• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.398-405
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• 2016

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A 환원효소의 억제제로 알려진 statin은 고지혈증 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있고, 또한 다양한 암에서 항암효과를 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에서는 reactive oxygen species (ROS)가 세포사멸 신호에 중요한 역할을 한다고 보고하였지만, rosuvastatin에 의한 ROS 생성의 정확한 기전은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 인간 전립선암 세포주인 PC-3 세포를 이용하여 rosuvastatin에 의한 세포사멸 경로를 확인하였다. 세포독성, 세포사멸과 ROS의 생성을 측정하기 위해서 MTT assay, annexin V/PI 염색과 DCFH-DA염색을 통해 flow cytometry에 의해 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서, rosuvastatin은 농도와 시간 의존적으로 세포 생존율 감소와 세포형태변화를 확인할 수 있었다. Flow cytometry 분석을 통해 세포주기와 apoptosis를 확인하였고 Western blotting assay를 통하여 PARP와 procaspase-3가 감소되는 것을 통해 apoptosis를 재확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 rosuvastatin은 농도 의존적으로 ROS 생산을 증가하였고, ROS 생성 저해제인 N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 처리를 통해 ROS와 apoptosis가 회복되었다. 따라서 rosuvastatin이 ROS 생성을 통해 apoptosis를 유도한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이는 인간 전립선 암세포에 대한 항암치료제로서의 가능성을 제시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.2081-2086
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• 2015

Gecko is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with remarkable antineoplastic activity. However, undefined mechanisms and ambiguity regarding active ingredients limit new drug development from gecko. This study was conducted to assess anti-angiogenic properties of the aqueous extracts of fresh gecko (AG) or macromolecular components separated from AG (M-AG). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach was applied to detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of the tumor cells treated with AG or M-AG. The effect of AG or M-AG on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migratory ability was analyzed by tetrazolium dye colorimetric method, transwell and wound-healing assays. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays were used to ensure the anti-angiogenic activity of M-AG in vivo. The results showed that AG or M-AG inhibited the VEGF secretion of tumor cells, the relative inhibition rates of AG and M-AG being 27.2% and 53.2% respectively at a concentration of $20{\mu}L/mL$. AG and M-AG inhibited the vascular endothelial (VE) cell proliferation with IC50 values of $11.5{\pm}0.5{\mu}L/mL$ and $12.9{\pm}0.4{\mu}L/mL$ respectively. The VE cell migration potential was inhibited significantly (p<0.01) by the AG (${\geq}24{\mu}L/mL$) or M-AG (${\geq}12\mu}L/mL$) treatment. In vivo, neovascularization of CAM treated with M-AG was inhibited significantly (p<0.05) at a concentration of ${\geq}0.4{\mu}L/mL$. This study provided evidence that anti-angiogenesis is one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of AG and M-AG, with the latter as a promising active component.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2015

최근들어, 확률론적 최적제어(stochastic optimal control) 및 강화학습(reinforcement learning) 분야에서는 데이터를 활용하여 준최적 제어 전략을 찾는 문제를 위한 많은 연구 노력이 있어 왔다. 가치함수(value function) 기반 동적 계획법(dynamic programming)으로 최적제어기를 구하는 고전적인 이론은 확률론적 최적 제어 문제를 풀기위해 확고한 이론적 근거 아래 확립된바 있다. 하지만, 이러한 고전적 이론은 매우 간단한 경우에만 성공적으로 적용될 수 있다. 그러므로, 엄밀한 수학적 분석 대신에 상태 전이 및 보상 신호 값 등의 관련 데이터를 활용하여 준최적해를 구하고자 하는 데이터 기반 현대적 접근 방법들은 실용적인 응용분야에서 특히 매력적이다. 본 논문에서는 확률론적 최적제어 전략과 근사적 추론 및 기계학습 기반 데이터 처리 방법을 접목하는 방법론들을 고려한다. 그리고 이러한 고려를 통하여 얻어진 방법론들을 금융공학을 포함한 다양한 응용 분야에 적용하고 그들의 성능을 관찰해보도록 한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2017

