological types: sphere, oblate spheroid, triaxial ellipsoid, and pseudo triaxial ellipsoid. About half of the observed galaxies are found to have triaxial bulges with mean ellipticity of 0.24. They are distributed uniformly along the Hubble sequence.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-270
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• 2003

We have conducted a V-band CCD surface photometry of 68 disk galaxies to analyze the bulge morphology of nearby spirals. We classify bulges into four types according to their ellipticities and the misalignments between the major axis of the bulge and those of the disk and the bar: spherical, oblate, pseudo triaxial, and triaxial. We found that one third of the bulges are triaxial and they are preponderant in barred galaxies. The presence of the triaxial bulges in a significant fraction of unbarred galaxies as well as in barred galaxies might support the secular evolution hypothesis which postulates that the bar driven mass inflow leads to the formation of triaxial bulges and the destruction of bars when sufficient mass is accumulated in the central regions.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

We have conducted near-infrared (J- and H-band) surface photometry for two early type barred galaxies, NGC 3412 and NGC 3941. The bulges of NGC 3412 and NGC 3941 show isophotal twists which indicate that they are triaxial. NGC 3412 has a very short bar and its bulge is more centrally concentrated than that of NGC 3941. The unusually short bar and the centrally concentrated triaxial bulge of NGC 3412 might be the result of bar dissolution. The colors of the nuclear region of NGC 3941 resemble those of the blue nuclei, implying the presence of young stellar populations.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.20
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• pp.34.1-34.1
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• 1995

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.175-178
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• 1997

A modified Mukerjee's model considering the microstructural evolution was developed to study the superplastic bulge forming process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Through the microstructual observation after deformation, it was found that the grain growth rate of uniaxially tested specimens was different from that of biaxially deformed specimens. From this result, bulge forming experiments with and without back pressure were performed to examine the grain growth behavior and to compare the results of biaxial test with those of triaxial test. Good agreement between the prediction by a modified Mukerjee's model and the experimental measurements was obtained for bulge profile and thickness distribution.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1999

We have conducted a V, I, J, and H surface photometry of a barred galaxy NGC 4314 to analyze the morphology and luminosity distribution of the galaxy. By applying a semi two-dimensional profile decomposition method, we derived the luminosity fractions and the scale lengths of the three distinct components, bulge, disk, and bar: $L_b {\approx}0.35,\;L_d{\approx}0.35,\;L_{bar}{\approx}0.30,\;r_e{\approx}22",\;r_o {\approx} 50"$, and a $\approx$ 60". The bulge of NGC 4314 seems to be triaxial due to the isophotal twists but its luminosity distribution is well approximated by the $r^{1/4}$-law.