• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.695-707
• /
• 2019

This study was intended to suggest the appropriate vegetation management methodology by analyzing phytosociology for ecotourism resources. We carried out the classification and interpretation of the vegetation structure and the analysis of the relationship between communities and environmental conditions in Pocheon valley, Mt. Gaya. The vegetation in Pocheon valley was composed of 5 communities: Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community, Larix kaempferi-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora-Castanea crenata community, and Salix gracilistyla-Phragmites japonica community. The Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community was further segmented into two types according to the differences of composition species and location of habitats. The methodologies that satisfy both the use of nature for ecotourism resources and the sustentation of natural vegetation are as follows: - maintenance the present vegetation (dominance species) by strictly avoiding artificial management in the tree layer; - maintenance of the existing vegetation structure through the artificial management of the usual vigorous tree species when the species in the shrub layer grow up to the subtree layer; and - continued artificial management to maintain high balanced diversity and evenness of various species in shrub and herb layers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.27-45
• /
• 2008

This research focused on a total of 378 patients with external injuries under the age of 14 who visited the emergency center at a university hospital in Korea, during the months of January, April, August and November between January and December of 2007. In addition, the survey was conducted only on even number days and ranged across the whole year to reflect the impact of seasonal characteristics on the collected data. The research focused on determining the characteristics and inflicting cause of these patients with external injuries, analyzed the total time spent in the emergency room and obtained the following results. 1. When classifying the patients into different genders, the proportion of males (67.5%) was higher than that of females (32.5%). According to the different age groups, the highest ratio, at 61.1 %, was patients under the age of six. 2. Looking at the total number of minutes spent in the emergency room, the longest amount of time occurred during April with 162.7 minutes, followed by 121.9 minutes in January and 92.4 minutes in November. August had the shortest period of time spent in the emergency room, a significant statistical difference from the other periods of the year (p<0.001). 3. Regarding the amount of time required for each examination, patients required to provide a urine test spent an average of 204.7 minutes while those who did not spent 113.5 minutes on average. This is a 5% statistical difference among the two groups (p>0.05). 4. Looking at the five most commonly diagnosed problems in the emergency room, the total number of people with these top five commonly diagnosed illnesses comprised 55.6%, or 210 patients out of 378. 5. Utilizing the Decision Tree Model to estimate the total number of minutes required per visit, the first classifications were made using a chemical examination factor. People subject to chemical classification spent an average of 177.7 minutes, which was longer than the overall average of 115.2 minutes, and those exempt from chemical examination spent an average of 103.8 minutes, which was shorter than the average Conclusion; Effort to curtail the total time spent in emergency rooms is vital in guaranteeing efficient management of hospitals and providing medical services. The delay experienced by many comprehensive professional medical centers must be resolved through the establishment of effective delivery of medical services, increased supply of patient rooms and other policy oriented implementations. However, for now, this problem must be resolved by increasing the level of patient satisfaction and guaranteeing effective operation of patient rooms, which will significantly contribute to the general management and success of hospitals and institutions.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to evaluate local control, survival, prognostic factors, and failure patterns in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. Materials and Methods: From April 1984 to November 1996,41 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring were treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age was ranged from 19 to 73 years old with a median age of 55 years, and there were 26 male and 15 female patients. Primary site was tonsil in 26 and base of the tongue in 7 and nasopharynx in 8, and stage distribution showed stage I in 12 and stage II in 29 patients. Pathologic classification was done according to Working Formulation. There were 1 with follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell, 8 with diffuse small cleaved cell, 7 with diffuse mixed small and large cell, and 25 cases with diffuse large cell. All patients were treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of either CHOP-Bleo(cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin) or COP-BLAM III(cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin, adriamycin, procarbazine). Radiation dose ranged from 3600cGy to 6620cGy with a median dose of 5040cGy. Follow-up time was ranged from 15 months to 159 months(median 55 months). Results: The complete response was achieved in 98%(40/41) and partial response in 2%(1/41). The complete response rate were the followings: 66.7% for stage I and 51.7% for stage II after chemotherapy, 100% for stage I and 96.6% for stage II after overall treatment respectively. The overall survival rate and disease-tree survival rates at 5 years were 82.6% and 79.5%, respectively. Prognostic factors for overall survival were age(p=0.007), stage(p=0.03), nodal status(p=0.006) and radiation dose(p=0.003). The factors associated with disease-tree survival were stage(p=0.04), nodal status(p=0.004) and radiation dose(p=0.009). The failure patterns were analized in evaluable 35 patients with complete response. Locoregional failure was noted in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 5 patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combined modality therapy is the appropriate treatment for stage I-II intermediate grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring. However, our material is small and the analysis is retrospective. Randomized prospective studies for combined therapy, radiation therapy alone and chemotherapy alone are needed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.371-388
• /
• 2008

