• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the availability of ABM (Active-Based Model), FEATHERS, as a policy evaluation tool. To achieve the goal, scenario analysis on flexible working policy was conducted to measure its impact on activity-travel behavior. As a consequence, there seems no significant change in worker's daily life, other than mitigating traffic congestion due to decreasing commuting travel in the rush hour. The result of VKT (vehicle kilometers traveled) shows an opposite pattern according to given household/individual constraints. The scenario analysis on telecommuting indicates a decreasing trend in both travel frequency and distance because of the diminished number of commuting trips. As the activity space of telecommuters is shifted to a residential area, there are more short-distance trips by using non-motorized transport, which leads to decrease in VKT (using a private vehicle). Thus, the sensitivity of VKT by population groups varies due to transport mode shift (between personal and another mode) and growing non-work trips (using a private mode). This study found few things. First, it is necessary to evaluate the details of policy impact by population groups since it can be varied depending on household/individual characteristics. Second, the case study shows a promising performance of ABM as policy measurement that provides reality in policy evaluation. Third, ABM allows us to do more accurate analysis (i.e. time-series analysis by population groups) of policy assessment than those of FSM (Four-Step Model). Lastly, a further effort in data collection, literature review, and expert survey should be made to enhance the accuracy and confidence of future research.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.15
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• pp.329-353
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• 2008

Tasan Jeong Yak-yong is great scholar, who makes a synthesis of Sil-hak[實學, Practical Science of Korea], reformer of society, and a poet in the Joseon Dynasty. He expressed contradiction and conflict of those days by intellectual language, and reperceived basic ideology of the Joseon society. Also he theorized dissatisfaction of the people about those days and its system as form of religion. We can divide Tasan's life into two times. The first part is his ages 16~39 in the period of Jeong-jo(1777~1800). The second part is in the period of Sun-jo(1801~1834). In this period, he was exiled into Gang-jin for 17 years. After banishment, he lived a quiet life for the rest of his life in his hometown. His allegoric poetry were written in this second period. The special feature of allegoric poetry is strong satire. An allegory would be that is 'king's ear', which the barber has sight, or the barber's voice, which has divulged king's secret among the bamboos. Otherwise it would be that is the sound 'king's ear is donkey's ear' in the bamboos. This sound is divulging of the true donkey's ear. It doesn't travel to audiences, but travels trough wind in the bamboos. The narration exists just as story that barber can't stand to keep silence about king's secret. There are exposure of true and critical motive as allegoric expression. Tasan's allegoric poetry stand on the basis of his love for the people. Also there reveals his thought deeply with an enormous amount of reading and self-communion. Moreover there are his warm mind with his sharp insight in which captures alive lives as allegoric materials. Most of allegoric poetry satirize actuality of those days to make an excuse for external distinguishing marks of animals and plants. However Tasan's poetry are different from them. After he grasped serious problems from his contemporary actuality, and then choosed allegoric media to express correctly. Because he grasped the special features of lives after minute observation, he could exposure controversial point of the actual. His sharp insight was not limited to allegoric media. He noticed his period and the current of his society sensitively. It made his allegoric poetry as important materials to make us to know the condition of the people in the Joseon Dynasty. Tasan's allegoric poetry is inherited by Baek Seok[白石, 1912~1995] as regular juvenile literature. Baek Seok's juvenile stories are the results of expansion and transition for Tasan's allegoric poetry. Allegoric poetry was the shout of barber to prosecute about social irregularities and contradiction, and the sound of the bamboos to travel moaning of the people in the past. Now allegoric poetry create new emotion to make us to speculate ourselves with our surrounding. This changes are caused by special feature of allegoric poetry as a form to reflect our general lives.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to review previous studies on human errors in the service delivery processes. Service industry is sharply growing in the advanced countries. Many people are looking for something to contribute to the service industry. Although there are many research topics related to service domain that human factors and ergonomics specialists can do contribute, a few researchers are studying such topics. This paper indicated how previous researches on human factors and human errors have addressed the service domain, in order to prompt human factor study on the service domain. A variety of sources were inspected for literature reviews, including books and journals of managements, medicine, psychology, consumer behavior as well as human factor and ergonomics. The characteristics of human errors in the service domain were investigated. Human error studies in several service sectors were summarized such as medical service, automotive service operation, travel agent service and call center service. Until now, human factors community was not much interested in human errors in service domain. However, there is much space to contribute to service domain; human error identification, human error analysis and control of human error. The research of human error in service domain can provide clues to improve service quality. This paper helps to guide to identify human error of service domain and to design service systems.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.261-280
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• 2007

This paper attempts to examine how woman's role defined by the public discourse took issue with private desires of an individual woman in Tabitha Gilman Tenney's Female Quixotism (1801). Tenney borrows and transforms the ideas of quixotism and picaresque from Don Quixote, which involve an inherent paradox in the post-Revolutionary America. The Republican Ideology emphasized women's crucial role as guardians of family virtue and molders of republican citizens. Therefore, women were not allowed to travel outside of the domestic space as freely as a male picaro could do. In fact, the"adventures"depicted in the novel are constituted of a series of courtship in which Dorcasina, the heroine, unceasingly tries but fails to find a husband fit for her romantic idea about love and marriage formed by novel reading. However, the process shows that a variety of socially disadvantaged groups as well as women were excluded from the public space of the post-Revolutionary America. This half-a-century quest does not end with a conventional happy marriage, but Dorcasina finds herself a disillusioned old maid, resigned to a life of charity. Yet the ending exposes social contradictions inherent in early Republic of America, by showing how an individual woman's life was prescribed and limited by the dominant public discourse.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.441-458
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• 2009

