• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.258-271
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• 2009

Various environmental parameters change and ecological succession often lead to decline of Pinus densiflora forest in Seoul. Due to decline of it, we proposed the ecological management for conserving and improving from decrease of its dominant area on there. We analysed the P. densiflora forest's classification and suggested its ecological management that based on relation to competition between dominant species in the upper tree layer, the presence of competitive species in shrub layer and vegetation management standard. The Pinus densiflora forest types has been classified 6 types by ecological characteristics. The results from categorized its types are following as; 1) Pinus densiflora pure forest type; edaphic climax Pinus densiflora forest(26.1%), Pinus densiflora pure forest(21.5%). 2) the forest of Pinus densiflora and other species that compete with each other type; Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica forest(28.0%), Pinus densiflora-Pinus rigida forest(13.1%), Pinus densiflora-Quercus acutissima(4.2%). We conclude that the results in these kind of 4 types; Pinus densiflora pure forest type where possible to maintain the forest by edaphic climax, human trampling damage, vegetation management(e.x. remove the competition species, shrub layers management etc.) are mainly need to negative management. Whereas, the others 4 types; Pinus densiflora and other species(Quercus variabilis, foreign species, naturalized species etc.) that compete with each other types are need to positive management such as manage the same niche competition species, shrub layers management, remove the foreign species, naturalized species etc.. In these kinds of ecological management are very necessary to maintain Pinus densiflora forest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.725-740
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• 2014

To figure out the vegetation situation in the ridge of the Naknam-Jeongmaek, six intensive survey sites were selected considering environmental factors and human interferences, 132 quadrats (area $100m^2$) were installed to survey appearing species of trees and major environmental factors, and the characteristics of vegetation structures were analyzed. The surveyed plots were divided into six groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; Quercus mongolica-Q. variabilis community, Pinus densiflora-Q. dentata community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community, P. densiflora-P. thunbergii community, P. koraiensis community, Rhododendron spp.-Lespedeza cyrtobotrya community. P. densiflora-Q. dentata community, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community, and P. densiflora-P. thunbergii community are expected to be succeeded by deciduous oaks because the power of deciduous oaks is strong in their lower layer. C. obtusa community, P. densiflora community, and Rhododendron spp.-L.cyrtobotrya community are artificial forests that were artificially formed and are expected to be maintained in the current state for some time because the dominance value of planted species of trees is high. Most vegetations in Naknam-Jeongmaek were secondary forests or artificial forests formed for forest tree production and forestation for erosion control. In particular the top regions and hilly sections of the mountain were mostly dominated by deciduous oaks such as Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis showed some P. densiflora community competing with deciduous oaks. On the other hand, low sections and regions adjacent to the city showed severe artificial interference since exotic species such as P. thunbergiil, C. obtusa, P. koraiensis, and Rhododendron spp. were planted.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2008

Serve and do so that graft together specialists' view application field of computer and developmental disability diagnosis estimation data to construct developmental disability diagnosis estimation system in this Paper and constructed developmental disability diagnosis estimation system. Developmental disability diagnosis estimation must supply information of specification area that specialists are having continuously. Developmental disability diagnosis estimation specialist system need multimedia data processing that is specialized little more for developmental disability classification diagnosis and decision-making and is atomized for this. Characteristic of developmental disability diagnosis estimation system that study in this paper can supply quick feedback about result, and can reduce mistake on recording and calculation as well as can shorten examination's enforcement time, and background of training is efficient system fairly in terms of nonprofessional who is not many can use easily. But, as well as when multimedia information that is essential data of system construction for developmental disability diagnosis estimation is having various kinds attribute and a person must achieve description about all developmental disability diagnosis estimation informations, great amount of work done is accompanied, technology about equal data can become different according to management. Because of these problems, applied search technology of contents base (Content-based) that search connection information by contents of edit target data for developmental disability diagnosis estimation data processing multimedia data processing technical development. In the meantime, typical access way for conversation style data processing to support fast image search, after draw special quality of data by N-dimension vector, store to database regarding this as value of N dimension and used data structure of Tree techniques to use index structure that search relevant data based on this costs. But, these are not coincided correctly in purpose of developmental disability diagnosis estimation because is developed focusing in application field that use data of low dimension such as original space DataBase or geography information system. Therefore, studied save structure and index mechanism of new way that support fast search to search bulky good physician data.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.405-431
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• 2008

