• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1984

The effects of progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) on the fertility levels in dairy cows were studied in 2 experiments. In experiment I, 70 lactating cows at 45 days postpartum were allotted to 3 groups and the treatments imposed were either： 1: Untreated control, 2: PRID with a capsule containing long of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) attached, inserted for 12 days, 3: PRID inserted for 12 days with long of prostaglandin F$\_$2${\alpha}$/ administration 24 h before PRID removal. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus during the subsequent 48-day period. The control group was inseminated at an observed oestrus during this 60-day period. In experiment II, 60 ovarian disorder cows were divided into 5 groups and PRID+ODB inserted for 12 days. 1: atrophied ovary, 2: smooth ovary, 3: persistent corpus luteum, 4: follicular cyst, 5: luteal cyst. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus over a period from the first insemination to 46 days. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The device produced a vaginal discharge in some animals. In experimenet I : 2. For treatments 2 and 3, respectively, conception rates to the fixed time insemination were 45% and 52%. 3. The conception rates of cows inseminated to the fixed time insemination and at an observed oestrus during a 60-day period were 65%, 86% and 91% for control, treatment 2 and 3, respectively. 4. Mean interval from calving to conception and inseminations per conception were 133, 91 and 86 days and 2.4, 2.1 and 1.9 for control, treatments 2 and 3, respectively. In experiment II； 5. The conception rates to the fixed time insemination for each group 20, 50, 70, 20 and 50%, respectively. 6. The total conception rates for the 48 days period of each group were 60, 70, 100, 60 and 90%, respectively. 7. The inseminations per conception of each group were 2.8, 2.1, 1.4, 2.7 and 1.9, respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

$Ni(OH)_2$ hollow spheres have been prepared by solvent displacement crystallization using a micro-injection device, and the effect of process parameters such as concentration and the relative ratio of the injection speed of the precursor solution, which is an aqueous solution of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$, to isopropyl alcohol of displacement solvent have been investigated. The crystal phases after NaOH treatment are in the ${\beta}-phase$ for all process parameters. A higher concentration of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ aqueous solution is injected by a micro-injection device and bigger $Ni(OH)_2$ hollow spheres with a narrower particle size distribution are formed. The crystallinity and hardness of the as-obtained powder are so poor that hydrothermal treatment of the as-obtained $Ni(OH)_2$ at $120^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in distilled water is performed in order to greatly improve the crystallinity. It is thought that a relative ratio of the injection speed of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ to that of isopropyl alcohol of at least more than 1 is preferable to synthesize Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres. It is confirmed that this solution-based process is very effective in synthesizing ceramic hollow spheres by simple adjustment of the process parameters such as the concentration and the injection speed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.561-581
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• 2017

Bayesian statistics can play a key role in the design and analysis of clinical trials and this has been demonstrated for medical device trials. By 1995 Bayesian statistics had been well developed and the revolution in computing powers and Markov chain Monte Carlo development made calculation of posterior distributions within computational reach. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiative of Bayesian statistics in medical device clinical trials, which began almost 20 years ago, is reviewed in detail along with some of the key decisions that were made along the way. Both Bayesian hierarchical modeling using data from previous studies and Bayesian adaptive designs, usually with a non-informative prior, are discussed. The leveraging of prior study data has been accomplished through Bayesian hierarchical modeling. An enormous advantage of Bayesian adaptive designs is achieved when it is accompanied by modeling of the primary endpoint to produce the predictive posterior distribution. Simulations are crucial to providing the operating characteristics of the Bayesian design, especially for a complex adaptive design. The 2010 FDA Bayesian guidance for medical device trials addressed both approaches as well as exchangeability, Type I error, and sample size. Treatment response adaptive randomization using the famous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation example is discussed. An interesting real example of a Bayesian analysis using a failed trial with an interesting subgroup as prior information is presented. The implications of the likelihood principle are considered. A recent exciting area using Bayesian hierarchical modeling has been the pediatric extrapolation using adult data in clinical trials. Historical control information from previous trials is an underused area that lends itself easily to Bayesian methods. The future including recent trends, decision theoretic trials, Bayesian benefit-risk, virtual patients, and the appalling lack of penetration of Bayesian clinical trials in the medical literature are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personal exposure to $PM_{10}$ by body parts for the development of dust monitoring wearable device for swine farmers. Methods: Tasks were classified by using motion pictures taken by action cameras attached to swine farmers. Concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were measured by attaching direct-reading instruments at the head, neck and waist of worker. Differences of $PM_{10}$ exposure between body parts were analyzed with linear regression. Results: We identified three tasks(vaccination, moving pigs, and manure treatment). $PM_{10}$ concentration during vaccination was the highest among the tasks, and the body part showing the highest concentration of $PM_{10}$ was the waist regardless of task. In all tasks, the closer distance between the body parts, the higher were the R-squared values(vaccination 0.4221, moving pigs 0.6990, and manure treatment 0.2164). Conclusions: We presumed that $PM_{10}$ concentrations were affected by the parts of the body in which they were measured. In order to develop swine farmer's wearable device for monitoring dust concentration in air, the determination of the positions of monitoring sensor to ensure accurate measurement is essential. Considering the results of this study, wearable sensor should be positioned at the waist.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2016

