• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2019

Malocclusion occurs more frequently in Special Health Care Needed (SHCN) patients than those in general. As caregiver's needs for orthodontic treatment tend to increase, the dentist should know how to decide the extent of treatment. This case report is about orthodontic treatment for two SHCN patients; one patient with cerebral palsy, and another patient with autism. A 10-year-old patient with cerebral palsy showed protrusion and rotation of maxillary anterior teeth. To resolve his chief complaints and make better oral hygiene, he underwent orthodontic treatment using micro tube appliances for 6 months. Another 11-year-old patient with autism had anterior crossbite and showed space deficiency of #13 and chronic gingivitis because of poor oral hygiene. She underwent orthodontic treatment with maxillary skeletal expander, facemask and AP expansion appliance. After 18 months we found positive overjet and ended the treatment. When giving SHCNs orthodontic treatment, the extent of treatment can be chosen according to the patient's cooperative ability and the traits of disabilities. Before initiating orthodontic treatment, the caregivers should be aware of their limitations of the treatment. Since oral hygiene is crucial factor in every dental treatment, education of oral hygiene process for the caregivers and SHCN patient must be done before the orthodontic treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.8-26
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• 2022

Objectives: This study is designed to statistically analyze characteristics, treatment effect and prognosis of patients who were treated for the recurrent Bell's palsy Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records and telephone questionnaire of 82 patients treated with the recurrent Bell's palsy at the OO Korean Medicine hospital from August 01, 2018 to July 31, 2021. Results: The lower the EQ-VAS^® and HB scale before and after treatment, the higher the satisfaction with the treatment. The average of the number of days and duration of outpatient treatment for male was longer than that for female. The average number of days and duration of outpatient treatment in the group that received combined treatment was longer than that of patients who received Korean Medicine only. The higher the satisfaction of treatment, the higher the willingness to receive treatment in the event of recurrent facial palsy. HB scale after treatment was the lowest in their 40s, and the average value of HB scale after treatment tended to increase as age increased except for those in their 40s. Conclusion: This study showed that the lower the HB scale after treatment, the lower the EQ-VAS®, the higher the treatment satisfaction, and the higher the probability receiving treatment if the facial paralysis recurs. Those in their 10s to 40s showed excellent results after treatment. Comparatively, those in their 50s and above showed a little effect after treatment. Gender, affected side, history of facial palsy, season of onset, age, hypertension and diabetes had no statistically significance with recurrent Bell's palsy prognosis.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.415-445
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• 2023

Oftentimes, the time dependent treatment covariate and the time dependent confounders exist in observation studies. It is an important problem to correctly adjust for the time dependent confounders in the propensity score analysis. Recently, In the survival data, Hade et al. (2020) used a propensity score matching method to correctly estimate the treatment delay effect when the time dependent confounder affects time to the treatment time, where the treatment delay effects is defined to the delay in treatment reception. In this paper, we proposed the Cox model based marginal structural model (Cox-MSM) framework to estimate the treatment delay effect and conducted extensive simulation studies to compare our proposed Cox-MSM with the propensity score matching method proposed by Hade et al. (2020). Our simulation results showed that the Cox-MSM leads to more exact estimate for the treatment delay effect compared with two sequential matching schemes based on propensity scores. Example from study in treatment discontinuation in conjunction with simulated data illustrates the practical advantages of the proposed Cox-MSM.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare with the effect of acupuncture treatment with or without indirect moxibustion treatment for acute ankle sprain. Methods : This study was carried out on the 48 patients who had been treated for acute ankle sprain from June 1st to November 30th 2009 in the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation, Pohang Oriental Medical Hospital, Daegu Hanny University. The patients were divided into 3 groups ; Group A took near acupuncture point_needling, Group B took remote acupuncture point needling, Group C took remote acupuncture point needling with indirect moxibustion. 3 Groups had been co-treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation(RICE) therapy, physical treatment and administered Ojeok-san(Wuji-san) extract granule. To evaluating the efficiency of each treatment, Ankle-Hindfoot Scale(AHS) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) were applied before treatment and after 3rd treatment. Results : In results, the AHS scores were increased and the VAS scores were decreased after 3rd treatment in all group. Also, AHS scores and the VAS scores of intergroup were showed no significant change. Conclusions : In this study, there is no significant effect between only acupuncture treatment and moxibustion co-treatment for acute ankle sprain.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