Cuticle micromorphology of 22 species of Quercus and outgroup were examined by the SEM. Twenty-two species selected each two or three species in all section of the genus Quercus. The genus Trigonobalanus and Alnus are selected as outgroups. Ten characters of the inner surface and eight characters of the outer surface of the cuticle have been described. Some characters, such as the present of papillae, arrangement of subsidiary cell, shape of anticlinal cell wall are considered important character for infrageneric classification. A parsimony analysis of 18 characters resulted in 72 most parsimonious trees with its lengths of 66 steps. The topology obtained from the analysis showed two major lineages. Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis formed one clade by 75% and subgenus Quercus formed another clade by 57% bootstrap value. Based on the cuticle morphology, the two subgenus delimitation of Camus was supported. However, sect. Erythrobalanus and sect. Cerris formed one group, and sect. Lepidobalanus formed polytomy.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 1985

The natural forest vegetation of the Piagol, Mt. Chiri, was classified into five major communities, i.e. Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, Q. serrata and Fraxinus mandshurica community. C. tschonoskii, C. laxiflora and Q. mongolica characteristically were dominated in the range of 500∼700 m, 700∼900 m and 900∼1,400 m in altitude, respectively. Abies nephrolepis and Rhododendron schlippenbachii in the ridge of Nogodan-Nalnaribong, and F. mandshurica and Q. serrata in the Yongsuam ravine were found as the dominant species. The transition between C. tschonoskii and C. laxiflora communities was relatively wide. The boundary between F. mandshurica, in the conglomerated zone, and the other communities surrounding its community was fairly abrupt. In Q. mongolica community, the canopy was relatively opened and the oak young tree of undergrowth was fairly dense. In the community of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii, the species composed of their understory was rich while their coverage was lower than that of Q. mongolica community. Shannon's diversity index was decreased in order of C. tschonoskii, C. laxiflora and Q. mongolica community, while their Simpson's dominance index increased conversely. Judging by the DBH-class distribution showing the negative exponential curve, these communities were considered as the climax forest. In Polar Ordination used samples (quadrats), the vegetation of the Piagol was divided into five groups, which was coincided with five communities classified by Braun-Blanquet system. In the ordination, the first axis and the second axis may be considered soil conditions and thermal conditions, respectively. It seems that two different methods, phytosociological method in macro level and ordination techniques in micro level, are useful for the vegetation classification.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

In this article, data mining simulation is applied to find a proper approach and results of analysis for study of variables related to organization. Also, turnover intention and organizational commitment are used as target (dependent) variables in this simulation. Classification and regression tree (CART) with ensemble methods are used in this study for simulation. Human capital corporate panel data of Korea Research Institute for Vocation Education & Training (KRIVET) is used. The panel data is collected in 2005, 2007, and 2009. Organizational commitment variables are analyzed with combined measure variables which are created after investigation of reliability and single dimensionality for multiple-item measurement details. The results of this study are as follows. First, major determinants of turnover intention are trust, communication, and talent management-oriented trend. Second, the main determining factors for organizational commitment are trust, the number of years worked, innovation, communication. CART with ensemble methods has two ensemble CART methods which are CART with Bagging and CART with Arcing. Comparing two methods, CART with Arcing (Arc-x4) extracted scenarios with very high coefficients of determination. In this study, a scenario with maximum coefficient of determinant and minimum error is obtained and practical implications are presented. Using one of data mining methods, CART with ensemble method. Also, the limitation and future research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 1994

