• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.463-484
• /
• 2014

Solid piers with a rounded rectangular cross-section are widely used in railway bridges for high-speed trains in China. Compared to highway bridge piers, these railway bridge piers have a larger crosssection and less steel reinforcement. Existing material models cannot accurately predict the seismic behavior of this kind of railway bridge piers. This is because only a few parameters, such as axial load, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, are taken into account. To enable a better understanding of the seismic behavior of this type of bridge pier, a simultaneous influence of the various parameters, i.e. ratio of height to thickness, axial load to concrete compressive strength ratio and longitudinal to transverse reinforcements, on the failure characteristics, hysteresis, skeleton curves, and displacement ductility were investigated. In total, nine model piers were tested under cyclic loading. The hysteretic response obtained from the experiments is compared with that obtained from numerical studies using existing material models. The experimental data shows that the hysteresis curves have significantly pinched characteristics that are associated with small longitudinal reinforcement ratios. The displacement ductility reduces with an increase in ratio of axial load to concrete compressive strength and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The experimental results are largely in agreement with the numerical results obtained using Chang-Mander concrete model.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the control technology of the welding distortion caused by Auto NG-GTA(Narrow Gap-GTA) welding process at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment. Heat input model for Auto NG-GTA welding process was established and verified by measuring temperature change and molten pool shape at the bead-on-plate weldment. With the heat input model developed, the effect of tension load on the welding distortion at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment was evaluated using the thermo-elasto-plastic FE analysis. In accordance with FEA results, the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage sharply decreased with an increase in tension load. This result indicated that tensioning method was an effective countermeasure against the welding distortion of the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1990

This study investigated a method for the determination of the J-integral for a tough glassy polymer such as polycarbonate plates by using the method of caustics. Comparing the values of J-integral determined by a numerical analysis and by the method of caustics, the method of caustics was found to be an effective experimental technique for the determination of the J-integral. The ratio between two J-integrals determined by the method of caustics and by finite element method converged into 1 within the limit of low load. However, it was noticed that the greater the plastic zone at the crack tip was, the lower the J-integral obtained by the reflect method of caustics. This difference may be deduced from the damage at the crack tip such as craze appeared in the polycarbonate plate. It was confirmed that the ratio of longitudinal diameter( $D_{l}$ ) to transverse diameter ( $D_{t}$) of caustics generally converged into 1 at the low load. The transition of the state of stress at the vicinity of a crack tip from plane strain to plane stress was deduced by noticing that the longitudinal diameter( $D_{l}$ ) grew faster than the transverse diameter( $D_{t}$) of caustics within the higher load range.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop the control technology of the welding distortion caused by Auto NG-GTA welding process at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment. For it, heat input model for Auto NG-GTA welding process was established and verified by measuring temperature change and molten pool shape at the bead-on-plate weldment. With heat input model developed, the effect of the tension load on the amount of welding distortion at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment was evaluated using the thermo-elasto-plastic FE analysis. In accordance with FEA results, the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage sharply decreased with an increase in tension load. This result indicates that tensioning method was verified as a countermeasure against the welding distortion of STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2022

This study investigates the effect of cylindrical baffle arrays behind a rigid barrier on debris flow behavior and dynamic impact load. Small-scale tests were performed with various transverse blockage ratios and row numbers of baffles. High-speed cameras were installed at the flume's top and side, and load cells were installed in front of the rigid barrier. Moreover, glass beads simulated large boulders with debris flow in the flume. Test results revealed that the impact load of debris flow on the rigid barrier was significantly reduced using the cylindrical baffles behind the rigid barrier. In addition, the increased transverse blockage ratio of baffle arrays led to a greater impact load of debris flow because of flow suppression due to the baffle arrays.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.290-297
• /
• 2004

In this paper, one of the harbour maneuvering tests is described. Its goal is to investigate the so-called crabbing performance of ships. By crabbing is meant the ability of the vessel to move sideways with the use of her own maneuvering devices like propellers, rudders, transverse thruster, etc. the 3m ferry model is made by ocean engineering wide tank in the university of ulsan. when the model ship is leaving and going to the quay, Transverse forces and Yawing moments are measured, in the condition of zero longitudinal force and the design draught, by load cell attached to the longitudinal center of gravity on the ship. the purpose of the experiment is to verify the reliability of ocean wide tank in university of ulsan about crabbing test compared with results of foreign research institute.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.873-878
• /
• 2002

This study is performed to investigate the behavior of multi-column piers and to evaluate the seismic performance. In this study, 3 types of scale model piers with 2-column are designed and tested by quasi-static load in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Each type of model consisting of 2 specimens has different reinforcement details in the lap splice of longitudinal bars and amount of transverse reinforcements. This paper reports that relatively large amount of ductility can be achieved by providing sufficient lap-splice length and transverse reinforcements with end hook even if longitudinal bars are lap spliced in the base of pier. But because multi-column piers have small longitudinal stiffness, careful consideration is needed in case of multi-span continuous bridges.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.19-40
• /
• 2020

In the present study, a fifth-order shear and normal deformation theory using a polynomial function in the displacement field is developed and employed for the static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich simply supported spherical shells subjected to sinusoidal load. The significant feature of the present theory is that it considers the effect of transverse normal strain in the displacement field which is eliminated in classical, first-order and many higher-order shell theories, while predicting the bending behavior of the shell. The present theory satisfies the zero transverse shear stress conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the shell. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived using the principle of virtual work. To solve the governing equations, the Navier solution procedure is employed. The obtained results are compared with Reddy's and Mindlin's theory for the validation of the present theory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2011

A study of the bending-extension-transverse shear coupled random response of the composite beams with thin-walled open sections subjected to various types of concentrated and distributed random excitations is dealt with in this paper. First of all, equations of motion of thin-walled composite H-type cross-section beams incorporating a number of nonclassical effects of transverse shear and primary and secondary warping, and anisotropy of constituent materials are derived. On the basis of derived equations of motion, analytical expressions for the displacement response of the composite beams are derived by using normal mode method combined with frequency response function method.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 2014

The objective of this paper is to provide a comparison between two transverse flux rotary machines (TFRM) with different topologies of stator cores. Depending on how to make stator core with laminated steel sheets, the one topology is 'perpendicular stacking core' and the other is 'separated core'. Both of the two cores have been designed considering 3-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux path with the same output power conditions, but the core losses are quite different and it causes different magnetic and thermal characteristics. For comparison of these two topologies of stator cores, therefore, core losses have been calculated and used as a heat source in no-load conditions, and the thermal stress has been also calculated. 3-D finite element method has been used for the magnetic field, thermal, and stress analysis to consider the 3-D flux path of the TFRM. After comparing the analysis results of the two topologies, experimental results are also presented and discussed.