Phylogenetic studies were conducted for 35 populations of the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae) based on waxy gene of nuclear DNA and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region of chloroplast DNA. Waxy data analysis suggest that Coryloideae is monophyletic; Corylus is monophyletic and basally branching within the subfamily Coryloideae; Ostryopsis is sister to the Carpinus and Ostrya clade, and the Ostrya is monophyletic (BS=86, PP=99). AtpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region analysis shows that Ostryopsis appeared as the most basal clade within the Coryloideae; Corylus is monophyletic(BS=98, PP=100) and placed between Carpinus-Ostrya and Ostryopsis clade; Carpinus and Ostrya formed a clade with a high support value(BS=100, PP=100). Carpinus sect. Carpinus is monophyletic, whereas sect. Distegocarpus is paraphyletic in the waxy tree. Corylus formed two subclades, but discordance at the infrageneric classification based on morphological characters. In the atpB-rbcL tree, Carpinus and Corylus taxa form a polytomy within the each clade. Results from the two data sets differ mainly in the relative position of Ostryopsis, the monophyly of Ostrya, and the relationships within the Carpinus-Ostrya clade. Further studies are needed for clarify the taxonomic position and the generic limitation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.245-253
• /
• 2011

Due to the imprudent spending of the fossil fuels, the environment was contaminated seriously and the exhaustion problems of the fossil fuels loomed large. Therefore people become taking a great interest in alternative energy resources which can solve problems of fossil fuels. The wind power energy is one of the most interested energy in the new and renewable energy. However, the plants of wind power energy and the traditional power plants should be balanced between the power generation and the power consumption. Therefore, we need analysis and prediction to generate power efficiently using wind energy. In this paper, we have performed a research to predict power generation patterns using the wind power data. Prediction approaches of datamining area can be used for building a prediction model. The research steps are as follows: 1) we performed preprocessing to handle the missing values and anomalous data. And we extracted the characteristic vector data. 2) The representative patterns were found by the MIA(Mean Index Adequacy) measure and the SOM(Self-Organizing Feature Map) clustering approach using the normalized dataset. We assigned the class labels to each data. 3) We built a new predicting model about the wind power generation with classification approach. In this experiment, we built a forecasting model to predict wind power generation patterns using the decision tree.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.279-300
• /
• 2001

Data mining plays an important role in knowledge discovery process and usually various existing algorithms are selected for the specific purpose of the mining. Currently, data mining techniques are actively to the statistics, business, electronic commerce, biology, and medical area and currently numerous algorithms are being researched and developed for these applications. However, in a long run, only a few algorithms, which are well-suited to specific applications with excellent performance in large database, will survive. So it is reasonable to focus our effort on those selected algorithms in the future. This paper classifies about 30 existing algorithms into 7 categories - association rule, clustering, neural network, decision tree, genetic algorithm, memory-based reasoning, and bayesian network. First of all, this work analyzes systematic hierarchy and characteristics of algorithms and we present 14 criteria for classifying the algorithms and the results based on this criteria. Finally, we propose the best algorithms among some comparable algorithms with different features and performances. The result of this paper can be used as a guideline for data mining researches as well as field applications of data mining.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.171-184
• /
• 2005