The Imperial Road is Jean Rhys s unfinished manuscript, rejected by publishers for its openly racist tone. Although it describes Rhys s actual visit to Dominica in 1936, it is not a transparent recollection of the travel but a recreation informed by racial dynamics of the 1970s when she wrote the text. This paper examines the manuscript as a troubled (and troubling) response to what Rhys perceived as racial rejection from Dominica at the wake of political independence. Rhys s representation of white Creole womanhood significantly depends on an interwoven configuration of racial dynamics and sexual politics, where an oppressive white European man facilitates a white Creole woman s cross-racial identification with Afro-Caribbeans. However, the political and literary landscape of the West Indies in the 1970s made such cross-racial identification untenable. As a result, The Imperial Road is full of disturbing racial hatred, prejudice, and resentment. And yet, it also reflects Rhys s honest and serious concern over a white Creole s racial identity in postcolonial Dominica, raising a difficult question: How would a postcolonial age change a white Creole identity that belongs neither to the colonized nor to the colonizer (or both)? In The Imperial Road, unable to identify with Afro-Caribbeans, the white Creole is disoriented in time and space, lost at home, stuck between the past and the present, not knowing how to participate in a postcolonial homeland. Through the narrator s racial disorientation, The Imperial Road exposes the white Creole s fundamental dependence on other Creoles.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.939-958
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• 2011

Ezra Pound has an idea of poetry as a field of energy in which words interact with each other with kinetic energy. The energy field which Pound creates in his poem is analogous to the theory of electromagnetism developed by Michael Faraday and James Maxwell, who look upon the space around magnets, electric charges and currents not as empty but as filled with energy and activity. Pound argues that "words are charged with force like electricity," demonstrating that words charged with their own images or energies of positive or negative valence interact one another. This idea is similar to Faraday's concept of "line of force" which he used to represent the disposition of electric and magnetic forces in space. Pound's concept of "image" as an "intellectual and emotional complex in an instant" is remarkably consonant with the confluence of electric and magnetic fields that are coupled to each other as they travel through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. The instant profusion of conception and perception, much like that of electric and magnetic fields, enables Pound to move beyond the sequential and linear hierarchy in time and space. Particularly, Maxwell's stunning discovery that the electromagnetic waves propagate in space at 'the speed of light' has allowed Pound a relativistic sense of escape from the limitations of Newtonian absolute time and space. Pound's poetry transcends any geographical space and sequential time by rendering and juxtaposing images simultaneously. Pound was fully aware of light and electricity fundamental to what he called his world "the electric world." Pound's experiments in Imagism and Vorticism can be considered an attempt to rediscover a place for poetry in the modern world of science and technology. Almost all the appliances that we think of today as modern were laid down in the closing decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, in response to the availability of electromagnetic energy. This paper explores how Pound responded to the age of modern technology and science, examining his conception of "image" through his many analogies and similes drawn from electromagnetism. Pound's imagist poetics and poetry come to embody, not only the characteristics of the electric age in the early twentieth century, but the principles of electromagnetism the electric age is based upon.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2016

The cabin service quality expected by customers during the air travel can be the top priority to choose an airline. Customers' perception about cabin service quality evaluation are important for developing differentiated cabin service strategies of airlines, so this study aims to analyze the effect of the cabin service quality on airline image and customer loyalty. For achieving this purpose, literature study and empirical study on cabin service, customer loyalty and airline image were performed together. As a results of research, a high level of the cabin service quality provided by airlines significantly influenced positive images of airlines and customer loyalty. And customers' positive image towards airlines practically had a substantial influence on the improvement of customer loyalty. These study results would help in creating positive images of airlines and securing customer loyalty by developing differentiated and improved cabin service quality strategies of each airline in the limitless competition of the aviation service industry.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.153-165
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• 2009

This paper apollos an ant colony system (ACS) for the vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTW). The VRPTW is a generalization of the VRP where the service of a customer can begin within the time windows defined by the earliest and latest times when the customer will permit the start of service. The ACS has been applied effectively in geographical environment such as TSP or VRP by meta-heuristic that imitate an ant's biologic special duality in route construction, 3 saving based ACS (SB-ACS) is introduced and its solution is improved by local search. Through iterative precesses, the SB-ACS is shown to drive the best solution. The algorithm has been tested on 56 Solomon benchmarking problems and compared to the best-known solutions on literature. Experimental results shows that SB-ACS algorithm could obtain food solution in total travel distance minimization.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.4
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• pp.229-247
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• 1998

Keats is a poet who was in pursuit of 'the beautiful'. He tried to show various structures in his poetry to search for 'eternal pleasure'. These are explained in terms of 'metamorphosis', 'travel structure' and 'metamorphosis patterns', but put together, these can be expressed as simple terms of a dramatic structure. Especially We can assume this dramatic structure is the key to access his poetry on the basis of the fact that Keats always admired the world of drama and respected Shakespeare most. We can see Keats' dramatic structure in his poetry Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn. To Autumn and so on, and in these three poems, he was very successful in achieving unique poetic expression by inducing tension structure' through the dramatic structure of Introduction - development - crisis - climax - ending. In conclusion, his poetry achieved success in that he made clear his central theme, the pursuit of a beautiful and happy life through the application of a dramatic structure.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.160-170
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• 2009

This paper studies a vehicle routing problem variant which considers customers to require simultaneous delivery and pick-up under time windows(VRPSDP-TW). The objective of this paper is to minimize the total travel distance of routes that satisfy both the delivery and pick-up demand. We propose a heuristic algorithm for solving the VRPSDP-TW, based on the ant colony system(ACS). In route construction, an insertion algorithm based ACS is applied and the interim solution is improved by local search. Through iterative processes, the heuristic algorithm drives the best solution. Experiments are implemented to evaluate a performance of the algorithm on some test instances from literature.