• 노동경제논집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.35-86
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• 2020

본 논문은 결혼과 출산이 여성의 노동시장 성과와 생활만족도에 미치는 효과를 추정하고자 한다. 결혼 여부와 시점의 내생성 문제를 해결하기 위해 이중차분-사건사 방법을 사용하였고, 결과의 강건성을 확보하기 위해 4개의 비교집단을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 결혼한 해에 고용확률이 약 12%p 떨어지며 결혼 6년 차에 이르면 미혼시절보다 약 46%p 낮은 고용률이 나타났다. 고용확률의 감소로 인해 근로소득 역시 결혼 이후 지속적으로 감소하는 것을 발견하였다. 반면에 주관적인 생활만족도는 중기적으로는 다소 감소하는 추세를 보이지만 남녀 모두 결혼 이후에 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 가족 및 친인척 관계와 사회적 친분에 대한 만족도는 남녀 모두 결혼 이후 유의하게 높아졌다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

Following the first successful trial of surfactant replacement therapy for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by Fujiwara in 1980, several animal-derived natural surfactants and synthetic surfactants have been developed. Synthetic surfactants were designed to overcome limitations of natural surfactants such as cost, immune reactions, and infections elicited by animal proteins contained in natural surfactants. However, first-generation synthetic surfactants that are protein-free have failed to prove their superiority over natural surfactants because they lack surfactant protein (SP). Lucinactant, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing the SP-B analog, was better or at least as effective as the natural surfactant, suggesting that lucinactant could act an alternative to natural surfactants. Lucinactant was approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2012 as the fifth surfactant to treat neonatal RDS. CHF5633, a second-generation synthetic surfactant containing SP-B and SP-C analogs, was effective and safe in a human multicenter cohort study for preterm infants. Many comparative studies of natural surfactants used worldwide have reported different efficacies for different preparations. However, these differences are believed to due to site variations, not actual differences. The more important thing than the composition of the surfactant in improving outcome is the timing and mode of administration of the surfactant. Novel synthetic surfactants containing synthetic phospholipid incorporated with SP-B and SP-C analogs will potentially represent alternatives to natural surfactants in the future, while improvement of treatment modalities with less-invasive or noninvasive methods of surfactant administration will be the most important task to be resolved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

Lung transplantation is considered a viable treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Recent decades have seen a gradual increase in the number of lung transplantation patients worldwide, and in South Korea, the case number has increased at least 3-fold during the last decade. Furthermore, the waiting list time is becoming longer, and more elderly patients (>65 years) are undergoing lung transplantation; that is, the patients placed on the waiting list are older and sicker than in the past. Hence, proper management during the pre-transplantation period, as well as careful selection of candidates, is a key factor for transplant success and patient survival. Although referring and transplant centers should address many issues, the main areas of focus should be the timing of referral, nutrition, pulmonary rehabilitation, critical care (including mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), psychological support, and the management of preexisting comorbid conditions (coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, osteoporosis, malignancy, viral infections, and chronic infections). In this context, the present article reviews and summarizes the pre-transplantation management strategies for adult patients listed for lung transplantation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2022

Background: Mixed breeding herb Viola collina Besser, which produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower, has limited habitats under closed canopy and short and early flowering timing, making it relatively more vulnerable to climate change. To better understand the effect of light and nutrient on the flower formation and vegetative growth of V. collina, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Two-by-two factorial treatments of two light conditions (100% and 60% of natural light) and two fertilizer treatment conditions (fertilized and not fertilized) were applied in the mesocosm experiment. Results: The number of flowers, including chamogamous and cleistogamous flowers, was highest (5.65/pot) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.41/pot) under 100% light and not-fertilized condition. However, above ground vegetative growth was highest (2.89 g/pot) under 100% light and fertilized condition and lowest (2.38 g/pot) under 60% light and not-fertilized condition. Above ground biomass to belowground biomass ratio was highest (1.50) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.26) under 100% light and fertilized condition. Conclusions: This study showed that high light and nutrient are responsible for the vegetative growth, though the effect of fertilizer was reduced due to allocation and retainment of nutrients. In addition, the low light is necessary to make flowers, especially chasmogamous flowers.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