Ten strains of 7 species from the genus Ganoderma, G. lucidum ATCC 64251, FP-103561-T, and ES70701, G. applanatum ATCC 44053 and FP-57035-T. G. lobatum ATCC 42985, G. resinaceum ATCC 52416, G. subamboinense var. laevisporum ATCC 52420, G. meredithae ATCC 64492, and G. microsporum ATCC 76024, were studied to discuss their phylogenetic relationships by utilizing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs). Six restriction enzymes, BamHI, BglII, EcoRI, HindIII, PvuII, and XbaI which digested mtDNAs into adequate numbers of restriction fragments for cluster analysis, were used in this study. Restriction profiles of strains for each restriction enzyme were treated as analysis characters to calculate similarity coefficients, which were converted into nucleotide sequence divergence values whose mean values were then arranged in a matrix table. This table was utilized for a phylogenetic analysis using the Neighborjoining method of the PHYLIP package to construct phylogenetic tree. Three strains of G. lucidum and two strains of G. applanatum exhibited different lineages each but one of G. applanatum strains showed a close relationship with G. lobatum, which reflected the species complexity of these species whose strains were phenotypically indistinguishable but genetically distinct. The present results suggest that the natural classification of Ganoderma needs to be considered from the viewpoints of molecular biology-based systematics as well as morphological classifications and cultural identifications for better phylogenetic conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.100-109
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• 2017

This study was conducted for preliminary survey and management support for Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) suppression. We took areal photographs of 6 areas for a total of 2,284 ha during 2 weeks period from 15/02/2016, and produced 6 ortho-images with a high resolution of 12 cm GSD (Ground Sample Distance). Initially we classified 423 trees suspected for PWN infection based on the ortho-images. However, low accuracy was observed due to the problems of seasonal characteristics of aerial photographing and variation of forest stands. Therefore, we narrowed down 231 trees out of the 423 trees based on the initial classification, snap photos, and flight information; produced thematic maps; conducted field survey using GNSS; and detected 23 trees for PWN infection that was confirmed by ground sampling and laboratory analysis. The infected trees consisted of 14 broad-leaf trees, 5 pine trees (2 Pinus rigida), and 4 other conifers, showing PWN infection occurred regardless of tree species. It took 6 days for 2.3 men from to start taking areal photos using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to finish detecting PNW (Pine Wood Nematode) infected tress for over 2,200 ha, indicating relatively high efficacy.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2010

This text was analyzed and investigated the vegetation and floristic composition by ordination and classification of phytosociological method, to evaluate the species composition and community structure of Cymbidium goeringii group in Korean islets. In habitat of 33 plots, the mean altitude was 65.9m, the direction was the southeast slope, the mean slope was 7.9%. The coverage of Cymbidium goeringii was 4.5%. The appearing plants with the Cymbidium goeringii was the total 102 taxa, and it was the kind of trees 68 taxa (66.7%), herbs 34 taxa (33.3%), evergreen plants 36 taxa (35.3%) and deciduous plants 66 taxa (64.7 %) respectively. The frequency of appearing plant was the highest in the Eurya japonica (48.5%), followed by Pinus thunbergii (45.5%), Smilax china (36.4%), Carex lanceolata (33.3%), Hedera rhombea (33.3%), Machilus thunbergii (30.0%), Styrax japonicus (30.3%) and Pinus densiflora (27.3%), respectively. The vegetation of tree layer in Cymbidium goeringii group was classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Castanopsis sieboldii community and Quercus variabilis community. Pinus densiflora community showed a strong combination with Cymbidium goeringii group in Korean islets. Pinus thunbergii community among communities was combined with Castanopsis sieboldii community, and Pinus densiflora community and Quercus variabilis community were combined.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

This is descriptive study to 2nd analysis data KNHANES IV-VI about risk factors of readmission among patients with cardiovascular disease. Among the total 65,973 adults, 1,037 with angina or myocardial infarction were analyzed. The analysis was conducted using SPSS window 21 Program and CHAID decision tree was used in the classification analysis. Root nodes are economic activity(χ²=12.063, p=.001), children's nodes are personal income(χ²=6.575, p=.031), weight change(χ²=12.758, p=.001), residential area(χ²=4.025, p=.045), direct smoking(χ²=3.884, p=.031). p=.049), level of education(χ²=9.630, p=.024). Terminal nodes are hypertension(χ²=3.854, p=.050), diabetes mellitus(χ²=6.056, p=.014), occupation type(χ²=7.799, p=.037). We suggest that the development and operation of programs considering the integrated approach of various factors is necessary for the readmission management of cardiovascular patients.