This study was performed to improve the foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant from March 2015 to July 2016. The main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. Particularly, the foam growth was most active when there is low tide and larger discharge. To solve this problem, we experimented after installing fine mesh screen and the artificial channel device with underwater discharging outlet in the treated wastewater discharge channel and the outlet, respectively. As a result, the effects of foam reduction by devices ranged 85.0~92.0% and 70.7~85.6%, respectively. In addition, the foam and the noise were easily solved, first of all look to contribute to the prevention of complaints. Our device studies were applied to a single wastewater treatment plant. However, it is considered to be able to apply in other similar cases of domestic sewage treatment plants.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to estimate the effect of mandibular advancement device (MAD) and to evaluate the influence of the advancement amount of mandible in the application of MAD for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: From the patients who were diagnosed as OSA by polysomnographic study at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January 2007 to February 2009, the patients who chose MAD as treatment option were included in this study. All the patients’ data including clinical records and polysomnographic studies (both pre- and post-treatment) were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Successful results were obtained in 65 patients of 86 patients (75.6%). In the follow-up period, mild discomfort of anterior teeth or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were described in 28 patients, especially in the cases the amount of mandibular advancement were more than 7.0 mm. There was no direct relationship between the amount of mandibular advancement and clinical outcome. Conclusion: MAD was effective treatment option for the OSA patients regardless of severity. For the prevention of potential dental complications, the amount of mandibular advancement should be considered at the time of MAD treatment.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

Individuals often report significant relief from pain and stress even after a single session of massage therapy; however, no previous studies have provided objective evidence supporting the effectiveness of a solitary massage therapy session. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of one-time treatment with a spinal thermal massage device reported to exert the same therapeutic effects as massage therapy in terms of pain reduction and stress relief. A man with chronic low back pain (LBP) underwent two rounds of experiments involving spinal massage treatment and bed rest, respectively. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, and heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in real-time to examine autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Blood samples were obtained at five points during each round of the experiment to examine changes in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Spinal massage significantly reduced pain and enhanced parasympathetic activity when compared with the bed rest condition. In addition, both epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were lower following spinal massage than following bed rest. These results are consistent with the reported effects of conventional massage therapy and support the effectiveness of one-time treatment using a spinal thermal massage device.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

In this study, for the safe use of a portable ultrasonic skin-beauty device, an android app was developed to show the irradiation locations of focused ultrasound to a user through augmented reality (AR) and enable stable self-surgery. The utility of the app was assessed through testing. While the user is making a facial treatment with the beauty device, the user's face and the ultrasonic irradiation location on the face are detected in real-time with a smart-phone camera. The irradiation location is then indicated on the face image and shown to the user so that excessive ultrasound is not irradiated to the same area during treatment. To this end, ML-Kit is used to detect the user's face landmarks in real-time, and they are compared with a reference face model to estimate the pose of the face, such as rotation and movement. After mounting a LED on the ultrasonic irradiation part of the device and operating the LED during irradiation, the LED light was searched to find the position of the ultrasonic irradiation on the smart-phone screen, and the irradiation position was registered and displayed on the face image based on the estimated face pose. Each task performed in the app was implemented through the thread and the timer, and all tasks were executed within 75 ms. The test results showed that the time taken to register and display 120 ultrasound irradiation positions was less than 25ms, and the display accuracy was within 20mm when the face did not rotate significantly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

Angiogenesis is essential for the pathophysiological processes of embryogenesis, tissue growth, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of angiogenic diseases such as cancer. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis is also necessary for tumor development and metastasis. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, cause robust and rapid changes in blood vessels of tumors and therefore VEGF constitutes a target for such anti-angiogenic therapy. Recently, since natural compounds pose significantly less risk of deleterious side effects than synthetic compounds, a great many natural resources have been assessed for useful substance for anti-angiogenic treatment. Here we evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of a hot water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBHWE) using in vitro assays and ex vivo animal experiments. Our results show that SBHWE dose-dependently abrogated vascular endothelial responses by inhibiting VEGF-stimulated migration and invasion as well as tube formation in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, without cytotoxicity, as determined by a cell viability assay. Further study revealed that SBHWE prevented VEGF-induced neo-vascularization in a rat aortic ring sprouting model. Taken together, our findings reveal an anti-angiogenic activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and suggest that SBHWE is a novel candidate inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Purpose : New therapy technique appeared in 3D-CRT or IMRT according to a radiation treatment developing and worked. Such treatment technique requires the radiation irradiation of many direction. It has many restriction at radiation irradiation of many direction to the linear acceleration deception of now actually. Consequently We make new fix device and measure consequently the improvement of the activate range. Method and Material : We upload the fix device on a linear accelerator Couch. We fixed Gantry at 45, 90, 135 and Couch is spin and measure the clearance of the equipment. Couch is fixed at 0 45 90 and measures the clearance of Gantry. We upload the Extended head holder(EHH) on a linear accelerator Couch. and We measure with the experiment of the front. Result : The action range did not have big difference to increase Gantry45. but The activate range of Couch increases the angle in Gantry 90 and Gantry 135 when it uses EHH. The activate range of Gantry increases the angle in Couch 45 when it uses EHH. We showed good activate situation all in Couch 0 and Couch 90. The utility of EHH could keep a behind radiation diminution. Conclusion : The radiation irradiation of many direction comes to be possible the utility of the fix instrument(EHH). The safety space between the patient and equipment or between equipment and equipment increased the utility of the fix device. Also, The manufacture is possible imports to rather cheap price. and We could bring the frugality of the treatment expendable supplies.