Korea's Corona 19(COVID-19) quarantine, referred to as 'K-Quarantine', is a globally recognized quarantine system that has achieved both conflicting goals: health and economy. The quarantine system represented by 3T(Test-Trace-Treat) is not a method of blocking an area, but a method of screening and treating infected and non-infected persons. The screening center, one of the key elements of this screening treatment system, has evolved to suit the timing and situation of COVID-19, and has succeeded in initial response by conducting large-scale tests quickly and safely. By analyzing the evolution of screening centers that produced such significant results from a problem-solving point of view, it proved its meaning as a practical success case of creative problem-solving. In addition, the usefulness of TRIZ (Russian abbreviation of Theory of Solving Inventive Problem), a creative problem-solving theory, was confirmed through an analysis of actual verified cases of COVID-19 response. TRIZ is a problem-solving theory created by analyzing the regularity of invention patents, and is widely used not only in the technical field but also in the non-technical fields such as design, management, and education. The results of this study are expected to provide useful meaning and practical examples to researchers interested in system analysis and TRIZ application from a problem-solving perspective.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2023

Estrogen is crucial in regulating food intake, energy expenditure, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. During menopause, the decline in estrogen levels predisposes women to weight gain, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevents weight gain, improves lipid metabolism by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and delays the onset of type 2 diabetes in menopausal women. The effect of MHT on CVD in menopausal women remains controversial. The Women's Health Initiative study was terminated prematurely after it revealed that hormone administration increased the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and thromboembolism. However, some studies have found that MHT had no effect or decreased the risk of CVD. The inconsistent results were likely due to multiple factors, including the timing of hormone therapy initiation, duration of therapy, type and dosage, and presence or absence of CVD risk factors at the start of treatment. Despite its benefits in terms of managing weight gain and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and CVD associated with obesity, it is not recommended as the primary therapy for weight loss or diabetes prevention. MHT is primarily indicated for postmenopausal women, who are likely to benefit from its potential to prevent weight gain and improve lipid metabolism.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2024

The prevalence of intrabony defects in patients with advanced periodontitis stages III and IV is high. These patients usually need both periodontal treatment and orthodontic therapy, including tooth movement through bone defects, to improve masticatory function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodontal regenerative surgical interventions to resolve these defects and propose initiating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) once periodontal therapy goals have been met. Surgical interventions using various regenerative technologies like barrier membranes and enamel matrix proteins, combined or not with bone replacement grafts, have proven effective in regenerating lost periodontal tissues. However, the combination of periodontal and orthodontic treatments requires consideration of how periodontal regenerative therapies influence OTM. Studies suggest that regenerated bone may differ in density, composition, vascularity, and cellular activity, potentially affecting the speed and efficiency of OTM, and potential root resorption of moved teeth. Understanding the sequence and timing of implementing OTM after regenerative periodontal interventions is crucial due to their interlinked processes of bone resorption and formation. This narrative review aims to uncover scientific evidence regarding these combined treatments, examining the impacts of different regenerative technologies on OTM and delineating their advantages, limitations, and best practices.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2024

