• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2006

The aim of this paper is to improve moisture regain of PET fabrics using a lipase treatment. Effects of nine lipase sources, lipase activator and nonionic surfactant on moisture regain of PET fabrics are examined. Moisture regains of lipase-treated samples improve by two times in average compared with untreated and buffer-treated samples. Alkaline treatment creates larger pitting by more aggressive attack into fiber which is proved by SEM and water contact angle measurement. Moisture regain by alkaline treatment ($0.568%{\pm}0.08$) does not improve. However, lipase-treatment (L2 treatment) improves moisture regain up to 2.4 times ($1.272%{\pm}0.05$). Although lipase treatment is more moderate than alkaline treatment, lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics improves moisture regain, efficiently. K/S values improved confirm that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are produced on the surface of PET fabrics by lipase hydrolysis. Moisture regain and dyeability improve by lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 1998

Life cycle assessment (LCA) on two different sludge treatment systems, on-site treatment and pipe-collected intensive treatment was performed to estimate the environmental impact in the aspect of global warming effect. As a main parameter of the estimation, $CO_2$ was chosen and quantified through the whole life cycle of the treatment systems including construction, operation and dismantlement. In this study, the changes of $CO_2$ production unit (CPU) by up-scaling n currently used sludge treatment processes were also calculated. As the result, a larger amount of $CO_2$ was exhausted from the construction step of intensive treatment system than that of on-site treatment system, because an additional pipe-collection system was needed in intensive treatment system. However, the total amount of $CO_2$ exhausted from whole life cycle including not only construction and dismantlement but also 15 year-operation and maintenance was reduced by appling intensive treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

This study was carried out to know bending process property of bentwood by treatment methods such as microwave and ammonia solution treatment. Bentwood processing was operated on bending-jig form with 60mm and 100mm radius of curvature (ROC). The species was used to Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora). No significant difference was shown in bentwood processing method on ROC. In treatment method, ammonia solution treatment for bentwood was better in dimensional stability and working ability than that of microwave treatment. However, bentwood stress was reduced with ammonia solution treatment. Color of bentwood surface appearance has a dark tendency in ammonia solution treatment. But it seems to beautiful effect of apparent annual ring is rising esthetically by ammonia solution treatment. To utilize wood as a exterior material for living amenity, it has to be closely examined from various angles including surface property, degree of swelling and shrinkage, drying state, retaining strength, durability, safety, and insect damage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.145-150
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• 2013

Endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive treatment for managing patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Although several bulking agents have been used for endoscopic treatment, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is the only bulking agent currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating VUR. Endoscopic treatment of VUR has gained great popularity owing to several obvious benefits, including short operative time, short hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, high efficacy, low complication rate, and reduced cost. Initially, the success rates of endoscopic treatment have been lower than that of open antireflux surgery. However, because injection techniques have been developed, a recent study showed higher success rates of endoscopic treatment than open surgery in the treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-grade VUR. Despite the controversy surrounding its effectiveness, endoscopic treatment is considered a valuable treatment option and viable alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of cellulase treatment on crease resistance of cotton. Cotton fabrics was treated with cellulase under different concentration at $50^{\circ}C$ for 40 min. Also to compare the effect of DMDHEU treatment, DMDHEU treatment was conducted before and after cellulase treatment, also with cellulase. Weight loss, crease resistance and tentile strength of each samples were measured and compared. Maximum weight loss showed at 1g/l con. with 40 min. treatment. Cellulase enzyme treatment was more effective than DMDHEU in the crease resistance and tensile strength. Crease resistant of cotton which treated under different condition with cellulase and DMDHEU showed in the order of cellulase+DMDHEU> cellulase> DMDHEU treatment. Also, tensile strength showed in the order of cellulase> cellulase+DMDHEU> DMDHEU. Among those treatment conditions, condition which treated with cellulase considered more effective to increase crease resistance while keeping tensile strength too.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the korean medical treatment for compressive neuropathy of radial nerve, especially chuna treatment of cervical vertebrae. Methods : Two patients were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, herbal medication, chuna treatment on cervical vertebrae. To evaluate the wrist drop and numbness of hand, Coding Result of arbitrary values and manual muscle test(MMT), visual analogue scale(VAS) were used. Results : After 2 weeks-treatment(in case 1) & 5 weeks-treatment(in case 2), the movement and power of wrist were restored to nearly normal range, also the numbness of hands was removed. All cases show the improvement in the movement of wrist and the numbness of hands. Conclusions : Korean medical treatment including cervical manual therapy as chuna treatment is remarkably effective for radial nerve palsy. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of chuna treatment on central vertebrae for peripheral neuropathy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze acupuncture treatment methods and acupoint used to treat infertility in the last decade. The data were retrieved from 2010.1 to 2021.8. using national and international electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OASIS, NDSL, and KISS). "Infertility," "sterility," "acupuncture," "electroacupuncture," "bloodletting," "pharmacopuncture," were used as search terms. All studies were mainly concerned with acupuncture treatment of infertility, but the studies which were not related included; (1) infertility or acupuncture treatment; (2) animal studies; (3) review/meta/protocol or clinical study; comparative studies and case reports which were excluded from this review. Only clinical trials for acupuncture treatment of infertility were included in this review (n = 18). For infertility treatment studies using acupuncture, polycystic ovarian syndrome was the main cause of infertility, the most common acupoint used was CV4, CV3, CV6, SP6, BL23, and the treatment effect significantly improved in the group receiving acupuncture treatment compared with the control group, or the group taking Western medicine alone. In some studies, the group using acupuncture treatment did not show side effects. Acupuncture is an effective treatment for infertility.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.61-79
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• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of Herbal acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen (Haeng-in) in mice and rats. Method: Balble mice were injected intraperitoneany with Haeng-In extract for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with Haeng-In extract for subacute toxicity test. TheAnneniacae amarum semen Herbal-Acupuncture was injected on Chung-wan (CV12) of mice with Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line. Results: 1. $LD_{50}$ was uncountable as none of the subjects expired from the treatment groups during the test. 2. The clinical signs and the body weight of mice treated with 0.1cc and 0.2cc Haeng-In extract were not affected during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, total protein and albumin were decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. Glucose was increased, and total cholesterol was decreased in treatment groups. GPT was increased in treatment group Ⅰ. 4. In subacute toxicity test, toxic symptoms were not detected in the treatment groups. 5. In subacute toxicity test, the body weight was increased in treatment groups on 14th and 21st day. 6. In subacute toxicity test. liver weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ, and spleen weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ. Lung weight was increased in an the treatment groups.(p<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test, severe tissue injury was found in lung and liver, especially treatment group Ⅰshowed more significant lung damage compared to treatment group l. 8. In subacute toxicity test, WBC. MCH and MCHC were increased in an the treatment groups, RBC, HGB and HCT were decreased in treatment group H(p<0.05). 9. In subacute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of rats, triglyceride was decreased in all the treatment groups. ALP was decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. and creatinine was decreased in treatment group Ⅱ. BUN/CR was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). 10. Median survival time of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell treated with Haeng-In was increased in all the treatment groups by twenty percent, compared to the control group(p<0.05). 11. Natural killer cell activity about the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased at the ratio of 100:1 but was increased at the ratio of 10:1. In treatment group Ⅱ, increase was found at the ratio of 100:1 and 50:1 (p<0.05). 12. Interleukin-2 productivity of the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased in treatment group I, but was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude Herbal-acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen caused toxicity, and had effects in Sarcoma-180 cancer cell.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1155-1163
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• 2016

The treatment efficiencies of domestic sewage treatment processes were analysed and assessed to suggest and design a suitable technology for coal seam gas (CSG) water treatment. Two sewage treatment plants (S and G in Busan) were selected. The former operates with standard activated sludge and modified Ludzak Ettinger processes while the later uses the combination of $A_2/O$ and gravity fiber filtration. For both plants, the concentrations of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P were about 5.0, 19.0, 5.0, 11.0 and 1.0 ppm, respectively, which satisfy the discharge standards. Therefore, although sewage treatment processes seems to be applicable for CSG water treatment, additional processes to remove total dissolved solids and ionic compounds (i.e. bicarbonate) need to be introduced to produce fit-for-purpose water resources for beneficial use (in accordance with Water ACT 2013). This, for the CSG treatment process design, it is necessary to align the operating conditions with merging methods of combinable unit technology obtained from sewage treatment processes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.86-95
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• 2014

This study verified a hypothesis "treatment circumstance that considers character of children with autism has an effect on emotion stability", and I set the final aim to suggest emotional design elements according to treatment program and also to construct basic data about study of treatment circumstance of children with autism. So I conduct a survey of teachers of nine centers for the disabled about "satisfaction about treatment circumstance, importance of design elements of treatment circumstance that increase children's with autism stability, sensibility estimation about treatment circumstance" and committed statistical analysis. As the results, emotional design elements that have to be improved are the wall finishing material, the color of the wall, and the artificial lighting. The color of the wall has an effect on importance of treatment circumstance and emotional design elements influence 47% to satisfaction of treatment circumstance. It get the positive result about the hypothesis "treatment circumstance that considers character of children with autism has an effect on emotion stability".