Most of disabled people face hardness in caring their general oral hygiene by themselves. So that, they are once involved in dental caries or periodontal disease, they have much bigger chance of aggressive progress. Therefore preventive dentistry is more important to disabled one than non-disabled. They need to be checked with routine periodic dental examination and by that, oral disease must be found at initial stage. We selected 37 patients from newly visited 237 patients who had dental treatment at the free dental clinic, Gangnam district, Seoul, between 2000 and 2001. This study is a comparative evaluation of first 2 years' treatment records of selected 37 patients (male 28, female 9) with that of their last 2 years. 24 of 37 have mental retardation, 9 have autistic disorder, 2 have auditory disorder, 1 has brain disorder and 1 has crippled disorder. Their dental treatment records categorized by 4 level; score 4 stands for endodontic treatment, score 3 stands for general conservative treatment, score 2 stands for preventive treatment, such as sealant and score 1 stands for routine check. In first 2 years of treatment, average score was 2.85 which score means approximately general conservative treatment. And that of last 2 years was 1.44, which means routine check. In early time of their visit, they will receive the treatment due to their chief complaint. And after that early time, they can have a routine check so that they can be treated before the disease get worse. The patient's oral health can remain decent only by a simple treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.591-602
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on physical properties of 0.016' and 0.016' x 0.022' stainless steel wires. Temperature of heat treatment had intervals of $50^{\circ}C$ from $400^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$, and time of heat treatment were 3, 6 and 9 minutes. Tensile tests were measured by ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Bending tests were assessed by maximum bending force, recovery force, and stiffness. Torsion test was evaluated by torsion cycle until wires were fractured. The results were as follows: 1. In round wires, the highest value of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were recorded of heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$. In rectangular wires, the highest value of ultimate tensile strength were after 9 minutes at $400^{\circ}C,\;450^{\circ}C$ and 3, 6 minutes of heat treatment at $50^{\circ}C$, yield strength were the highest value after 3, 6 minutes of heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$. 2. In both round and rectangular wires, maximum bending force and recovery force were the highest values after 6 minutes of heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$. In round wires, highest value of stiffness were formed after 9 minutes at heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$. In rectangular wires, the highest value of stiffness were for 6 minutes in $500^{\circ}C$. 3. In rectangular wires, torsion cycle was minimum after 6 minutes of heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$. 4. In all of tension, bending, and torsion tests, the heat treated wires were softened over at $700^{\circ}C$. 5. In all of tension, bending, and torsion tests, physical properties of the wires were more influenced by the temperatures than the duration of the heat treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.401-413
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the occlusal outcome and duration of fixed orthodontic therapy from clinical trials in humans with the Objective Grading System (OGS) proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics. Methods: Nine databases were searched up to October 2016 for prospective/retrospective clinical trials assessing the outcomes of orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, random-effects meta-analyses of the mean OGS score and treatment duration were performed and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 34 relevant clinical trials including 6,207 patients (40% male, 60% female; average age, 18.4 years) were identified. The average OGS score after treatment was 27.9 points (95% CI, 25.3-30.6 points), while the average treatment duration was 24.9 months (95% CI, 24.6-25.1 months). There was no significant association between occlusal outcome and treatment duration, while considerable heterogeneity was identified. In addition, orthodontic treatment involving extraction of four premolars appeared to have an important effect on both outcomes and duration of treatment. Finally, only 10 (39%) of the identified studies matched compared groups by initial malocclusion severity, although meta-epidemiological evidence suggested that matching may have significantly influenced their results. Conclusions: The findings from this systematic review suggest that the occlusal outcomes of fixed appliance treatment vary considerably, with no significant association between treatment outcomes and duration. Prospective matched clinical studies that use the OGS tool are needed to compare the effectiveness of orthodontic appliances.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drinking water containing trimethyl glycine or ascorbic acid on growth performance and blood parameter profiles of duck exposed to scorching heat stress. A total of 480 ducks were randomly assigned to the following eight experiment groups for 42 days : control group C with general water, treatment group 1 (T1) with drinking water containing 100 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 2 (T2) with drinking water containing 200 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 3 (T3) with drinking water containing 300 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 4 (T4) with drinking water containing 400 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 5 (T5) with drinking water containing 800 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 6 (T6) with drinking water containing 1,200 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 7 (T7) with electrolytes of KCl (0.5%) + $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%)+NaCl (0.5%). Our results revealed that the body weights and feed intakes of treatment groups, especially T3 and T6, were increased compared to the control group, where as the feed conversion ratios of treatment groups were decreased (p<0.05). Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, AST, ALT and pH in treatment groups were lower compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Blood levels of red blood cell, platelets profiles, electrolyte and gas in treatment groups were higher compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Brain metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, and the treatment remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed cases of brain metastasis from well differentiated thyroid carcinoma to determine optimal treatment. Material and Methods: From March 1986 to May 2003, we experienced 13 cases of brain metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. There were 6 men and 7 women with a mean age of 62.3 years. The time interval detecting the brain metastasis, treatment methods, outcomes, and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: In 11 patients, brain metastasis was found at a mean of 96 months after thyroid surgery (range, 1-204months). In 1 patient, brain metastasis was found simultaneously with the thyroid cancer. In the remaining one, brain metastasis was presented as the first sign. Treatment included gamma knife therapy in 2, external radiation therapy (ExRT) in 2, resection and ExRT in 2, gamma knife therapy and ExRT in 2 and intracranial holmium injection in 1. Three patients received no treatment. The mean survival was 20.5months (1-119 months). Only 2 patients with early detection remained alive after treatment (23months and 119months). The age, sex, primary tumor size, combined organs of distant metastasis and treatment methods did not affect the prognosis. There were noticeable symptomatic improvements in patients who received any kind of treatment for brain metastasis. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of brain metastasis appears to bring symptomatic relief and improve survival. Therefore, early screening for brain metastasis is recommended for patients with symptoms. However, further study is needed to determine the optimal method of treatment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 2011

Laser surface hardening process is the method of hardening surface by inducing rapid self quenching of laser injected area through transfer of surface heat to inside after rapid heating of laser injected area only by high density energy heat source. This surface treatment method does not involve virtually any thermal deformation by heat treatment nor accompanies any other process after surface hardening treatment. In addition, allowing local machining, this method is a surface treatment method suitable for die with complicated shape. In this study, die material cast iron was surface-treated by using high power diode laser with beam profile suitable for heat treatment. Since the shapes of die differ by press die process, specimens were heat-treated separately on plane and corner depending on the applied parts. At this time, corner heat treatment was done with optic head inclined at $10^{\circ}$. As a result, corner heat treatment easily involves concentration of heat input due to limitation of heat transfer route by the shapes compared with plane part, so the treatment accomplished hardening at faster conveying speed than plane heat treatment.