Microalgae are aquatic microorganisms capable of photosynthetic growth using water, carbon dioxide and sunlight, and can replace petroleum for transportation. It is receiving great attention as a potential next-generation biological resource. The microalgae biodiesel production process is largely based on the development of highly efficient strains and mass production. It consists of cultivation, harvesting, oil extraction, fuel conversion and by-product utilization. Currently, microalgae diesel is 3-5 times more expensive than petroleum diesel. However, with the optimization of each element technology and the development of integrated systems, not only biofuels, but also industrial materials, wastewater treatment, and greenhouse gases As application expands to various fields such as abatement, the timing of commercialization may be brought forward. Oil prices have recently fallen due to the influence of sail gas. Although there has been a significant drop, global warming is an urgent challenge for current and future generations. In particular, Korea, which does not have oil resources, We must always prepare for political environmental changes, high oil prices, and energy crises. In this paper, the need for eco-friendly biofuel for carbon dioxide conversion. In addition to research trends, domestic and international research trends, and economic prospects, the concept of microalgae and the element technologies of the biodiesel production process are briefly discussed introduced.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.645-660
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to make and ascertain a decision making process on the base of patient-oriented utilitarianism in the treatment of patients of chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty subjects were chosen in Yonsei Dental hospital and the other fifty were chosen in Severance dental hospital according to the selection criteria. Fifty four patients agreed in this study. NS group(N=32) was treated with scaling and root planing without any surgical intervention, the other S group(N=22) done with flap operation. During the active treatment and healing time, all patients of both groups were educated about the importance of oral hygiene and controlled every visit to the hospital. When periodontal treatment needed according to the diagnostic results, some patients were subjected to professional tooth cleaning and scaling once every 3 months according to an individually designed oral hygienic protocol. Probing depth was recorded on baseline and 18 months after treatments. A questionnaire composed of 6 kinds(hygienic easiness, hypersensitivity, post treatment comfort, complication, functional comfort, compliance) of questions was delivered to each patient to obtain the subjective evaluation regarding the results of therapy. The decision tree for the treatment of adult periodontal disease was made on the result of 2 kinds of periodontal treatment and patient's ubjective evaluation. The optimal path was calculated by using the success rate of the results as the probability and utility according to relative value and the economic value in the insurance system. The success rate to achieve the diagnostic goal of periodontal treatment as the remaining pocket depth less than 3mm and without BOP was $0.83{\pm}0.12$ by non surgical treatment and $0.82{\pm}0.14$ by surgical treatment without any statistically significant difference. The moderate success rate of more than 4mm probing pocket depth were 0.17 together. The utilities of non-surgical treatment results were 100 for a result with less than 3mm probing pocket depth, 80 for the other results with more than 4mm probing pocket depth, 0 for the extraction. Those of surgical treatment results were the same except 75 for the results with more than 4mm. The pooling results of subjective evaluation by using a questionnaire were 60% for satisfaction level and 40% for no satisfaction level in the patient group receiving nonsurgical treatment and 33% and 67% in the other group receiving surgical treatment. The utilities for 4 satisfaction levels were 100, 75, 60, 50 on the base of that the patient would express the satisfaction level with normal distribution. The optimal path of periodontal treatment was rolled back by timing the utility on terminal node and the success rate, the distributed ratio of patient's satisfaction level. Both results of the calculation was non surgical treatment. Therefore, it can be said that non-surgical treatment may be the optimal path for this decision tree of treatment protocol if the goal of the periodontal treatment is to achieve the remaining probing pocket depth of less than 3mm for adult chronic periodontitis and if the utilitarian philosophy to maximise the expected utility for the patients is advocated.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.929-933
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• 2012

This study was done to examine the prognosis according to onset and duration of treatment in acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients. We analysed NIHSS(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score of acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients who visited department of Internal Korean Medicine, one medical center in Busan from January to December 2009. We divided patients into two groups by the initial time of treatment. Group A is admitted within 7 days, Group B is admitted from 7 to 14 days. We used NIHSS for functional recovery after 3 weeks later from admission day, and analyzed prognostic factor by analysis of covariance. All patients showed statistically significant improvement after 1week, 2weeks, 3weeks from admission, and between 1st week and 2nd week. However, there was no significant difference between 2nd week and 3rd week. NIHSS recovery score after 3weeks were analysed according to the timing of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. The percentage of aggravated patients showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study suggests that earlier admission care has an effect on functional recovery of patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction. Further research on the large scale and long-term follow up is required.