Weaning is the most stressful event for nursery pigs because they are moved from familiar to unfamiliar environments. In addition, weaned pigs have immature digestive and immune systems. This situation makes weaned pigs susceptible to diseases and makes the absorption of nutrients from diets difficult. A feed approach, such as dietary enzyme supplementation, can be considered a solution. This study investigated the effects of dietary enzyme cocktail on diarrhea and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs ($5.92{\pm}0.48kg\;BW$; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.05% enzyme cocktail (Cocktail; combination of xylanase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, protease, ${\beta}-glucanase$, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Incidence of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) count, and immunoglobulin content were measured. A significantly lower incidence of diarrhea (p < 0.05) was observed in the Cocktail group as compared with the CON group. The Cocktail group also showed a decreased PCV (p < 0.1) on d 3 after weaning than the CON group. However, no differences were observed for number of WBC and contents of immunoglobulin G, M, and A between the Cocktail and CON groups. Consequently, inclusion of an enzyme cocktail in diets for weaned pigs had a positive influence on gut health by reducing the incidence of diarrhea in the present study.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.496-523
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• 2018

본 연구의 목표는 톱밥의 건조, 급속열분해, 바이오오일 응축, 바이오오일 수첨개질, 전기생산, 폐수처리를 포함하는 2개의 바이오오일 생산공정들에 대한 경제적 타당성을 평가하는 것이다. 첫번째 공정은 수소생산을 위한 steam-methane reforming (SMR)을 포함하는 바이오오일 생산공정이다(Case 1). 두번째 공정은 SMR을 포함하지 않고 수소를 외부로부터 공급받아 수첨개질을 수행하는 바이오오일 생산공정이다(Case 2). 상용공정모사기인 ASPEN Plus를 이용하여 이두 공정에 대한 공정흐름도를 구축하였고, 물질 및 에너지 수지식을 계산하였다. 원료로서 40%의 수분을 포함하는 톱밥 100 t/d, 30% 자기자본비율, 자기자본에 상응하는 자본지출, 수소 구입가 $1,050/ton, 완전건조된 원료대비 수송용 연료 수율 20% (Case 1) 및 25% (Case 2) 로 가정하고, 4단계 경제성 분석기법인 4-level EP를 사용하여 기술경제성 분석을 수행하였다. 총투자비(TCI), 총생산비(TPC), 연간판매금액(ASR), 그리고 개질 바이오오일의 최소판매가격(MFSP)은 Case 1에 대하여 $22.2 million, $3.98 million/yr, $4.64 million/yr, 그리고 $1.56/l 이고, Case 2에 대하여 $16.1 million, $5.20 million/yr, $5.55 million/yr, $1.18/l로 산출되었다. 수소를 직접 생산하는 Case 1과 수소를 외부로 부터 공급받는 Case 2의 투자회수율(ROI)와 투자회수기간(PBP)은 큰 차이를 보여주지 않았고, Case 1과 Case 2의 원료 공급량을 1,500 t/d로 증가할 경우, ROI는 15% 이상으로 향상될 것으로 예상되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.820-832
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• 1996

The average smoking rate for Adults' in our country is 40.6% : It is 74.2% for men and 5.0% for women. Particularly, the smoking rate for men is reported higher than that of men in U.S.A. or Japan. Since the first report on the association between smoking and cancer appeared, 370 thousand smokers have succeeded in smoking cessation and over 90% of them have responded that they depended on a self-help smoking cessation approach. Despite this positive evidence about self- help approaches for smoking cessation, most studies on smoking cessation have focused on evaluation of formal treatment programs that are provided by clinics. Reports on the smoking cessation process used by smokers in our country could not be found. However, it is believed that the situation in our country would be quite similar to that in U.S.A. as far as approaches to successful smoking cessation are concerned. This study was conducted to classify the smoking stage to which they smoker belong and which changing mechanisms could be included at each changing stage (precontemplation stage, comtemplation stage, action stage) with a sample of 155 college students between 20 and 29 years old. And it also identified which variables related both to smoking pattern and to health, which ones were significantly discriminating in the changing stages. From the results of the data analysis it was found that Self-Determination is the most influential variable as one of the changning mechanisms which can discriminate three changing stages. And as the next significant mechanisms were Reinforcement, Dramatic Relief, Cognitive Restructuring, Helping Relationship, and Information Management in that order. Among variables related to the smoking pattern, years of regular smoking, whether smoking is continued or not even when they are sick, the number of attempts to stop smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they have smoked over 100 cigarettes up to now, but not the time of the first cigarette after waking-up, were the significant factors to descriminate changing stages. It was confirmed that among variables related to health that, perceived control for health, confidence of health maintence ability, and self confidence in smoking cessation, were significant variables in determinating changing stages. The most influential variables among them was self-confidence in smoking cessation. Conclusively, it was shown that smoking cessation is the process of attempting to change smoking habits through the various changing processes. Also it can be shown that a few factors smoking habit, self-confidence of smoking cessation, and belief in self control of his /her health, were influential in discriminating the changing stages of the smoking habit.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2008