In order to investigate correlation between mother's dental ca re for her children and their dental caries, this study was conducted wi th the dental examination record of 365 children who showed the same number of questionnaires with those examined for dental conditions and questionnaires written by mothers among children between three and six years of age and their mothers in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province in June 2004 to estimate frequency and percentage of general properties of subjects and mother's oral health care behaviors for her children by research items, to carry out cross-tabulation analysis and correlation analysis following Chi-square distribution for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, and to use decision tree analysis among data mining techniques for those factors associated with the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and drew the following conclusions. 1. For mother's oral health care behaviors and attitudes for her children, 225 mothers(61.6%) confirmed their children's teeth-brushing; 278(76.2%) used no fluorine; and 286(78.6%) observed their children's teeth, 322 mothers(88.2%) instructed their children in teeth-brushing while 268 (73.4%) provided dental care, 232 mothers(63.7%) treated their children's cavity; 290(79.4%) believed that their children had good dental conditions; and 294(80.5%) answered that they began to provide their children with dental care in deciduous teeth. 2. As for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and dental health care behaviors, there were statistically significant differences in employment, confirmation after teeth-brushing, teeth observation, instruction in time for teeth-brushing, use of fluorine, cavity treatment, time for dental care, and perception of dental conditions(p<0.05). 3. As for correlation between dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, mothers who worked, who believed that their children didn't have good dental condition, and who thought that it was necessary to begin to provide dental care in permanent teeth were found to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. Besides, those who failed to confirm teeth-brushing, who used no fluorine, and who failed to observe teeth and gave no instruction in time for teeth-brushing were shown to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. 4. Variables to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth were classified by cavity treatment, mother's employment, time for dental care, and observation of children's teeth. The first node to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was found to be cavity treatment; the next criteria for classification after cavity treatment were shown to be mother's employment and time for dental care. In case of children with no cavity, they were found to be mother's employment and teeth observation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.921-932
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed military personnel survivability in regards to offensive operations according to the scientific military training data of a reinforced infantry battalion. Scientific battle training was conducted at the Korea Combat Training Center (KCTC) training facility and utilized scientific military training equipment that included MILES and the main exercise control system. The training audience freely engaged an OPFOR who is an expert at tactics and weapon systems. It provides a statistical analysis of data in regards to state-of-the-art military training because the scientific battle training system saves and utilizes all training zone data for analysis and after action review as well as offers training control during the training period. The methodologies used the Cox PH modeling (which does not require parametric distribution assumptions) and decision tree modeling for survival data such as CART, GUIDE, and CTREE for richer and easier interpretation. The variables that violate the PH assumption were stratified and analyzed. Since the Cox PH model result was not easy to interpret the period of service, additional interpretation was attempted through univariate local regression. CART, GUIDE, and CTREE formed different tree models which allow for various interpretations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.7-23
• /
• 2005

Molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted to evaluate interspecific relationships in 40 populations of Viola including 35 Korean taxa, four Japanese populations and one outgroup using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. Subsection Trigonocarpae of section Nomimium appeared as the most basal clade within the Korean Viola. Section Dischidium and Chamaemelanium was monophyletidbootstrap 100%) and placed between subsect. Trigonocarpae and three other subsections of sect. Nomimium. Sect. Nomimium was paraphyletic. Although each subsectional grouping was in accordance with previous infrageneric classification based on morphological characters, yet discordance remained at the series level. Two evolutionary trends observed in the ITS tree were as follows. First, subsect. Trigonocarpae(x=10) was derived from the outgroup(x=6); Second, subsects. Bilobatae and Vaginatae(x=10 or 12), and subsect. Patellares(x=12) of sect. Nomimium were originated from sects. Dischidium and Chamaemelanium(x=6). Viola albida complex including three very closely related taxa was recognized as independent group within subsect. Patellares in parsimony tree. This result suggested that they should be treated as a taxa in series Pinnatae. Phylogenetic position of a putative hybrid species, Viola woosanensis was not supported with previous morphological hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.834-841
• /
• 2022

Recently, applying artificial intelligence technologies in various fields of production has drawn an upsurge of research interest due to the increase for smart factory and artificial intelligence technologies. A great deal of effort is being made to introduce artificial intelligence algorithms into the defect detection task. Particularly, detection of defects on the surface of metal has a higher level of research interest compared to other materials (wood, plastics, fibers, etc.). In this paper, we compare and analyze the speed and performance of defect classification by combining machine learning techniques (Support Vector Machine, Softmax Regression, Decision Tree) with dimensionality reduction algorithms (Principal Component Analysis, AutoEncoders) and two convolutional neural networks (proposed method, ResNet). To validate and compare the performance and speed of the algorithms, we have adopted two datasets ((i) public dataset, (ii) actual dataset), and on the basis of the results, the most efficient algorithm is determined.