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins(oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins(polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins($\beta$-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease-like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, playa role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

The aim of treatment of cleft lip and palate is to correct the cleft and associated problems surgically and thus hide the anomaly so that patients can lead normal lives. This correction involves surgically producing a face that does not attract attention, a vocal apparatus that permits intelligible speech, and a dentition that allows optimal function and esthetics. In neonatal periods, gross distortion of tissues surrounding the cleft requires considerable effort and time due to post operative functional defect and scarring and induces milk feeding problem, malocclusion of deciduous or permanent dentition, congenital missing teeth, skeletal dysplasia. The occurrence of a cleft deformity is a source of considerable shock to the parents of an afflicted baby, and the most appropriate approach is very important things. Thus we tried to analysis of dental arch, shape and size of deformity in cleft patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. When the cast measurements of UCLP subjects at first visit it was found that the mean length was 9.29mm at the alveolar cleft width, also that was 11.7mm at the anterior width and 14mm at the posterior cleft width. 2. Comparison of UCLP group at first visit and just lip surgery, it was found that the older group showed a insignificant reduction in the width of the cleft in the alveolar, canine, and tuberosity regions. 3. The maxillary casts of the UCLP group at 6 months differ Significantly from those of the at 3 months in both length and width. but there was no statistical difference except anterior ridge length of nonclefted site. 4. Comparison at 6 months and 18 months, there was a greater change in length of the alveolar cleft width, intercanine width, and anterior cleft width. Maxillary arch became wider at both the canine region and intertuberosity region. also posterior anteroposterior length was increased but anterior AP length was decreased from 8.1mm to 7.7mm. There was meaningful increase at intertuberosity length; however, a significant reduction in width t-t'

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.476-486
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• 2004

본 논문은 두 편으로 구성된 스마트능동레이어 (smart active layer, SAL) 센서 개발에 관한 두 번째 것이다. 이미 첫 번째 논문에서 언급되었지만, 구조물 건전성 감시 (structural health monitoring, SHM)는 구조물 안전 감시의 비용과 편리성을 개선하기 위한 방법으로서, 산업현장에서 그 응용이 점차 증가하는 새로운 기술이며, 최근 실제 응용을 하기 위한 스마트 센서의 개발 및 연구가 매우 활발하다. 본 논문에서는 첫 번째 논문에 기술된 SAL 센서의 이론 및 개념 연구에 이어서 실제 제작 및 적용연구에 관해 기술한다. 본 연구에서는 탄성파 감지를 위한 스마트 압전 센서 SAL을 개발하였는데, 압전 소자, 전자기파 차폐층 (EMI shielding lave.) 및 보호 층(protection layer)으로 구성되었다. 보호층에 일정 간격으로 분포된 압전 센서가 부착되고, 이들을 전기적으로 연결하는 회로층이 위치하고 있다. 모두 4종류의 SAL 센서가 설계, 제작 및 시험되었으며 이에 대해 상세히 기술하고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 SAL 센서는 SHM의 수행과 탄성파에 의한 손상 위치를 표정하는데 적용 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2006

YBCO film was synthesized by using a new approach to the TFA-MOD method. In the fabrication process, $Y_2Ba_1Cu_1O_x\;and\;Ba_3Cu_5O_8$ powders were used as precursors (the so called '211 process'), instead of Y-, Ba-, and Cu-based acetates, and dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid followed by calcining and firing heat treatment. Consequently, we successfully fabricated YBCO film and evaluated the phase formation, texture evolution, and critical properties as a function of the calcining and firing temperature and humidity, in order to explore its possible application in coated conductor fabrication. The films were calcined at $430-460^{\circ}C$ and then fired at $750-800^{\circ}C\;in\;a\;0-20\%$ humidified $Ar-O_2$ atmosphere. We observed that $BaF_2$ phase was effectively reduced and that a sharp and strong biaxial texture formed under humidified atmosphere leading to increased critical properties. In addition, we found that the microstructure varied significantly with the firing temperature: the grain grew further, the film became denser, and the degree of texture and phase purity varied as the firing temperature increased. For the film fired at $775^{\circ}C$ after calcining at $460^{\circ}C$, the critical current was obtained to be 39 A/cm-width (corresponding critical current density is $2.0\;MA/cm^2$ which was probably attributed to such factors as the enhanced phase purity and out-of-plane texture, the moderate film density and grain size, and crack-free surface.